Question 1

According to the theories presented (consolidation theory, multiple - trace theory, reconsolidation theory), which is NOT a variable in retrograde amnesia?&#10;A) hemispheric specialization&#10;B) the number of times a memory is used&#10;C) memory storage&#10;D) the type of memory

Accepted Answer

Hemispheric specialization is not a variable in retrograde amnesia according to the theories presented. However, the number of times a memory is used, memory storage, and the type of memory are all factors that can affect retrograde amnesia.

Question 2

The patient known as H.M. shows memory performance equal to that of normal control subjects in memory studies that include which manipulation?&#10;A) visual search&#10;B) spatial learning&#10;C) mood congruence&#10;D) priming

Accepted Answer

H.M. shows intact priming effects, which suggests that his implicit memory system remains intact. However, his explicit memory is severely impaired, and he cannot form new long-term memories. Thus, choices A, B, and C, which involve explicit memory, would not result in normal memory performance in H.M.

Question 3

Which is a good way to test for implicit priming of memory?&#10;A) the mirror-drawing task&#10;B) the Gollin Incomplete-Figures Test&#10;C) analogies&#10;D) the Corsi block-tapping test

Accepted Answer

The Gollin Incomplete-Figures Test is a good way to test for implicit priming of memory because it involves recognizing progressively more complete versions of previously seen but incomplete figures, which does not require explicit recall of the figures, thus tapping into implicit memory.

Question 4

Nadel and Moscovitch's multiple - trace theory contends that there are three types of memory. Which type of memory is NOT included in their theory?&#10;A) procedural&#10;B) general semantic&#10;C) autobiographical&#10;D) factual semantic

Accepted Answer

Nadel and Moscovitch's multiple-trace theory includes episodic memory (autobiographical memory), semantic memory (factual semantic memory), and perceptual representational systems such as visual and auditory memory. However, procedural memory (memory for how to perform different skills or actions) is not included in their theory.

Question 5

The _____ connects the hippocampus with the posterior neocortex.&#10;A) perforant pathway&#10;B) fimbria fornix&#10;C) hippocampal commissure&#10;D) stria terminalis

Accepted Answer

The perforant pathway is a major pathway that connects the entorhinal cortex with the dentate gyrus and the CA3 region of the hippocampus. It is responsible for bringing information from the neocortex to the hippocampus for learning and memory consolidation. The fimbria fornix is a bundle of axons that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus and other brain regions. The hippocampal commissure is a fiber tract that connects the two hippocampal formations in the two cerebral hemispheres. The stria terminalis is a pathway that connects the amygdala with the hypothalamus and other brain regions, and is involved in emotional and stress responses.

Question 6

Which question would be most difficult for H.M. to answer correctly?&#10;A) What was your mother's maiden name?&#10;B) How many days are there in 3 weeks?&#10;C) Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?&#10;D) What is the sum of 6 plus 12?

Accepted Answer

H.M. had anterograde amnesia, which made it difficult for him to form new memories. Questions about recent events or specific recent interactions, like whether he had visitors the day before yesterday, would be challenging for him to answer. Basic factual knowledge or procedural memory, such as his mother's maiden name, the number of days in 3 weeks, or simple arithmetic, would generally remain intact.

Question 7

_____ is least affected by right temporal lobe damage.&#10;A) Face recognition&#10;B) Spatial position&#10;C) Recall of consonant trigrams&#10;D) Maze learning

Accepted Answer

Recall of consonant trigrams is a task that primarily relies on the left hemisphere and is not heavily impacted by damage to the right temporal lobe. Face recognition, spatial position, and maze learning are all tasks that are heavily influenced by right temporal lobe function.

Question 8

The first evidence that the temporal lobes had a role in memory was provided by _____.&#10;A) Ebbinghaus&#10;B) Lashley&#10;C) Bekhterev&#10;D) Scoville

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first evidence that the temporal lobes...

Question 9

According to Tulving, autonoetic awareness-which is compromised with some types of frontal lobe damage-is best described as consciousness of:&#10;A) one's own spatial location.&#10;B) the functioning of one's sympathetic nervous system.&#10;C) oneself as a continuous entity through time.&#10;D) each of the distinct sensory experiences that are part of somatosensation.

Accepted Answer

Autonoetic awareness refers to the conscious awareness of oneself as a continuous entity through time. This means recognizing oneself as a distinct individual with a unique past, present, and future. This type of awareness is associated with the ability to remember personal experiences and events, which requires the ability to mentally time travel and consciously re-experience past events. Tulving has posited that this type of awareness is dependent on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, and that damage to these areas can result in deficits in autobiographical memory and autonoetic awareness.

Question 10

&#34;HERA&#34; stands for _____.&#10;A) high emotional retrograde amnesia&#10;B) hippocampal-entorhinal retrograde amnesia&#10;C) hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry&#10;D) hologram encoding retrieval assessment

Accepted Answer

HERA stands for hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry, a model in cognitive neuroscience that describes how the left and right hemispheres of the brain are involved in the encoding and retrieval of memory.

Question 11

Both Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus are components of which brain structure that is crucial to learning and memory?&#10;A) the amygdala&#10;B) the hypothalamus&#10;C) the cerebellum&#10;D) the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus...

Question 12

Which is NOT a part of explicit memory functioning?&#10;A) semantic memory&#10;B) bottom-up processing&#10;C) intentional remembering&#10;D) episodic memory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is NOT a part of explicit...

Question 13

H.M.'s performance on the mirror - drawing task demonstrates his ability to display _____.&#10;A) implicit memory formation&#10;B) anterograde amnesia&#10;C) logical reasoning&#10;D) priming

Accepted Answer

The answer of H.M.'s performance on the mirror - drawing...

Question 14

According to Petri and Mishkin, the _____ is NOT part of the proposed implicit memory system.&#10;A) ventral thalamus&#10;B) premotor cortex&#10;C) hippocampus&#10;D) basal ganglia

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Petri and Mishkin, the _____...

Question 15

Evidence from Korsakoff's patients suggests that the _____ is(are) involved in global amnesia.&#10;A) frontal lobes&#10;B) medial thalamus&#10;C) basal cholinergic system&#10;D) perirhinal cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence from Korsakoff's patients suggests that the...

Deck 18: Extension: C - Learning and Memory