Question 1

One explanation for schizophrenia holds that schizophrenic individuals have difficulty in filtering their attention.This is most closely related to the concept of&#10;A)cognitive economy.&#10;B)schema development.&#10;C)chunking.&#10;D)top-down processing.

Accepted Answer

cognitive economy.

Question 2

Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?&#10;A)Corpus's area&#10;B)Wernicke's area&#10;C)Broca's area&#10;D)Munchausen's area

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area, located in the left temporal lobe, is primarily involved in speech comprehension. It is responsible for understanding and processing the meaning of spoken language.

Question 3

People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says &#34;You are 90% certain to survive&#34; as opposed to &#34;There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die.&#34; This is an example of&#10;A)poor bedside manners.&#10;B)a heuristic.&#10;C)framing information.&#10;D)developing a healthful concept.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of framing information, where the same information is presented in different ways, leading to different interpretations and emotional reactions. In this case, the two statements convey the same information, but the first statement is framed in a positive way (90% chance of survival), while the second statement is framed in a negative way (1 in 10 chance of death). The framing effect can have a significant impact on people's decision-making and emotional responses.

Question 4

Eduardo is from Brazil.He is fluent in both Portuguese and English.When he uses English to speak to you of his home in Brazil,he seems to have trouble remembering details.Yet when he is speaking Portuguese to another Brazilian,he has no trouble remembering.This phenomenon can be best explained by

A)linguistic determinism.
B)linguistic relativity.
C)extralinguistic information.
D)cryptophasia.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is consistent with the idea of linguistic relativity, which suggests that language can influence and shape one's perceptions and thought processes. Eduardo's ability to recall details may be influenced by the language he is using to communicate, as different languages may have different ways of categorizing and conceptualizing information. Thus, when he speaks Portuguese, he may be accessing a different cognitive framework and be better able to retrieve specific details about his home in Brazil.

Question 5

Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as&#10;A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.&#10;B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.&#10;C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.&#10;D)providing directions to an event.

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed involve language use, only choice A specifically includes non-informational purposes. Establishing or maintaining social relationships does not necessarily involve conveying new information, but instead focuses on connecting with others on a personal level.

Question 6

E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because&#10;A)it lacks extralinguistic information.&#10;B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.&#10;C)of decreasing literacy levels.&#10;D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.

Accepted Answer

E-mail lacks extralinguistic information such as tone of voice, facial expressions, or body language, which can cause misunderstandings.

Question 7

The average reader uses _____ to read the vast majority of printed words.&#10;A)phonetic decomposition&#10;B)whole word recognition&#10;C)surface salience&#10;D)the representativeness heuristic

Accepted Answer

Whole word recognition is the most common method used by readers to quickly recognize and comprehend printed words. This method involves recognizing words as a single unit rather than sounding out each individual letter. Phonetic decomposition and surface salience are strategies that can be used in conjunction with whole word recognition but are not the primary approach for most readers. The representativeness heuristic is a cognitive bias unrelated to reading.

Question 8

The average college student reads at a rate of about _____ words per minute.&#10;A)50-100&#10;B)100-150&#10;C)150-200&#10;D)200-300

Accepted Answer

The average college student reads at a rate of about 200-300 words per minute. This range is considered a good pace for comprehension and retention of information.

Question 9

Even those who are well-skilled at reading lips can only pick up about _____ percent of what is being said because most of our verbal expression is done inside of the mouth.&#10;A)5-10&#10;B)10-20&#10;C)20-30&#10;D)30-35

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even those who are well-skilled at reading...

Question 10

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however,he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it.When he notices the visor drop again,he reaches into his pocket for a dime,which he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor.What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

A)Relative comparison
B)Functional fixedness
C)Poor problem representation
D)The representative heuristic

Accepted Answer

Ben overcame functional fixedness by using a dime instead of a screwdriver to fix the loose screw on the visor. He was able to see the dime as a tool that could serve the same function as a screwdriver, even though it is not the typical tool used for that task.

Deck 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language