Deck 7: Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Question 1

Who proposed a model that successfully explained the photoelectric effect?

A)Planck
B)Einstein
C)Compton
D)Rydberg
E)Bohr

Answer 1

Einstein

Question 2

The AM station KBOR plays your favorite music from the 20s and 30s at 1290 kHz.Find the wavelength of these waves.

A)4.30 $\times$ 10^-2 m
B)0.144 m
C)6.94 m
D)232 m
E)> 10³ m

Answer 2

232 m

Question 3

Who developed an empirical equation from which the wavelengths of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen atoms can be calculated?

A)Planck
B)de Broglie
C)Bohr
D)Rutherford
E)Rydberg

Answer 3

Rydberg

Question 4

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest wavelength and increases to greatest wavelength.

A)radio,infrared,ultraviolet,gamma rays
B)radio,ultraviolet,infrared,gamma rays
C)gamma rays,radio,ultraviolet,infrared
D)gamma rays,infrared,radio,ultraviolet
E)gamma rays,ultraviolet,infrared,radio

Question 5

Which word best describes the phenomenon which gives rise to a rainbow?

A)reflection
B)dispersion
C)diffraction
D)interference
E)deflection

Question 6

The FM station KDUL broadcasts music at 99.1 MHz.Find the wavelength of these waves.

A)1.88 $\times$ 10^-2 m
B)0.330 m
C)3.03 m
D)5.33 $\times$ 10² m
E)> 10³ m

Question 7

Who was the first scientist to propose that an object could emit only certain amounts of energy?

A)Planck
B)Einstein
C)Bohr
D)Rydberg
E)de Broglie

Question 8

Interference of light waves

A)separates light into its component colors.
B)creates a pattern of light and dark regions.
C)focuses a broad beam of light into a point.
D)bends light as it passes the edge of an object.
E)creates a laser beam.

Question 9

A radio wave has a frequency of 8.6 $\times$ 10⁸ Hz.What is the energy of one photon of this radiation?

A)7.7 $\times$ 10^-43 J
B)2.3 $\times$ 10^-34 J
C)5.7 $\times$ 10^-25 J
D)1.7 $\times$ 10^-16 J
E)> 10^-15 J

Question 10

Who proposed the principle which states that one cannot simultaneously know the exact position and velocity of a particle?

A)Einstein
B)Planck
C)Heisenberg
D)Compton
E)de Broglie

Question 11

An infrared wave has a wavelength of 6.5 $\times$ 10^-4 cm.What is this distance in angstroms,Å?

A)6.5 $\times$ 10^-4 Å
B)2.2 $\times$ 10^-4 Å
C)4.6 $\times$ 10³ Å
D)6.5 $\times$ 10⁴ Å
E)6.5 $\times$ 10⁶ Å

Question 12

Contact lenses can focus light due to the ___________ of the waves.

A)diffraction
B)reflection
C)refraction
D)dispersion
E)interference

Question 13

Who was the first scientist to propose that the atom had a dense nucleus which occupied only a small fraction of the volume of the atom?

A)Planck
B)Bohr
C)Rydberg
D)Rutherford
E)Thomson

Question 14

Which scientist demonstrated that photons transferred momentum during collisions with matter?

A)Bohr
B)de Broglie
C)Planck
D)Compton
E)Billiard

Question 15

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases to greatest energy.

A)radio,infrared,ultraviolet,gamma rays
B)radio,ultraviolet,infrared,gamma rays
C)gamma rays,infrared,radio,ultraviolet
D)gamma rays,ultraviolet,infrared,radio
E)infrared,ultraviolet,radio,gamma rays

Question 16

Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases to greatest energy.

A)radio,visible,infrared,ultraviolet
B)infrared,visible,ultraviolet,microwave
C)visible,ultraviolet,infrared,gamma rays
D)X-radiation,visible,infrared,microwave
E)microwave,infrared,visible,ultraviolet

Question 17

The interference pattern seen when light passes through narrow,closely spaced slits,is due to

A)diffraction.
B)reflection.
C)refraction.
D)dispersion.
E)deflection.

Question 18

Which scientist first proposed that particles of matter could have wave properties?

A)Einstein
B)Planck
C)de Broglie
D)Compton
E)Heisenberg

Question 19

Electromagnetic radiation of 500 nm wavelength lies in the ________ region of the spectrum.

A)infrared
B)visible
C)ultraviolet
D)X-ray
E)( $\gamma$ -ray)

Question 20

Which scientist first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies?

A)Planck
B)Einstein
C)Bohr
D)Rydberg
E)Heisenberg

Question 21

An electron in the n = 6 level emits a photon with a wavelength of 410.2 nm.To what energy level does the electron move?

A)n = 1
B)n = 2
C)n = 3
D)n = 4
E)n = 5

Question 22

According to the Rydberg equation,the longest wavelength (in nm)in the series of H-atom lines with
N₁ = 3 is

A)1875 nm
B)1458 nm
C)820 nm
D)656 nm
E)365 nm

Question 23

A sprinter must average 24.0 mi/h to win a 100-m dash in 9.30 s.What is his wavelength at this speed if his mass is 84.5 kg?

A)7.29 $\times$ 10^-37 m
B)3.26 $\times$ 10^-37 m
C)5.08 $\times$ 10^-30 m
D)1.34 $\times$ 10^-30 m
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 24

Green light has a wavelength of 5200 Å.Calculate the energy of one photon of green light.

A)3.4 $\times$ 10^-40 J
B)3.4 $\times$ 10^-30 J
C)3.8 $\times$ 10^-29 J
D)3.4 $\times$ 10^-27 J
E)3.8 $\times$ 10^-19 J

Question 25

Consider the following adjectives used to describe types of spectrum:
Continuous line atomic emission absorption
How many of them are appropriate to describe the spectrum of radiation given off by a black body?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 26

The Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom predicts the energy difference (in J)between the n = 3 and the n = 5 state to be

A)8.72 $\times$ 10^-20 J
B)1.36 $\times$ 10^-19 J
C)2.42 $\times$ 10^-19 J
D)1.55 $\times$ 10^-19 J
E)1.09 $\times$ 10^-18 J

Question 27

Infrared radiation from the sun has a wavelength of 6200 nm.Calculate the energy of one photon of that radiation.

A)4.l $\times$ 10^-39 J
B)4.l $\times$ 10^-30 J
C)3.2 $\times$ 10^-29 J
D)3.2 $\times$ 10^-26 J
E)between 10^-20 and 10^-19 J

Question 28

The de Broglie equation predicts that the wavelength (in m)of a proton moving at 1000.m/s is

A)3.96 $\times$ 10^-10 m
B)3.96 $\times$ 10^-7 m
C)2.52 $\times$ 10⁶ m
D)2.52 $\times$ 10⁹ m
E)> 10¹⁰ m

Question 29

According to the Rydberg equation,the line with the shortest wavelength in the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen is predicted to lie at a wavelength (in nm)of

A)91.2 nm
B)1.10 $\times$ 10^-2 nm
C)1.10 $\times$ 10² nm
D)1.10 $\times$ 10¹⁶ nm
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 30

For potassium metal,the work function $\phi$ (the minimum energy needed to eject an electron from the metal surface)is 3.68 $\times$ 10^-19 J.Which is the longest wavelength of the following which could excite photoelectrons?

A)550.nm
B)500.nm
C)450.nm
D)400.nm
E)350.nm

Question 31

According to the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom,the minimum energy (in J)needed to ionize a hydrogen atom from the n = 2 state is

A)2.18 $\times$ 10^-18 J
B)1.64 $\times$ 10^-18 J
C)5.45 $\times$ 10^-19 J
D)3.03 $\times$ 10^-19 J
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 32

A photon has an energy of 5.53 $\times$ 10^-17 J.What is its frequency in s^-1?

A)3.66 $\times$ 10^-50 s^-1
B)1.20 $\times$ 10^-17 s^-1
C)3.59 $\times$ 10^-9 s^-1
D)2.78 $\times$ 10⁸ s^-1
E)8.35 $\times$ 10¹⁶ s^-1

Question 33

The size of an atomic orbital is associated with

A)the principal quantum number (n).
B)the angular momentum quantum number (l).
C)the magnetic quantum number (m_l).
D)the spin quantum number (m_s).
E)the angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers,together.

Question 34

The orientation in space of an atomic orbital is associated with

A)the principal quantum number (n).
B)the angular momentum quantum number (l).
C)the magnetic quantum number (m_l).
D)the spin quantum number (m_s).
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 35

Consider the following adjectives used to describe types of spectrum:
Continuous line atomic emission absorption
How many of them are appropriate to describe the spectrum of radiation absorbed by a sample of mercury vapor?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 36

Platinum,which is widely used as a catalyst,has a work function $\phi$ (the minimum energy needed to eject an electron from the metal surface)of 9.05 $\times$ 10^-19 J.What is the longest wavelength of light which will cause electrons to be emitted?

A)2.196 $\times$ 10^-7 m
B)4.553 $\times$ 10^-6 m
C)5.654 $\times$ 10² m
D)1.370 $\times$ 10¹⁵ m
E)> 10⁶ m

Question 37

Use the Rydberg equation to calculate the frequency of a photon absorbed when the hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from n₁ = 2 to n₂ = 4.(R = 1.096776 $\times$ 10⁷ m^-1)

A)2.056 $\times$ 10⁶ s^-1
B)2.742 $\times$ 10⁶ s^-1
C)6.165 $\times$ 10¹⁴ s^-1
D)8.226 $\times$ 10¹⁴ s^-1
E)> 10¹⁵ s^-1

Question 38

Line spectra from all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum,including the Paschen series of infrared lines for hydrogen,are used by astronomers to identify elements present in the atmospheres of stars.Calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted when the hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from n = 5 to n = 3.(R = 1.096776 $\times$ 10⁷ m^-1)

A)205.1 nm
B)384.6 nm
C)683.8 nm
D)1282 nm
E)> 1500 nm

Question 39

The shape of an atomic orbital is associated with

A)the principal quantum number (n).
B)the angular momentum quantum number (l).
C)the magnetic quantum number (m_l).
D)the spin quantum number (m_s).
E)the magnetic and spin quantum numbers,together.

Question 40

If the energy of a photon is 1.32 $\times$ 10^-18 J,what is its wavelength in nm?

A)1.50 $\times$ 10^-7 nm
B)150.nm
C)1.99 $\times$ 10¹⁵ nm
D)1.99 $\times$ 10²⁴ nm
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 41

In the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom,which one of the following combinations of quantum numbers is not allowed?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 42

Atomic orbitals developed using quantum mechanics

A)describe regions of space in which one is most likely to find an electron.
B)describe exact paths for electron motion.
C)give a description of the atomic structure which is essentially the same as the Bohr model.
D)allow scientists to calculate an exact volume for the hydrogen atom.
E)are in conflict with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

Question 43

Use the Rydberg equation to calculate the wavelength,in nm,of the least energetic (longest wavelength)line in the visible series (n₁ = 2)of the spectrum of atomic hydrogen.

Question 44

Use the Bohr equation to calculate the energy of
a.the largest energy absorption or emission process involving the n = 2 state of the hydrogen atom.
b.the smallest energy absorption or emission process involving the n = 2 state of the hydrogen atom.

Question 45

a.Use the Bohr equation to calculate the energy needed to ionize a hydrogen atom from its ground state.
b.What is the minimum wavelength of a photon needed for it to have the energy needed in (a)?

Question 46

What are the possible values for the following quantum numbers in an atom?
a.n
b.l
c.m_l

Question 47

Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers can correctly represent a 3p orbital?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 48

a.Calculate the wavelength in nm of a photon whose energy is 6.00 $\times$ 10^-19 J.
b.Would the photon in (a)have enough energy to ionize a hydrogen atom in its ground state (i.e. ,to separate the proton and electron completely)? Use the Bohr equation to explain your answer.

Question 49

What is the speed of an electron in m/s if its wavelength is 0.155 nm?

Question 50

a.What is the frequency of microwave radiation which has a wavelength of 10.7 cm?
b.What is the energy of one photon of this radiation?

Question 51

For the following equations,
a.name the scientist to whom the equation is attributed.
b.in not more than three lines,explain clearly what the equation means or represents.

Question 52

Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 3d orbital?

A)n = 3,l = 0,m_l = -1
B)n = 3,l = 1,m_l = +3
C)n = 3,l = 2,m_l = 3
D)n = 3,l = 3,m_l = +2
E)n = 3,l = 2,m_l = -2

Question 53

The following combinations of quantum numbers are not allowed.Correct each set by changing only one quantum number,and write in an appropriate corrected value.

Question 54

The energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom is determined by

A)the principal quantum number (n)only.
B)the angular momentum quantum number (l )only.
C)the principal and angular momentum quantum numbers (n & l ).
D)the principal and magnetic quantum numbers (n & m_l).
E)the principal,angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers.

Question 55

In not more than three lines for each answer,briefly outline one important scientific contribution of each of the following.
a.Planck
b.de Broglie
c.Heisenberg

Question 56

a.Use Bohr's equation to calculate how much energy (in J)is needed to promote an electron from the H-atom ground state to the n = 4 level.
b.If a photon provides the energy in (a),what is its wavelength in nm?

Question 57

Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 5f orbital?

A)n = 5,l = 3,m_l = +1
B)n = 5,l = 2,m_l = +3
C)n = 4,l = 3,m_l = 0
D)n = 4,l = 2,m_l = +1
E)n = 5,l = 4,m_l = 3

Question 58

a.Calculate the momentum of a photon of green light,wavelength 515 nm.
b.If this photon is traveling in a vacuum,what is its "mass"?

Question 59

In the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom,the functions $\varPsi$ and $\varPsi$ ² both feature prominently.Briefly explain (in principle)how they are obtained and what,if anything,their physical meanings are.

Question 60

Explain the context and meanings of the terms "orbit" and "orbital",making a clear distinction between them.

Question 61

The Rydberg equation is an example of an empirical equation.

Question 62

For the following orbitals,state the values of n,l and m_l which apply,and draw a sketch showing the shape and orientation of the orbital.
a.3s
b.2p_x

Question 63

The Rydberg equation,giving the wavelengths of lines in the spectrum of the hydrogen atom,was obtained by assuming that energy is quantized.

Question 64

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the wavelength of the radiation.

Question 65

In the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom,the energy depends on the principal quantum number n but not on the values of l or m_l.

Question 66

In the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom,the probability of finding an electron at any point is proportional to the wave function $\varPsi$ .

Question 67

Other factors being constant,a heavy object will have a longer de Broglie wavelength than a light object.

Question 68

In the Rydberg equation,for a fixed value of n₁,the longest wavelength line has n₂ = $\infty$

Question 69

Continuous spectra are characteristic of molecules in the gas phase.

Question 70

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom,the electron moves in a circular path which Bohr referred to as an orbital.

Question 71

Line spectra are characteristic of atoms in the gas phase.

Question 72

Continuous spectra are characteristic of heated solids.