Deck 2: The Components of Matter

Question 1

Which of the following elements are the least reactive?

A)alkali metals
B)noble gases
C)halogens
D)alkaline earth metals
E)metalloids

Answer 1

noble gases

Question 2

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature.Consider the isotope bromine-81,
.Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number,neutron number,and mass number,respectively.

A)35,46,81
B)35,81,46
C)81,46,35
D)46,81,35
E)35,81,116

Answer 2

35,46,81

Question 3

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Answer 3

Rutherford

Question 4

Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Question 5

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)carbon,C,Z = 6
B)sulfur,S,Z = 16
C)germanium,Ge,Z = 32
D)iridium,Z = 77
E)bromine,Br,Z = 35

Question 6

Millikan's oil-drop experiment

A)established the charge on an electron.
B)showed that all oil drops carried the same charge.
C)provided support for the nuclear model of the atom.
D)suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons.
E)suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

Question 7

J.J.Thomson studied cathode ray particles (electrons)and was able to measure the mass/charge ratio.His results showed that

A)the mass/charge ratio varied as the cathode material was changed.
B)the charge was always a whole-number multiple of some minimum charge.
C)matter included particles much smaller than the atom.
D)atoms contained dense areas of positive charge.
E)atoms are largely empty space.

Question 8

Atoms X,Y,Z,and R have the following nuclear compositions:
Which two are isotopes?

A)X & Y
B)X & R
C)Y & R
D)Z & R
E)X & Z

Question 9

A column of the periodic table is called a

A)group
B)period
C)isotopic mixture
D)pillar
E)shell

Question 10

Compound 1 has a composition of 46.7 mass % of element A and 53.3 mass % of element B.A and B also form a second binary compound (compound 2).If the compositions of the two compounds are consistent with the law of multiple proportions,which of the following compositions could be that of compound 2?

A)23.4 mass % A 76.6 mass % B
B)30.4 mass % A 69.6 mass % B
C)33.3 mass % A 66.7 mass % B
D)53.3 mass % A 46.7 mass % B
E)73.3 mass % A 26.7 mass % B

Question 11

A row of the periodic table is called a

A)group
B)period
C)isotopic mixture
D)family
E)subshell

Question 12

Silicon,which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass,is used widely in the modern electronics industry.It has three naturally occurring isotopes,²⁸Si,²⁹Si,and ³⁰Si.Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.

A)29.2252 amu
B)28.9757 amu
C)28.7260 amu
D)28.0855 amu
E)27.9801 amu

Question 13

Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Question 14

Which of the following is a non-metal?

A)lithium,Li,Z = 3
B)bromine,Br,Z = 35
C)mercury,Hg,Z = 80
D)bismuth,Bi,Z = 83
E)sodium,Na,Z = 11

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A)Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.
B)The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C)The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D)A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E)An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 16

Which of the following is a metal?

A)nitrogen,N,Z = 7
B)phosphorus,P,Z = 15
C)arsenic,Z = 33
D)thallium,Tl,Z = 81
E)silicon,Si,Z = 14

Question 17

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and in high-temperature lubricants.It has two naturally occurring isotopes,⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015121 amu)and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016003 amu).Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9409 amu.What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A)92.50%
B)86.66%
C)46.16%
D)7.503%
E)6.080%

Question 18

Kaolinite,a clay mineral with the formula Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈,is used as a filler in slick-paper for magazines and as a raw material for ceramics.Analysis shows that 14.35 g of kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen.Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in kaolinite.

A)1.792 mass %
B)24.80 mass %
C)30.81 mass %
D)34.12 mass %
E)55.81 mass %

Question 19

In a Millikan oil-drop experiment,the charges on several different oil drops were as follows: -5.92;-4.44;-2.96;-8.88.The units are arbitrary.What is the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units?

A)-1.11
B)-1.48
C)-2.22
D)-2.96
E)-5.55

Question 20

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha ( $\alpha$ )particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected.Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms?

A)the small size of the nucleus
B)the charge on the nucleus
C)the total mass of the atom
D)the existence of protons
E)the presence of electrons outside the nucleus

Question 21

The substance,CaSe,is used in materials which are electron emitters.What is its name?

A)calcium monoselenide
B)calcium(II)selenide
C)calcium selenide
D)calcium(I)selenide
E)calcium(II)selenium

Question 22

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)NH₄⁺ ammonium
B)S^2- sulfide
C)CN^- cyanide
D)S₂O₃^2- thiosulfate
E)ClO₃^- perchlorate

Question 23

Barium fluoride is used in embalming and in glass manufacturing.Which of the following gives the formula and bonding for barium fluoride?

A)BaF₂,ionic compound
B)BaF₂,covalent compound
C)BaF,ionic compound
D)BaF,covalent compound
E)Ba₂F,ionic compound

Question 24

The compound,BaO,absorbs water and carbon dioxide readily and is used to dry gases and organic solvents.What is its name?

A)barium oxide
B)barium(II)oxide
C)barium monoxide
D)baric oxide
E)barium peroxide

Question 25

What is the name of Na₂O?

A)disodium monoxide
B)sodium monoxide
C)sodium dioxide
D)sodium(I)oxide
E)sodium oxide

Question 26

Sodium oxide combines violently with water.Which of the following gives the formula and the bonding for sodium oxide?

A)NaO,ionic compound
B)NaO,covalent compound
C)Na₂O,ionic compound
D)Na₂O,covalent compound
E)Na₂O₂,ionic compound

Question 27

The colorless substance,MgF₂,is used in the ceramics and glass industry.What is its name?

A)magnesium difluoride
B)magnesium fluoride
C)magnesium(II)fluoride
D)monomagnesium difluoride
E)none of these choices is correct,since they are all misspelled

Question 28

Which of the following compounds is covalent?

A)CaCl₂
B)MgO
C)Al₂O₃
D)Cs₂S
E)PCl₃

Question 29

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

A)PF₃
B)CS₂
C)HCl
D)SO₂
E)MgCl₂

Question 30

A red glaze on porcelain can be produced by using MnSO₄.What is its name?

A)manganese disulfate
B)manganese(II)sulfate
C)manganese(IV)sulfate
D)manganese sulfate
E)manganese(I)sulfate

Question 31

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)Ba²⁺ barium
B)S^2- sulfate
C)CN^- cyanide
D)ClO₄^- perchlorate
E)HCO₃^- bicarbonate

Question 32

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)O^2- oxide
B)Cd²⁺ cadmium
C)ClO₃^- chlorate
D)HCO₃^- hydrogen carbonate
E)NO₂^- nitrate

Question 33

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A)N³⁺
B)S⁶⁺
C)O^2-
D)Ca⁺
E)Cl⁺

Question 34

The compound, (NH₄)₂S,can be used in analysis for trace amounts of metals present in a sample.What is its name?

A)ammonium sulfide
B)diammonium sulfide
C)ammonium sulfite
D)ammonia(I)sulfite
E)ammonium(I)sulfide

Question 35

The substance,CoCl₂,is useful as a humidity indicator because it changes from pale blue to pink as it gains water from moist air.What is its name?

A)cobalt dichloride
B)cobalt(II)chloride
C)cobalt chloride
D)cobaltic chloride
E)copper(II)chloride

Question 36

Which of the following is the empirical formula for hexane,C₆H₁₄?

A)C₁₂H₂₈
B)C₆H₁₄
C)C₃H₇
D)CH_2.3
E)C_0.43H

Question 37

The compound,NaH₂PO₄,is present in many baking powders.What is its name?

A)sodium biphosphate
B)sodium hydrogen phosphate
C)sodium dihydrogen phosphate
D)sodium hydrophosphate
E)sodium dihydride phosphate

Question 38

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A)P³⁺
B)Br⁷⁺
C)O⁶⁺
D)Ca²⁺
E)K^-

Question 39

The substance,KClO₃,is a strong oxidizer used in explosives,fireworks,and matches.What is its name?

A)potassium chlorite
B)potassium chloride
C)potassium(I)chlorite
D)potassium(I)chlorate
E)potassium chlorate

Question 40

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)O₂^- oxide
B)Al³⁺ aluminum
C)NO₃^- nitrate
D)PO₄^3- phosphate
E)CrO₄^2- chromate

Question 41

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A)NH₄Cl
B)Ba(OH)₂
C)Na₂SO₄
D)Ca₂NO₃
E)Cu(CN)₂

Question 42

What is the formula for lithium nitrite?

A)LiNO₂
B)Li₂NO₂
C)LiNO₃
D)Li₂NO₃
E)LiNO₄

Question 43

What is the formula for magnesium sulfide?

A)MgS
B)MgS₂
C)Mg₂S
D)Mg₂S₃
E)MgSO₄

Question 44

Silver chloride is used in photographic emulsions.What is its formula?

A)Ag₂Cl₃
B)Ag₂Cl
C)AgCl₃
D)AgCl₂
E)AgCl

Question 45

Ferric oxide is used as a pigment in metal polishing.Which of the following is its formula?

A)FeO
B)Fe₂O
C)FeO₃
D)Fe₂O₅
E)Fe₂O₃

Question 46

What is the name of PCl₃?

A)phosphorus chloride
B)phosphoric chloride
C)phosphorus trichlorate
D)trichlorophosphide
E)phosphorus trichloride

Question 47

The compound,P₄S₁₀,is used in the manufacture of safety matches.What is its name?

A)phosphorus sulfide
B)phosphoric sulfide
C)phosphorus decasulfide
D)tetraphosphorus decasulfide

Question 48

What is the name of the acid formed when H₂S gas is dissolved in water?

A)sulfuric acid
B)sulfurous acid
C)hydrosulfuric acid
D)hydrosulfurous acid
E)sulfidic acid

Question 49

Sodium peroxide is an oxidizer used to bleach animal and vegetable fibers.What is its formula?

A)NaO
B)NaO₂
C)Na₂O₂
D)Na₂O
E)NaH₂O₂

Question 50

What is the name of the acid formed when HBr gas is dissolved in water?

A)bromic acid
B)bromous acid
C)hydrobromic acid
D)hydrobromous acid
E)hydrobromidic acid

Question 51

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas is incorrect?

A)H₃PO₄ phosphoric acid
B)HNO₃ nitric acid
C)NaHCO₃ sodium carbonate
D)H₂CO₃ carbonic acid
E)KOH potassium hydroxide

Question 52

Barium sulfate is used in manufacturing photographic paper.What is its formula?

A)BaSO₄
B)Ba(SO₄)₂
C)Ba₂SO₄
D)Ba₂(SO₄)₃
E)BaSO₃

Question 53

What is the name of the acid formed when HClO₄ liquid is dissolved in water?

A)hydrochloric acid
B)perchloric acid
C)chloric acid
D)chlorous acid
E)hydrochlorate acid

Question 54

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A)CaCl₂
B)NaSO₄
C)MgCO₃
D)KF
E)Cu(NO₃)₂

Question 55

Zinc acetate is used in preserving wood and in manufacturing glazes for porcelain.What is its formula?

A)ZnAc₂
B)ZnCH₃COO
C)Zn(CH₃COO)₂
D)Zn₂CH₃COO
E)ZnCH₃COCH₃

Question 56

Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer that reacts explosively with easily oxidized materials.What is its formula?

A)KMnO₃
B)KMnO₄
C)K₂MnO₄
D)K(MnO₄)₂
E)K₂Mn₂O₇

Question 57

Calcium hydroxide is used in mortar,plaster and cement.What is its formula?

A)CaOH
B)CaOH₂
C)Ca₂OH
D)Ca(OH)₂
E)CaHO₂

Question 58

What is the formula for lead (II)oxide?

A)PbO
B)PbO₂
C)Pb₂O
D)PbO₄
E)Pb₂O₃

Question 59

Iron (III)chloride hexahydrate is used as a coagulant for sewage and industrial wastes.What is its formula?

A)Fe(Cl·6H₂O)₃
B)Fe₃Cl·6H₂O
C)FeCl₃(H₂O)₆
D)Fe₃Cl(H₂O)₆
E)FeCl₃·6H₂O

Question 60

What is the name of the acid formed when HCN gas is dissolved in water?

A)cyanic acid
B)hydrocyanic acid
C)cyanous acid
D)hydrocyanous acid
E)hydrogen cyanide

Question 61

Name the three important "laws" that were accounted for by Dalton's atomic theory.

Question 62

State the two important experimental results (and the names of the responsible scientists)which enabled the mass of the electron to be determined.

Question 63

Ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄,is a fertilizer widely used as a source of nitrogen.Calculate its molecular mass.

A)63.07 amu
B)114.l0 amu
C)118.13 amu
D)128.11 amu
E)132.13 amu

Question 64

Determine the molecular mass of iron (III)bromide hexahydrate,a substance used as a catalyst in organic reactions.

A)403.65 amu
B)355.54 amu
C)317.61 amu
D)313.57 amu
E)295.56 amu

Question 65

Fill in the blank spaces and write out all the symbols in the left hand column in full,in the form
(i.e. ,include the appropriate values of Z and A as well as the correct symbol X).

Question 66

What is the name of P₄Se₃?

A)phosphorus selenide
B)phosphorus triselenide
C)tetraphosphorus selenide
D)phosphoric selenide
E)tetraphosphorus triselenide

Question 67

The following charges on individual oil droplets were obtained during an experiment similar to Millikan's.Use them to determine a charge for the electron in coulombs (C),showing all your working.
Charges (C): -3.184 $\times$ 10^-19;-4.776 $\times$ 10^-19;-7.960 $\times$ 10^-19

Question 68

Iodine pentafluoride reacts slowly with glass and violently with water.Determine its molecular mass.

A)653.52 amu
B)259.89 amu
C)221.90 amu
D)202.90 amu
E)145.90 amu

Question 69

What is the name of IF₇?

A)iodine fluoride
B)iodic fluoride
C)iodine heptafluoride
D)heptafluoroiodide
E)heptafluorine iodide

Question 70

Diiodine pentaoxide is used as an oxidizing agent that converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.What is its chemical formula?

A)I₂O₅
B)IO₅
C)2IO₅
D)I₅O₂
E)(IO₅)₂

Question 71

For each of the following names,write down the corresponding formula,including charge where appropriate (atomic numbers and mass numbers are not required):
a.zinc ion
b.nitrite ion
c.carbonic acid
d.cyanide ion

Question 72

a.Give the names of the following ions:
(i)NH₄⁺
(ii)SO₃^2-
b.Write down the formulas of the following ions:
(i)aluminum
(ii)carbonate

Question 73

What is the name of BBr₃?

A)boron bromide
B)boric bromide
C)boron tribromide
D)tribromoboride
E)bromine triboride

Question 74

Chlorine dioxide is a strong oxidizer that is used for bleaching flour and textiles and for purification of water.What is its formula?

A)(ClO)₂
B)Cl₂O
C)Cl₂O₂
D)Cl₂O₄
E)ClO₂

Question 75

Dalton's atomic theory has required some modifications in the light of subsequent discoveries.For any two appropriate postulates of Dalton's atomic theory
a.state the postulate in its original form
b.In one sentence,describe why the postulate has needed modification.

Question 76

Give the common name of the group in the periodic table to which each of the following elements belongs:
a.Rb
b.Br
c.Ba
d.Ar

Question 77

For each of the following elements,indicate whether it is a metal,a non-metal or a metalloid:
a.S
b.Ge
c.Hg
d.H
e.I
f.Si

Question 78

Sodium chromate is used to protect iron from corrosion and rusting.Determine its molecular mass.

A)261.97 amu
B)238.98 amu
C)161.97 amu
D)138.98 amu
E)74.99 amu

Question 79

Tetrasulfur dinitride decomposes explosively when heated.What is its formula?

A)S₂N₄
B)S₄N₂
C)4SN₂
D)S₄N
E)S₂N

Question 80

a.Give the names of the following ions:
(i)O₂^2-
(ii)SO₄^2-
b.Write down the formulas of the following ions:
(i)ammonium
(ii)nitrate