Deck 9: Section 4: Lifespan Development

Question 1

A _____ man or woman refers to a person whose anatomy matches his or her gender identity, such as a biological man who identifies as male.

A)heterosexual
B)bisexual
C)transgender
D)cisgender

Answer 1

cisgender

Question 2

Morelli investigates how gene activity is regulated within a cell, including what signals switch genes "on" or "off." In general, she is interested in the mechanisms that control gene expression and its effect on behavior and health. Her area of research is called:

A)genetic mutation research.
B)epigenetics.
C)stem cell research.
D)the human genome project.

Answer 2

epigenetics.

Question 3

Which theorist proposed the zone of proximal development?

A)Piaget
B)Darwin
C)Kohlberg
D)Vygotsky

Answer 3

Vygotsky

Question 4

Researchers Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess:

A)studied the effect of day care on attachment and development.
B)studied the detrimental psychological effects of allowing an infant to sleep in the same room or bed with the parents.
C)found that most infants can be classified as having one of three basic temperament patterns.
D)examined the emotional experience of dying and proposed the idea that there are five stages that people progress through as they face death.

Question 5

According to _____, every baby enters the world with an innate ability to understand the basic principles of language organization.

A)Noam Chomsky
B)Jean Piaget
C)Erik Erikson
D)Lev Vygotsky

Question 6

Which cultural values are reflected in the U.S. custom of putting infants to sleep in a separate room from their parents?

A)the importance of interdependence
B)the need to be independent and self-reliant
C)the importance of noise-free, low-stress environments, especially sleeping quarters, for both parents and infants
D)the low priority placed on forming secure attachment relationships

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Females have an XY combination in the 23rd pair of chromosomes.
B)Each gene in every gene pair contains 23 chromosomes.
C)Each chromosome contains 23 genes.
D)Males have an XY combination in the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Question 8

According to _____ theory, the quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically.

A)attachment
B)goodness-of-fit
C)humanistic
D)personality

Question 9

_____ psychology is the study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan.

A)Cognitive
B)Developmental
C)Clinical
D)Evolutionary

Question 10

According to _____ theory of gender-role development, gender roles are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling.

A)evolutionary
B)social learning
C)gender schema
D)biological

Question 11

Martina is pregnant with her first child. She wonders how the embryo receives nourishment and rids itself of carbon dioxide and other wastes. You can tell Martina that the _____ performs this function.

A)placenta
B)amniotic sac
C)umbilical cord
D)zygote.

Question 12

The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that a given culture designates as either "masculine" or "feminine" are components of what is called:

A)gender.
B)gender identity.
C)androgyny.
D)gender role.

Question 13

A newborn baby is:

A)capable of a variety of voluntary behaviors, including rolling over.
B)able to see near objects more clearly than distant objects.
C)unable to distinguish between male and female voices.
D)initially unable to smell or see.

Question 14

India has developed the skills for walking up steps. According to Figure 9.3: Milestones in Infant Motor Development, India is probably between the ages of _____ and _____ months.

A)7: 14
B)10; 13
C)11; 15
D)14; 22

Question 15

_____ cells can divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and give rise to a variety of other types of cells in the body.

A)Stem
B)Blood
C)Neural
D)Protein

Question 16

According to research on gender-role stereotypes, which individual is likely to be the MOST rigid in his or her beliefs?

A)Deacon, who is 9
B)Renee, who is 14
C)Rose, who is 40
D)George, who is 65

Question 17

In general, the greatest vulnerability to teratogens occurs during the_____ period of prenatal development.

A)fertilization
B)embryonic
C)zygotic
D)germinal

Question 18

The human genome consists of approximately _____ genes.

A)1,000 to 5,000
B)5,000 to 15,000
C)20,000 to 25,000
D)70,000 to 75,000

Question 19

Which of the following represents the CORRECT order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A)sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational
B)preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
C)sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
D)concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

A)Stages of cognitive development are less universal than Piaget believed.
B)Piaget underestimated the cognitive abilities of infants.
C)Piaget underestimated the impact of cultural influences on cognitive development.
D)Researchers have been unable to replicate most of Piaget's observations or findings.

Question 21

Today, MOST developmental psychologists agree that:

A)no consistent patterns of temperamental qualities can be identified because all infants are unique.
B)the quality of child care is the critical factor that determines whether it produces beneficial or detrimental effects.
C)it is impossible to accurately determine whether a toddler is securely or insecurely attached.
D)infants are unable to form multiple attachments.

Question 22

Diamond is 12 years old and has just experienced her first menstrual period. Diamond has experienced:

A)spermarche.
B)menarche.
C)atypical puberty.
D)the pubertal spurt.

Question 23

According to Erik Erikson's theory, the key psychosocial task facing adolescents is:

A)identity versus role confusion.
B)industry versus inferiority.
C)generativity versus stagnation.
D)ego integrity versus despair.

Question 24

and Mrs. Cotter are the parents of nine-year-old Cody. Although Cody is not yet an adolescent, the Cotters are already worried about how peer pressure will affect their son. You can tell the Cotters that susceptibility to peer influence peaks during:

A)middle childhood.
B)early adolescence.
C)late adolescence.
D)emerging adulthood.

Question 25

The _____ style of parenting is associated with a wide variety of long-term psychological and behavioral benefits in the development of children.

A)permissive-indifferent
B)authoritarian
C)authoritative
D)permissive-indulgent

Question 26

According to Erik Erikson:

A)the psychological task of old age is to achieve a sense of ego integrity.
B)the dying person progresses through a series of five distinct stages.
C)most older adults gradually disengage from social, occupational, and relationship roles.
D)the psychosocial conflict of late adulthood is initiative versus guilt.

Question 27

According research presented in the Focus on Neuroscience box on the adolescent brain, which area(s) of the brain is/are the LAST to reach maturity?

A)the prefrontal cortex
B)the parietal lobes
C)the amygdala
D)the left and right occipital lobes

Question 28

Universal moral principles are to the _____ level as law and order are to the _____ level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

A)postconventional; conventional
B)conventional; postconventional
C)conventional; preconventional
D)preconventional; conventional

Question 29

Sky is an early-maturing girl. Stone is an early-maturing boy. Compared with Sky, Stone will:

A)tend to have more positive experiences.
B)tend to have more negative experiences.
C)experience greater psychological difficulty coping with and understanding the physical changes that have taken place.
D)have more negative feelings about his body image and pubertal changes.

Question 30

Which of the following statements accurately describes cognitive functioning in healthy adults who are 60 to 70 years old?

A)There is a significant decline in memory abilities but not in other cognitive abilities.
B)There is a sharp decline in several cognitive abilities, including logical reasoning, vocabulary, and memory.
C)Spatial skills increase, while verbal skills decline.
D)There is little or no decline in cognitive ability, especially in adults who are physically and mentally active.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Compared with 30 years ago, the number of married couples with children has sharply declined.
B)Marital satisfaction tends to decline following the birth of the first child.
C)In the last few decades, the average age at which people first marry has steadily increased.
D)Women who have multiple, satisfying, and positive roles, but are nonetheless juggling career, marriage, and family responsibilities, are almost certain to experience the very highest levels of stress.