Deck 16: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Cushing's disease
C) Gigantism
D) Cretinism
Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Addison's disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Graves' disease
D) Acromegaly
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of the pancreas.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Cushing's disease
C) Gigantism
D) Cretinism
Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 16.2
Using Figure 16.2, match the following anterior pituitary hormones with their targets:

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E
Prolactin.

Question 5

Figure 16.1
Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) E
E) A
Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.

Question 6

Figure 16.2
Using Figure 16.2, match the following anterior pituitary hormones with their targets:

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E
Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 7

Figure 16.1
Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) E
E) A
Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.

Question 8

Figure 16.1
Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) E
E) A
Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

Question 9

Figure 16.2
Using Figure 16.2, match the following anterior pituitary hormones with their targets:

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E
Growth hormone.

Question 10

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Cushing's disease
C) Gigantism
D) Cretinism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Adrenal medulla
E) Parathyroid glands
The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.

Question 12

Figure 16.2
Using Figure 16.2, match the following anterior pituitary hormones with their targets:

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E
Adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Question 13

Figure 16.1
Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) E
E) A
Produce hormones involved in electrolyte balance and the stress response.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Addison's disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Graves' disease
D) Acromegaly
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Addison's disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Graves' disease
D) Acromegaly
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Cushing's disease
C) Gigantism
D) Cretinism
Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants.

Question 17

Figure 16.2
Using Figure 16.2, match the following anterior pituitary hormones with their targets:

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E
Thyroid stimulating hormone.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Addison's disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Graves' disease
D) Acromegaly
E) Pituitary dwarfism
An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Addison's disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Graves' disease
D) Acromegaly
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone.

Question 20

Figure 16.1
Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) E
E) A
Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) Neural stimulus
B) Hormonal stimulus
C) Humoral stimulus
Aldosterone production.

Question 22

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Adrenal medulla
E) Parathyroid glands
Primary regulators of blood calcium levels.

Question 24

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Mainly produces small amounts of gonadocorticoids.

Question 25

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Excess hormone levels from this region result in Cushing's syndrome.

Question 26

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Produces aldosterone.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Neural stimulus
B) Hormonal stimulus
C) Humoral stimulus
Parathyroid hormone production.

Question 28

The pineal gland is used as a brain orientation landmark for brain X rays.

Question 29

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Mainly produces glucocorticoids.

Question 30

Calcitonin is the main regulator of blood calcium levels.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Adrenal medulla
E) Parathyroid glands
Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body.

Question 32

Both "turn on" factors (hormonal,humoral,and neural stimuli)and "turn off" factors (feedback inhibition and others)may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.

Question 33

The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Neural stimulus
B) Hormonal stimulus
C) Humoral stimulus
Testosterone production.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Adrenal medulla
E) Parathyroid glands
Produces the body's major metabolic hormones.

Question 36

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Neural stimulus
B) Hormonal stimulus
C) Humoral stimulus
Epinephrine production.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Adrenal medulla
E) Parathyroid glands
Is part of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 39

Figure 16.3
Using Figure 16.3, match the following:

A) D
B) A
C) B
D) C
Produces epinephrine.

Question 40

Addison's disease is usually due to an insufficient output of glucocorticoids only.

Question 41

Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain neurotransmitters.

Question 42

Most type 2 diabetics do NOT produce insulin.

Question 43

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of both iodine and calcium.

Question 44

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

Question 45

Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the posterior pituitary.

Question 46

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

Question 47

Hypersecretion of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)can result in hypertension.

Question 48

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium.

Question 49

Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands but the least abundant.

Question 50

Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.

Question 51

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Question 52

All amino acid based hormones are lipid soluble and can cross the plasma membrane.

Question 53

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress.

Question 54

The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the parathyroid.

Question 55

Type 2 diabetes mellitus may reflect declining receptor sensitivity to insulin rather than decreased insulin production.

Question 56

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Question 57

The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.

Question 58

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Question 59

Examples of adrenal gland short-term stress responses include immune system suppression and retention of salt and water by the kidneys.

Question 60

LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.

Question 61

Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation.In order for cells to respond,it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate.This is possible because ________.

A) peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers
B) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers
C) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit
D) hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene

Question 62

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

A) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time
B) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
C) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ
D) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

A) polycythemia
B) polyuria
C) polydipsia
D) polyphagia

Question 64

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

A) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity
B) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA
C) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
D) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones

Question 65

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________.

A) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
B) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
C) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location
D) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?

A) an increase in enzyme synthesis
B) stimulation of mitosis
C) a change in membrane potential
D) direct control of the nervous system

Question 67

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

A) nothing all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
B) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
C) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
D) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

A) induces secretory activity
B) alters plasma membrane permeability
C) stimulates production of an action potential
D) activates or deactivates enzymes

Question 69

Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes?

A) growth hormone
B) melatonin
C) testosterone
D) calcitonin

Question 70

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

A) thyroid gland
B) thymus gland
C) adrenal medulla
D) pancreas

Question 71

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)________.

A) promotes dehydration
B) increases urine production
C) secretion is inhibited by alcohol
D) is produced by the anterior pituitary

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone interaction?

A) feedback
B) permissiveness
C) antagonism
D) synergism

Question 73

Oxytocin ________.

A) exerts its most important effects during menstruation
B) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
C) is an anterior pituitary secretion
D) controls milk production

Question 74

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

A) runs through the infundibulum
B) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis
C) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland
D) is the site of prolactin synthesis

Question 75

Gluconeogenesis,the formation of glucose from fats and proteins,is due to the action of ________.

A) insulin
B) secretin
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

A) neural
B) humoral
C) enzymatic
D) hormonal

Question 77

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second-messenger system.

Question 78

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.

A) nucleotides
B) calcium
C) deactivating ions
D) second messengers

Question 79

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

A) enzymes
B) antibodies
C) hormones
D) proteins

Question 80

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.

A) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes
B) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane
C) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time
D) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized into functional amino acids