Deck 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
Red fibers,the smallest of the fiber types.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C
E) B
Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
Depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C
E) B
Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Maximal stimulus
C) Wave summation
D) Muscle tone
E) Multiple motor unit summation
The stimulus above which no stronger contraction can be elicited,because all motor units are firing in the muscle.

Question 6

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

A) E
B) A
C) D
D) C
E) B
I band.

Question 7

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C
E) B
Individual muscle fiber.

Question 8

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Maximal stimulus
C) Wave summation
D) Muscle tone
E) Multiple motor unit summation
Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction.

Question 10

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
A relatively high percentage are found in successful marathon runners.

Question 11

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C
E) B
Bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium.

Question 12

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

A) E
B) A
C) D
D) C
E) B
H zone.

Question 13

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C
E) B
Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
Contain abundant amounts of glycogen.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Maximal stimulus
C) Wave summation
D) Muscle tone
E) Multiple motor unit summation
The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs.

Question 16

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

A) E
B) A
C) D
D) C
E) B
Z disc.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
C) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
Abundant in muscles used to maintain posture.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Maximal stimulus
C) Wave summation
D) Muscle tone
E) Multiple motor unit summation
Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest.

Question 19

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

A) E
B) A
C) D
D) C
E) B
M line.

Question 20

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

A) E
B) A
C) D
D) C
E) B
A band.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) A band
B) Z discs
C) I band
D) Myosin
The ________ contains only the actin filaments.

Question 22

The thin filaments (actin)contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment.

Question 23

Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group.A reserve high-energy compound.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
The final chemical messenger and "trigger" for muscle contraction.It binds to troponin.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) A band
B) Z discs
C) I band
D) Myosin
The myosin filaments are located in the ________.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
It diffuses across the cell membrane resulting in depolarization.

Question 28

The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitment.

Question 29

Once a motor neuron has fired,all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.

Question 30

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Direct phosphorylation
B) Anaerobic pathway
C) Aerobic pathway
25 meter swim.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
Activates synaptic vesicles in axon terminals to fuse with plasma membrane of axon terminal.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals.

Question 33

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) A band
B) Z discs
C) I band
D) Myosin
Both actin and myosin are found in the ________.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) A band
B) Z discs
C) I band
D) Myosin
The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Maximal stimulus
C) Wave summation
D) Muscle tone
E) Multiple motor unit summation
How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) A band
B) Z discs
C) I band
D) Myosin
A sarcomere is the distance between two ________.

Question 38

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Direct phosphorylation
B) Anaerobic pathway
C) Aerobic pathway
Weight lifting.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Calcium ions
D) Acetylcholine
E) Creatine phosphate
Breaks down ACh into its building blocks,rendering it ineffective.

Question 40

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Direct phosphorylation
B) Anaerobic pathway
C) Aerobic pathway
Marathons.

Question 41

Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

A) large motor units with small, highly excitable neurons
B) motor units with the longest muscle fibers
C) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
D) motor units with larger, less excitable neurons

Question 42

Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?

A) no muscle can regenerate
B) smooth
C) skeletal
D) cardiac

Question 43

When a muscle fiber contracts,the I bands diminish in size,the H zones disappear,and the A bands do not diminish in length.

Question 44

Which of the following is a factor that affects the velocity and duration of muscle contraction?

A) number of muscle fibers stimulated
B) muscle length
C) size of the muscle fibers stimulated
D) load on the fiber

Question 45

Smooth muscles relax when intracellular Ca²⁺ levels drop but may not cease contractions.

Question 46

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

A) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
B) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads.
C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.
D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.

Question 47

Although there are no sarcomeres,smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments.

Question 48

Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak,involuntary contractions of its motor units.

Question 49

One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.

Question 50

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.

Question 51

Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle.

Question 52

Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the intestine.

Question 53

Cardiac muscle has a limited regenerative capacity.

Question 54

An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments.When the level of calcium ions declines,sliding stops.

Question 55

Muscle cells store more creatine phosphate than ATP resulting in the muscle having a reserve source of energy.

Question 56

A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.

Question 57

Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached.

Question 58

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric contraction.

Question 59

During isometric contraction,the energy used appears as movement.

Question 60

Myoglobin ________.

A) breaks down glycogen
B) is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP
C) produces the end plate potential
D) stores oxygen in muscle cells

Question 61

What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?

A) intermediate filament network
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) myofibrillar network

Question 62

Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?

A) epimysium
B) endomysium
C) fascicle
D) perimysium

Question 63

What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?

A) the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used
B) the amount of oxygen equal to the oxygen already used
C) the amount of oxygen taken into the body immediately after the exertion
D) amount of oxygen needed for aerobic activity to accomplish the same amount of work

Question 64

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?

A) a myofibril
B) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) a sarcomere
D) a myofilament

Question 65

In an isotonic contraction,the muscle ________.

A) never converts pyruvate to lactate
B) changes in length and moves the "load"
C) does not change in length but increases tension
D) rapidly resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP

Question 66

Which of the following describes the cells of unitary smooth muscle?

A) They exhibit spontaneous action potentials.
B) They are used for vision and hair raising.
C) They depend upon recruitment using the autonomic nervous system.
D) They consist of muscle fibers that are structurally independent of each other.

Question 67

When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily,it is in which of the following periods?

A) latent period
B) refractory period
C) fatigue period
D) relaxation period

Question 68

What is the primary function of wave summation?

A) increase muscle tension
B) prevent muscle relaxation
C) prevent muscle fatigue
D) produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Cardiac muscle cells have many nuclei.
B) Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.
C) Smooth muscle cells have T tubules.
D) Cardiac muscle cells are found in the heart and large blood vessels.

Question 70

Rigor mortis occurs because ________.

A) no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
B) proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions
C) the cells are dead
D) sodium ions leak into the muscle causing continued contractions

Question 71

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by ________.

A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
B) forming a chemical compound with actin
C) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
D) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments

Question 72

Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except ________.

A) there are more thick filaments than thin filaments
B) there are no sarcomeres
C) it appears to lack troponin
D) there are noncontractile intermediate filaments that attach to dense bodies within the cell

Question 73

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?

A) muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilaments
B) motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
C) neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke
D) neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke

Question 74

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________.

A) hemoglobin
B) immunoglobin
C) ATP
D) myoglobin

Question 75

The contractile units of skeletal muscles are ________.

A) microtubules
B) myofibrils
C) mitochondria
D) T tubules

Question 76

The mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that ________.

A) ATP energizes the sliding process
B) the site of calcium regulation differs
C) the trigger for contraction is a rise in intracellular calcium
D) actin and myosin interact by the sliding filament mechanism

Question 77

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.

A) excitability
B) extensibility
C) contractility
D) secretion

Question 78

What is the functional role of the T tubules?

A) synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction
B) enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction
C) stabilize the G and F actin
D) hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle

Question 79

Which of the following is true about smooth muscle?

A) Certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers.
B) Smooth muscle has well-developed T tubules at the site of invagination.
C) Smooth muscle, in contrast to skeletal muscle, cannot synthesize or secrete any connective tissue elements.
D) Smooth muscle cannot stretch as much as skeletal muscle.

Question 80

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis,diffuses across the synaptic cleft,and binds to its receptors.

A) relaxation
B) refractory
C) latent
D) contraction