Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Increases blood pressure.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Short preganglionic,long postganglionic fibers.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Myelin sheath.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Decreases heart rate.

Question 6

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of an ANS preganglionic neuron.

Question 7

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of an ANS postganglionic neuron.

Question 8

Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar,but visceral reflex arcs lack afferent fibers (visceral sensory neurons).

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye,which makes the lens bulge for close vision.

Question 10

The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Collateral ganglia.

Question 13

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of a somatic motor neuron.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Maintenance functions.

Question 15

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

Question 16

The sympathetic division innervates more organs than the parasympathetic division.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Active after you have eaten a meal.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands.

Question 21

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

Question 22

The facial (VII),glossopharyngeal (IX),and vagus (X)nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 23

Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons.

Question 24

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.

Question 25

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 26

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Question 27

The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors)is to decrease blood pressure.

Question 28

Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood,producing a "surge of adrenaline."

Question 29

The effect of the parasympathetic division on the penis is vasodilation causing erection,while ejaculation is due to sympathetic stimulation.

Question 30

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia,containing the cell bodies of motor neurons.

Question 31

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons,all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Question 32

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

Question 33

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles,skeletal muscles and glands,whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

Question 34

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.

Question 35

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition,depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Question 36

The adrenal medulla is considered by some to be a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion since embryologically,they arise from the same tissue.

Question 37

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.

Question 38

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Question 39

All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.

Question 40

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Question 41

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) weak dilation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles during exercise
B) increase of heart rate and force
C) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D) constriction of most blood vessels

Question 42

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.

Question 43

Cranial nerves III (oculomotor),VII (facial),and IX (glossopharyngeal)supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however,only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 44

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.

A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic division
C) cerebrum
D) sympathetic division

Question 45

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerves ________.

A) VII (facial)
B) XII (hypoglossal)
C) V (trigeminal)
D) X (vagus)

Question 46

Albuterol (Ventolin)binds to β₂ receptors and is used by asthma patients to dilate the bronchioles of the lungs and ease breathing.

Question 47

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.

A) submandibular ganglion
B) ciliary ganglion
C) pterygopalatine ganglion
D) otic ganglion

Question 48

β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.

Question 49

The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.

Question 50

Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum.

Question 51

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A) most glands
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) skeletal muscle

Question 52

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other and lack any functional overlap.

Question 53

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

A) all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)
B) adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
C) sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
D) all parasympathetic target organs

Question 54

Control of temperature,endocrine activity,and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A) thalamus
B) medulla
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 55

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) their effectors
B) target organ responses to their neurotransmitters
C) regulation of activity by higher brain centers
D) their efferent pathways and ganglia

Question 56

The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine.

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?

A) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
B) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
C) general visceral motor system
D) involuntary nervous system

Question 58

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers,the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic,meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together.

Question 59

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

A) parasympathetic division
B) somatic division
C) peripheral division
D) sympathetic division

Question 60

Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Question 61

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

A) first coccyx
B) third lumbar
C) first thoracic
D) second cervical

Question 62

Autonomic dysreflexia ________.

A) usually precedes spinal shock
B) results from over-excitatory input from the cortex
C) is also known as autonomic areflexia
D) involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons

Question 63

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

A) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
B) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
C) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
D) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Question 64

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

A) regulation of pupil size
B) regulation of respiratory rate
C) regulation of body temperature
D) regulation of cardiac rate

Question 65

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

A) the cell bodies of motor neurons
B) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
C) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons

Question 66

Drugs called beta-blockers ________.

A) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B) have widespread sympathetic effects
C) increase a dangerously low heart rate
D) are potent antidepressants

Question 67

The parasympathetic tone ________.

A) causes blood pressure to rise
B) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
C) accelerates activity of the digestive tract
D) determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Question 68

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion,it can do all of the following EXCEPT?

A) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
B) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
C) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
D) synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) elimination of urine
B) salivation
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) dilation of the pupils

Question 70

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

A) alpha 1
B) beta 1
C) beta 2
D) beta 3

Question 71

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

A) preganglionic fibers are short
B) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
C) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
D) preganglionic fibers are long

Question 72

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

A) oculomotor (III)
B) abducens (VI)
C) optic (II)
D) trochlear (IV)

Question 73

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
B) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
C) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
D) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served.

Question 74

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata

Question 75

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C) those that synapse with somatic fibers
D) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered

Question 76

Erection (vasodilation)of the penis or clitoris ________.

A) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
B) is primarily under sympathetic control
C) is primarily under parasympathetic control
D) depends very little on autonomic activation

Question 77

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called ________.

A) gray rami communicantes
B) splanchnic nerves
C) white rami communicantes
D) spinal nerves

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X)nerve?

A) pulmonary
B) esophageal
C) cardiac
D) inferior hypogastric

Question 79

Raynaud's disease ________.

A) is frequently life threatening
B) is induced by heat stress
C) occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
D) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

Question 80

Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?

A) unpaired, anterior to spinal cord
B) within wall of organ served or close to organ
C) paired, beside spinal cord
D) within spinal cord