Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Semipermeable membrane means that half the amount of a substance can pass through the plasma membrane.
Semipermeable membrane means that some things can pass through the plasma membrane,while other things will not pass through.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Small structures that compartmentalize the cell for the various cellular activities are

A)nuclei.
B)organelles.
C)matrices.
D)proteins.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

A)Transport of molecules through the membrane
B)Rtabilize the phospholipid bilayer
C)Cell identification
D)All apply.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The phospholipid molecules are arranged with

A)the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward.
B)the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward.
C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.
D)the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outwarD.

Question 5

Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized

A)in the nucleus.
B)on polyribosomes.
C)on rough ER.
D)in the nucleoli.

Question 6

The gelatinous supporting material of a cell is the

A)plasma membrane.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)organelle.

Question 7

Which of the following types of cells are anucleated when mature?

A)Liver cells
B)Skin cells
C)Erythrocytes
D)Skeletal muscle cells

Question 8

The nuclear envelop is continuous with the Golgi apparatus.
The nuclear envelop is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

Explain the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.

Question 10

The nuclear envelope contains the nuclear material and its structure is a

A)double layered membrane with pores.
B)single layered membrane with pores.
C)solid single layered membrane.
D)solid double layered membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Smooth ER
D)All apply.

Question 12

What is found within the cell's nucleus?

A)Chromatin
B)Nucleolus
C)DNA
D)All apply.

Question 13

Tightly-coiled,rod-like structures of DNA and proteins are called

A)nucleoli.
B)ribosomes.
C)chromatin.
D)chromosomes.

Question 14

The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a single layer in a water environment.
The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a double layer in a water environment.

Question 15

The function of the nucleolus is to make

A)mitochondriA.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)chromosomes.
D)ribosomes.

Question 16

The plasma membrane consists primarily of

A)phospholipids and proteins.
B)sugars and starchs.
C)phospholipids and sugars.
D)sugars and proteins.

Question 17

The plasma membrane is a solid that holds the contents inside the cell.
The plasma membrane is a liquid that holds the contents inside the cell.

Question 18

The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the

A)fluid mosaic model.
B)lipid mosaic model.
C)protein - lipid mosaic model.
D)cholesterol mosaic model.

Question 19

Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except

A)carriers.
B)cell identification.
C)stability.
D)receptors.
E)channels.

Question 20

The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to

A)allow the buildup of fats.
B)change the chemical nature of the membrane.
C)create a mosaic pattern.
D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.

Question 21

Liver cells help to detoxify drugs,therefore,they would have a large number of

A)rough ER.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)smooth ER.
D)centrioles.

Question 22

The rough ER is covered with

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)ribosomes.
C)lysosomes.
D)nucleoli.

Question 23

What structure anchors cilia and flagella?

A)Microvilli
B)Basal body
C)Hilus
D)Hillock

Question 24

Sperm use __________ for movement.

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)microvilli
D)microfilaments

Question 25

Short cylinders with a 9 +0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are

A)centrioles.
B)basal bodies.
C)flagella.
D)actin filaments.

Question 26

Which elements of the cytoskeleton help maintain the shape of the cells,move organelles around,and aid in cell division?

A)Intermediate fibers
B)Cilia
C)Microtubules
D)Actin filaments

Question 27

A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the

A)nucleolus.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)mitochondria.

Question 28

Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids?

A)Plasma membrane
B)Rough ER
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 29

The inner membrane folds of mitochondria,where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur,are called

A)smooth ER.
B)cristae.
C)grana.
D)thylakoid membranes.

Question 30

Which organelle is involved in processing,packaging,and secretion of proteins and lipids?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Chromosomes

Question 31

Lysosomes

A)are formed by the Golgi apparatus.
B)are concerned with intracellular digestion.
C)contain digestive enzymes.
D)All apply.

Question 32

Digestive sacs found in cells that help to detoxify drugs and alcohol are

A)peroxisomes.
B)centrioles.
C)ribosomes.
D)rough ER.

Question 33

__________ help keep the lungs clean.

A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Basal bodies
D)Microvilli

Question 34

Which of the following functions in protein production?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Rough ER
D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER

Question 35

Describe the functions of cilia and flagella,and give examples of the activities of each in the body.

Question 36

A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called

A)Golgi's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)neuritis.
D)Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 37

__________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells.

A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Microvilli
D)Basal bodies

Question 38

A nickname for the mitochondria is the cell's powerhouse.

Question 39

Mitochondria

A)produce protein.
B)store food.
C)produce ATP.
D)digest fooD.

Question 40

Aerobic cellular respiration

A)occurs in the mitochondriA.
B)produces ATP.
C)uses oxygen.
D)All apply.

Question 41

Proteins do not pass through plasma membranes because

A)the membrane is made of protein.
B)they contain nitrogen.
C)they are very large molecules.
D)they cause emulsification.

Question 42

The movement of H₂O across a plasma membrane

A)is called osmosis.
B)is called diffusion.
C)requires energy.
D)is called osmosis and requires energy.

Question 43

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,the cell maintains its size.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 44

The plasma membrane is

A)impermeable.
B)permeable to everything.
C)selectively permeable.

Question 45

Which process does not require a concentration gradient?

A)Active transport
B)Diffusion
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Osmosis

Question 46

Match the cell organelle with its function.

Question 47

The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

A)osmosis.
B)filtration.
C)diffusion.
D)pumping.

Question 48

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,water enters the cell.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 49

Match the cell organelle with its function.

Question 50

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,crenation is possible.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 51

What differentiates passive transport from active transport?

A)Passive transport moves substances into cells,while active transport moves substances out of cells.
B)Passive transport requires carriers,while active transport does not.
C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy.
D)Passive transport only moves water,while active transport only moves proteins.

Question 52

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A)Cell-to-cell junctions
B)Cell movement
C)Form flagella
D)Cell shape

Question 53

Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

A)Actin filaments
B)Intermediate filaments
C)Microtubules
D)Microvilli

Question 54

Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by

A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)filtration.
D)pumping.

Question 55

Active transport

A)moves materials against their concentration gradients.
B)requires energy.
C)occurs in cells with many mitochondria.
D)All apply.

Question 56

A carrier protein is required

A)for passive transport.
B)for active transport.
C)to move water.
D)for passive transport and to move water.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a passive process of movement?

A)Solute pumps
B)Osmosis
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Diffusion

Question 58

Hemolysis means

A)swelling of cells.
B)shrinking of blood cells.
C)diffusion of cells into blood.
D)bursting of blood cells

Question 59

Filtration

A)pushes material out of the blood.
B)uses blood pressure to move fluids.
C)can separate large particles from small particles.
D)All apply.

Question 60

A cell that has crenated has

A)swollen up.
B)burst.
C)broken in half.
D)shrunk.

Question 61

The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is designed to do is called

A)interphase.
B)mitosis.
C)apoptosis.
D)exterophase.

Question 62

Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a

A)chromatid.
B)chromosome.
C)autosome.
D)centriole.

Question 63

Secretion of substances made by a cell would occur by the process of

A)pinocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)endocytosis.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 64

Water intoxication can be due to

A)loss of too much water.
B)excessive sweating.
C)excessive consumption of pure water.
D)excessive consumption of low-sodium sports drinks.

Question 65

The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called

A)exocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.

Question 66

The process of "cell drinking" is known as phagocytosis.
The process of "cell drinking" is known as pinocytosis.

Question 67

The period of interphase when cell growth and manufacture of organelles occurs is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 68

The period of interphase when DNA is replicated is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 69

The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called

A)RNA.
B)protein.
C)DNA.
D)ATP.

Question 70

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of

A)pinocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)active transport.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 71

The movement of materials into a cell by the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane is called

A)exocytosis.
B)hemolysis.
C)crenation.
D)endocytosis.

Question 72

Facilitated diffusion requires cellular energy.
Facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy,it is passive.

Question 73

Why is DNA replication required prior to mitosis?

Question 74

The period of interphase when the proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 75

Bringing solutions into a cell is called

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)pinocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 76

The process of programmed cell death due to problems in the cell cycle is called

A)mitosis.
B)apoptosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)endocytosis.

Question 77

Apoptosis

A)involves the destruction of a cell.
B)occurs at the restriction checkpoint.
C)is not a component of the cell cycle.
D)All apply.

Question 78

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

A)breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands
B)joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand
C)joins amino acids to form a protein
D)None apply.

Question 79

Transcription involves _________,where translation involves _______.

A)polypeptide synthesis;mRNA synthesis
B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis
C)amino acids;nucleotides

Question 80

If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA,the complementary half would be

A)CTA-CTT-ACC.
B)TGC-AGG-CAT.
C)ACG-TCC-GTA.
D)UGC-AGG-CAU.