Deck 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Comminuted
C) Spiral
Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 2.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Answer 2

Long

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Lamellae
B) Osteoblasts
C) Endosteum
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts
Layers of bone matrix.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Paget's disease
B) Osteoporosis
C) Osteomalacia
Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Comminuted
C) Spiral
Bone fragments into many pieces.

Question 6

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 4.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 7

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 5.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 8

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 1.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 9

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) C
D) B
Location of the epiphyseal line.

Question 10

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 7.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 11

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) C
D) B
Epiphysis of the bone.

Question 12

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 6.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 13

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) C
D) B
Area where yellow marrow is found.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Comminuted
C) Spiral
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts.Common in children.

Question 15

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:


-Bone 3.

A)Irregular
B)Flat
C)Sesamoid
D)Short
E)Long

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Paget's disease
B) Osteoporosis
C) Osteomalacia
Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft.Deforms on weight bearing.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Lamellae
B) Osteoblasts
C) Endosteum
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.

Question 18

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) C
D) B
Compact bone.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Paget's disease
B) Osteoporosis
C) Osteomalacia
Bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Lamellae
B) Osteoblasts
C) Endosteum
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts
The lining of the marrow cavity.

Question 21

In newborn infants,the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow.

Question 22

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Spine
B) Trochanter
C) Facet
D) Foramen
E) Ramus
Smooth,nearly flat articular surface.

Question 25

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
Bone develops from a fibrous membrane.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Spine
B) Trochanter
C) Facet
D) Foramen
E) Ramus
Armlike bar of bone.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Lamellae
B) Osteoblasts
C) Endosteum
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.

Question 29

Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.

Question 30

Match the following:

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.

Question 31

Short,irregular,and flat bones have medullary cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Lamellae
B) Osteoblasts
C) Endosteum
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts
Cells that can build bony matrix.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Spine
B) Trochanter
C) Facet
D) Foramen
E) Ramus
Round or oval opening through a bone.

Question 34

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon)resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.

Question 35

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Spine
B) Trochanter
C) Facet
D) Foramen
E) Ramus
Very large,blunt,irregularly shaped process.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Spine
B) Trochanter
C) Facet
D) Foramen
E) Ramus
Sharp,slender,often pointed projection.

Question 39

Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.

Question 40

Match the following:

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Chondrocytes
E) Epiphyseal plate
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.

Question 41

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

A) epiphyseal line
B) lacuna
C) epiphyseal plate
D) osteon

Question 42

The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.

Question 43

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.

A) is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation
B) involves medullary cavity formation
C) takes twice as long as diaphysis ossification
D) is produced by secondary ossification centers

Question 44

Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.

Question 45

Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?

A) estrogen deficiency due to menopause
B) heritage such as African or Mediterranean
C) poor posture
D) abnormal PTH receptors

Question 46

The structure of bone tissue suits the function.Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

A) spongy bone
B) irregular bone
C) trabecular bone
D) compact bone

Question 47

Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.

Question 48

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

A) osteocyte
B) chondrocyte
C) osteoclast
D) osteoblast

Question 49

Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.

Question 50

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A) the osteon
B) lamellar bone
C) osseous matrix
D) spongy bone

Question 51

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

A) calcium
B) growth hormone
C) thyroid hormone
D) parathyroid hormone

Question 52

The term diploë refers to the ________.

A) internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
B) fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue
C) two types of marrow found within most bones
D) double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone

Question 53

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

A) metaphysis
B) articular cartilage
C) diaphysis
D) epiphysis

Question 54

An osteon contains osteocytes,lamellae,and a central canal,and is found in compact bone only.

Question 55

All bones stop growing by the end of adolescence.

Question 56

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

A) decreased osteoclast activity
B) decreased epiphyseal plate activity
C) increased osteoclast activity
D) inadequate calcification of bone

Question 57

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

A) production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
B) communication
C) storage of minerals
D) support

Question 58

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

A) Sharpey's fibers
B) elastic tissue
C) fat
D) blood-forming cells

Question 59

The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is calcitonin.

Question 60

Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.

Question 61

For intramembranous ossification to take place,which of the following is necessary?

A) Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
B) A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.
C) A medullary cavity forms.
D) The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate.

Question 62

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

A) early adulthood
B) at birth
C) early childhood
D) late adulthood

Question 63

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

A) thigh bone of an elderly individual
B) finger bone of a young individual
C) thigh bone of a young individual
D) finger bone of an elderly individual

Question 64

Ossification (Osteogenesis)is the process of ________.

A) making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage
B) bone formation
C) bone destruction to liberate calcium
D) making a cartilage model of the fetal bone

Question 65

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

A) Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage.
B) Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
C) Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones.
D) Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.

Question 66

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________.

A) potassium and vitamin D
B) vitamin D and chloride
C) calcium, and vitamin E
D) calcium and vitamin D

Question 67

In humans,the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.

A) increase blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoblasts
B) increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts
C) temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
D) decrease mitosis of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal plate

Question 68

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________.

A) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
B) Volkmann's canals
C) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
D) the struts of bone known as spicules

Question 69

Cranial bones develop ________.

A) from a tendon
B) within osseous membranes
C) within fibrous membranes
D) from cartilage models

Question 70

Spongy bone contains ________.

A) lamellar bone
B) osteons
C) trabeculae
D) osseous lamellae

Question 71

Cartilage grows in two ways,appositional and interstitial.What is appositional growth?

A) the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
B) the lengthening of hyaline cartilage
C) along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger
D) growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 72

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early.What might be the cause?

A) elevated levels of sex hormones
B) too much vitamin D in the diet
C) overproduction of thyroid hormone
D) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity

Question 73

Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

A) the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
B) vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
C) the function of bone being dependent on shape
D) the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts

Question 74

Lengthwise,long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

A) calcification of the matrix of the zone underlying articular cartilage
B) interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
C) differentiation of osteoclasts into osteocytes
D) the secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity

Question 75

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones.Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

A) parathyroid hormone
B) growth hormone
C) calcitonin
D) thyroid hormones

Question 76

The central (Haversian)canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.

A) blood vessels and nerve fibers
B) yellow marrow and spicules
C) cartilage and interstitial lamellae
D) adipose tissue and nerve fibers

Question 77

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down)for various reasons.Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

A) osteoblast
B) stem cell
C) osteoclast
D) osteocyte

Question 78

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum.The inner (osteogenic)layer consists primarily of ________.

A) osteogenic cells
B) chondrocytes and osteocytes
C) dense irregular connective tissue
D) cartilage and compact bone

Question 79

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.

A) closing of the epiphyseal plate
B) appositional growth
C) epiphyseal plate closure
D) concentric growth

Question 80

The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following?

A) presence of osteoblasts in the bone
B) amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone
C) amount of mineral salts in the bone
D) sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules