Deck 22: The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Question 1

The ground state electron configuration of Zn²⁺ is:

A)[Ar]4s²3d⁸
B)[Ar]4s²3d¹⁰
C)[Ar]4s¹3d⁹
D)[Ar]3d¹⁰
E)[Ar]3d⁸

Answer 1

[Ar]3d¹⁰

Question 2

Which of the following will be paramagnetic?

A)V⁵⁺
B)Ni²⁺
C)Mn⁷⁺
D)Ti⁴⁺
E)Zn

Answer 2

Ni²⁺

Question 3

A certain transition element has the stable oxidation states of +2,+3,+4,+5,and +6.In which state will the element be most likely to form a covalent bond with chlorine?

A)+2
B)+3
C)+4
D)+5
E)+6

Answer 3

+6

Question 4

A certain transition metal complex has the formula MX₄²⁺.If the metal ion has a d⁸ electron configuration,what is the shape of the complex?

A)octahedral
B)square pyramid
C)tetrahedral
D)trigonal pyramid
E)square planar

Question 5

A certain transition element has the stable oxidation states of +2,+3,+5,and +6.In which state will the element be most likely to form an ionic bond with chlorine?

A)+2
B)+3
C)+4
D)+5
E)+6

Question 6

What is the highest possible oxidation state for molybdenum,Mo?

A)+2
B)+4
C)+6
D)+8
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 7

If M represents a transition element,which of the following oxides should be the least basic?

A)MO
B)M₂O
C)M₂O₃
D)MO₂
E)MO₃

Question 8

Which of the following will be the strongest oxidizing agent?

A)Cr
B)Cr(II)
C)Cr(III)
D)Cr(IV)
E)Cr(VI)

Question 9

What is the highest possible oxidation state for palladium,Pd?

A)+1
B)+2
C)+3
D)+4
E)+6

Question 10

The ground state electron configuration of Cr²⁺ is

A)[Ar]4s¹3d⁵
B)[Ar]4s²3d⁴
C)[Ar]3d⁴
D)[Ar]4s¹3d³
E)[Ar]4s²3d²

Question 11

Which of the following ions is least likely to form colored compounds?

A)Mn²⁺
B)Cr⁵⁺
C)Sc³⁺
D)Fe³⁺
E)Co²⁺

Question 12

The most common oxidation state for ions of the transition elements is

A)+2
B)+3
C)+4
D)+5
E)+6

Question 13

Which of the following should be the strongest reducing agent?

A)Fe
B)Ru
C)Os
D)Re
E)Cu

Question 14

Chromium and manganese are among the transition elements that form several different oxides.Which of the following statements characterize these oxides?

A)As the oxidation number on the metal increases,the valence-state electronegativity increases and the oxides change from acidic to basic.
B)As the oxidation number on the metal increases,the valence-state electronegativity increases and the oxides change from basic to acidic.
C)As the oxidation number on the metal increases,the valence-state electronegativity decreases and the oxides change from acidic to basic.
D)As the oxidation number on the metal increases,the valence-state electronegativity decreases and the oxides change from basic to acidic.
E)None of these statements is correct.

Question 15

Which of the oxidation states of chromium has the largest valence-state electronegativity?

A)chromium(0)
B)chromium(II)
C)chromium(III)
D)chromium(IV)
E)chromium(VI)

Question 16

Which of the following will be diamagnetic?

A)Ni²⁺
B)Cr²⁺
C)Mn²⁺
D)Co³⁺
E)Ti⁴⁺

Question 17

Which of the following atoms has the biggest radius?

A)Ti
B)Cr
C)Fe
D)Ni
E)Zn

Question 18

Which of the following ions is most likely to form colored compounds?

A)Sc³⁺
B)Cu⁺
C)Zn²⁺
D)Cr³⁺
E)Ca²⁺

Question 19

Which of the following transition elements will form an ion with the largest oxidation number?

A)chromium,Cr,Group 6B(6)
B)manganese,Mn,Group 7B(7)
C)iron,Fe,Group 8B(8)
D)cobalt,Co,Group 8B(9)
E)zinc,Zn,Group 2B(12)

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a bidentate ligand?

A)cyanide,CN^-
B)thiocyanate,SCN^-
C)oxalate,C₂O₄^2-
D)nitrite,NO₂^-
E)hydroxide,OH^-

Question 21

Write the formula for sodium tetracyanonickelate(II).

A)Na[Ni(CN)₄]
B)Na[Ni(CN)₄]₂
C)Na₂[Ni(CN)₄]
D)Na₄[Ni(CN)₄]
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 22

According to valence bond theory,what would be the set of hybrid orbitals used when a Period 4 transition metal forms a square planar complex?

A)d²sp
B)d²p²
C)dsp³
D)sp³
E)dsp²

Question 23

What is the coordination number of cobalt in the complex ion [Co(en)Cl₄]^-? (en = ethylenediamine)

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 24

Write the formula for pentaamminechlorocobalt(III)chloride.

A)[Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl
B)[Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂
C)[Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₃
D)[Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₄
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 25

In a coordination compound involving a complex ion of square planar geometry,which of the following types of isomerism is/are never possible?

A)geometric
B)optical
C)linkage
D)coordination
E)more than one of the above

Question 26

Consider the following octahedral complex structures,each involving ethylene diamine and two different,unidentate ligands X and Y.
Which,if any,of the following pairs are optical isomers?

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)1 and 4
D)3 and 4
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 27

Consider the following structures (1 and 2 are octahedral;3 and 4 are square planar).
Which one of the following statements about the above structures is correct?

A)1 and 2 are superimposable.
B)1 and 2 are geometric isomers.
C)3 and 4 are structural isomers.
D)3 and 4 are optical isomers.
E)3 and 4 are geometric isomers.

Question 28

Give the systematic name for [CoCl₃(H₂O)]^-.

A)cobalt(II)chloride monohydrate
B)aquatrichlorocobalt(II)
C)aquatrichlorocobaltate(II)
D)aquatrichlorocobaltite(I)
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 29

In the compound [Ni(en)₂(H₂O)₂]SO₄ (where en = ethylenediamine)the oxidation number and coordination number of nickel are,respectively:

A)2 and 6
B)4 and 6
C)6 and 6
D)2 and 4
E)4 and 4

Question 30

Which of the following ligands could participate in linkage isomerism?

A)NH₃
B)H₂O
C)NH₄⁺
D)NO₂^-
E)ethylenediamine

Question 31

A characteristic of ligands is that

A)they are Lewis acids.
B)they are Lewis bases.
C)they are ions.
D)they are electron pair acceptors.
E)they are Brønsted-Lowry acids.

Question 32

Give the systematic name for [Cu(NH₃)₄]Cl₂.

A)dichlorotetraamminecuprate(II)
B)tetraamminecopper(II)chloride
C)copper(II)ammonium chloride
D)tetraaminocopper(II)chloride
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 33

According to valence bond theory,what would be the set of hybrid orbitals used when a Period 4 transition metal forms a tetrahedral complex?

A)d²sp
B)dsp²
C)dsp³
D)sp³
E)d²p²

Question 34

Write the formula for diamminedichloroethylenediaminecobalt(III)bromide.

A)[CoCl₂(en)(NH₃)₂]Br
B)[CoCl₂(en)(NH₃)₂]Br₂
C)[CoCl₂(en)₂(NH₃)₂]Br
D)[CoCl₂(en)₂(NH₃)₂]Br₂
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 35

In the compound K[Co(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₂] (where C₂O₄^2- = oxalate)the oxidation number and coordination number of cobalt are,respectively:

A)-1 and 4
B)-1 and 6
C)3 and 4
D)3 and 6
E)1 and 6

Question 36

Consider the following octahedral complex structures,each involving ethylene diamine and two different,unidentate ligands X and Y.
Which one of the following statements about these structures is incorrect?

A)Structures 1 and 2 are optical isomers.
B)Structures 1 and 3 are optical isomers.
C)Structures 1 and 3 are different complexes.
D)Structures 1 and 4 are geometrical isomers.
E)Structures 3 and 4 are the same complex.

Question 37

The oxidation and coordination numbers of cobalt in the compound [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂ are,respectively:

A)2 and 6
B)2 and 8
C)3 and 6
D)3 and 8
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 38

Give the systematic name for Cr(CO)₃(NH₃)₃.

A)chromiumtriaminotricarbonyl
B)triamminechromium carbonate
C)triamminetricarbonylchromate(0)
D)triamminetricarbonylchromium(0)
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 39

Which of the following species could exist as isomers?

A)[Co(H₂O)₄Cl₂]⁺
B)[Pt(NH₃)Br₃]^-
C)[Pt(en)Cl₂]
D)[Pt(NH₃)₃Cl]⁺
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 40

The compound K₃[Fe(CN)₆] is used in calico printing and wool dyeing.Give its systematic name.

A)potassium iron(III)hexacyanate
B)tripotassium iron(III)hexacyanate
C)potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
D)potassium hexacyanideferrate
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 41

What geometry is particularly common for complexes of d¹⁰ metal ions?

Question 42

Why is the +2 oxidation state so common among transition elements?

Question 43

Which of the following octahedral complexes should have the largest crystal field splitting energy, $\Delta$ ?

A)[Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺
B)[Cr(SCN)₆]^3-
C)[Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺
D)[Cr(CN)₆]^3-
E)[Cr(en)₃]³⁺ (en = ethylenediamine)

Question 44

What is the difference between a coordination compound and a complex ion?

Question 45

The d_xy and the orbitals d_x² - _y² both lie in the xy plane,yet for a metal ion in an octahedral complex the energy of the d_xy orbital is lower than that of the d_x² - _y² orbital.Explain this using the arguments of crystal field theory.

Question 46

If a solution absorbs green light,what is its likely color?

A)red
B)violet
C)orange
D)yellow
E)blue

Question 47

Iron(III)forms an octahedral complex with the ligand CN^-.How many unpaired electrons are in the d orbitals of iron?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)7
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 48

How many unpaired electrons will there be in a high-spin octahedral complex of Fe(II)?

A)0
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 49

Which of the following ions could exist in only the high-spin state in an octahedral complex?

A)Cr²⁺
B)Mn⁴⁺
C)Fe³⁺
D)Co³⁺
E)Ni²⁺

Question 50

The compound Rh(CO)(H)(PH₃)₂ forms cis and trans isomers.Use this information to predict the geometry of this complex,and draw the geometric isomers.

Question 51

According to Valence Bond theory,in the square planar Ni(CN)₄^2- complex ion,the orbital hybridization pattern is

A)sp³
B)dsp²
C)d²sp
D)d²sp³
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 52

Apply the valence bond theory to predict the electronic structure and hybridization pattern of chromium in the complex ion Cr(NH₃)₆³⁺.

Question 53

Which of the following ligands is most likely to form a low-spin octahedral complex with iron(III)?

A)Cl^-
B)H₂O
C)NH₃
D)OH^-
E)CO

Question 54

Which of the following ions could exist in either the high-spin or low-spin state in an octahedral complex?

A)Sc³⁺
B)Ni²⁺
C)Mn²⁺
D)Ti⁴⁺
E)Zn²⁺

Question 55

a.State the requirement for two molecules to be optical isomers.
b.A complex ion MABCD²⁺ (where A,B,C and D are different unidentate ligands)rotates the plane of polarized light.Deduce the geometry of the complex and draw the optical isomers of this ionic formula.

Question 56

a.How can the formation of a complex ion be described in terms of a theory of acids and bases?
b.What is the essential requirement for a molecule or ion to act as a ligand?

Question 57

Which of the following ligands is most likely to form a high spin octahedral complex with cobalt(II)?

A)CN^-
B)en (ethylenediamine)
C)NO₂^-
D)CO
E)I^-

Question 58

The crystal field splitting energy, $\Delta$ ,

A)is larger for tetrahedral complexes than for octahedral complexes.
B)depends on the metal but not on the ligand.
C)determines the color of a complex.
D)is larger for ionic ligands like chloride than for molecular ligands like carbon monoxide,CO.
E)determines the charge of a complex.

Question 59

In the spectrochemical series,which one of the following ligands has the strongest field?

A)H₂O
B)CN^-
C)NH₃
D)OH^-
E)Cl^-

Question 60

In the presence of a strong octahedral ligand field,the number of unpaired electrons in Co(III)will be

A)0.
B)2.
C)4.
D)6.
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 61

Square planar complexes can exhibit both geometric and optical isomerism.

Question 62

a.Explain how the crystal field theory can use the magnitude of the splitting energy $\Delta$ to provide an explanation of the color and magnetic properties of octahedral complexes.
b.In promoting an electron from the t_2g set of orbitals to the e_g set,an octahedral complex absorbs a photon with a wavelength $\lambda$ of 523 nm.Calculate the value of $\Delta$ in the complex,in kJ/mol.

Question 63

a.How many unpaired 3d electrons will there be in (i)high and (ii)low-spin complexes of Co(II)?
b.How can high and low-spin complexes be recognized and distinguished experimentally?

Question 64

Of the 3d transition series of elements,scandium has the greatest atomic radius.

Question 65

Tetrahedral complexes can exhibit both optical and linkage isomerism.

Question 66

Valence Bond theory rationalizes octahedral geometry by assuming a d²sp³ hybridization pattern.

Question 67

Of the 3d transition series of elements,zinc has the greatest atomic radius.

Question 68

Octahedral complexes can exhibit geometric,optical,and linkage isomerism.

Question 69

The maximum oxidation state of an element in the first transition series never exceeds its group number.

Question 70

All atoms of the first transition series of elements have the ground state electronic configuration [Ar]4s²3d^x,where x is an integer from 1 to 10.

Question 71

In complexes of transition metals,the maximum coordination number of the metal is equal to its number of d electrons.

Question 72

The M²⁺ ions of the first transition series of elements all have the general electronic configuration [Ar]4s²3d^x,where x is an integer from 1 to 8.