Question 1

Goldman - Rakic and coworkers found that there is a spatial impairment in the visual detection deficits observed in monkeys with _____ lobe lesions.&#10;A) parietal&#10;B) frontal&#10;C) temporal&#10;D) occipital

Accepted Answer

Goldman-Rakic and coworkers conducted research indicating that monkeys with frontal lobe lesions exhibit spatial impairments in visual detection, highlighting the role of the frontal lobe in spatial processing and attention.

Question 2

Which is NOT a type of cell discovered in the hippocampus and thought to play a role in spatial behavior?&#10;A) complex&#10;B) grid&#10;C) head direction&#10;D) place

Accepted Answer

Complex cells are a type of neuron found in the visual cortex, not in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, grid, head direction, and place cells are all types of cells that have been identified in the hippocampus and are involved in spatial navigation and memory functions.

Question 3

A relative inability to shift visual attention is characteristic of _____ syndrome and usually involves damage to the _____ lobe.&#10;A) Zangwill's; parietal&#10;B) B&#225;lint's; temporal&#10;C) B&#225;lint's; parietal&#10;D) Holmes's; frontal

Accepted Answer

Bálint's syndrome is characterized by an inability to shift visual attention and usually involves damage to the parietal lobe. Zangwill's and Holmes's syndromes are not associated with attentional deficits, and temporal lobe damage is more often associated with visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects) than attentional deficits.

Question 4

You see a patient in clinic who exhibits an inability to represent the location of objects with respect to herself. This deficit would be termed:&#10;A) heading disorientation.&#10;B) landmark agnosia.&#10;C) spatial amnesia.&#10;D) egocentric disorientation.

Accepted Answer

Egocentric disorientation is a deficit in which a patient is unable to represent the location of objects with respect to themselves. They may have difficulty with tasks that require spatial awareness or navigation. Heading disorientation refers to a deficit in which a patient has difficulty with judging the direction they are facing. Landmark agnosia is a deficit in which a patient is unable to recognize familiar landmarks. Spatial amnesia refers to a deficit in which a patient has difficulty with recalling or imagining spatial information.

Question 5

Self - movement cues are apparently used by animals when they are using _____ to guide their movements.&#10;A) dead reckoning&#10;B) landmarks&#10;C) odors&#10;D) environmental cues

Accepted Answer

Self-movement cues are used in dead reckoning, which involves keeping a record of one's direction and distance traveled. Animals use dead reckoning as a means of navigation when other cues, such as landmarks or odors, are not present or not reliable. Therefore, the best choice is A, dead reckoning.

Question 6

Which is NOT a brain region where place cells have been found to exist?&#10;A) the entorhinal cortex&#10;B) the dentate gyrus&#10;C) the subiculum&#10;D) the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

Place cells have been found in the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, and the hippocampus, but not in the dentate gyrus.

Question 7

Research by Maguire and others suggests that females are more likely to use _____ in navigation than are males.&#10;A) common sense&#10;B) landmarks&#10;C) dead reckoning&#10;D) compasses

Accepted Answer

Maguire's research suggests that females are more likely to use landmarks in navigation than males.

Question 8

The studies conducted on food caching in birds demonstrates that:&#10;A) birds with frontal lobe lesions show no difficulty in finding the seeds that they have cached.&#10;B) African and Asian birds are more likely to use dead reckoning to find their cache sites.&#10;C) birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.&#10;D) testosterone is crucial to producing birdsong and also to remembering cache sites.

Accepted Answer

The studies on food caching in birds show that birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.

Question 9

Patients with heading disorientation are unable to plan a course of direction, despite being able to describe where they want to go. This disorder is associated with lesions to which brain region?&#10;A) right posterior cingulate cortex&#10;B) left posterior cingulate cortex&#10;C) right anterior cingulate cortex&#10;D) left anterior cingulate cortex

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that lesions to the right posterior cingulate cortex are associated with heading disorientation, as this region is important for processing spatial information and navigation. Lesions to other regions, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, have not been specifically linked to heading disorientation.

Question 10

A study conducted by Smith and Milner examined spatial abilities for patients with both left and right temporal damage. With respect to spatial memory, identify the pattern of results.&#10;A) Patients with left hippocampal damage performed equal to those with right hippocampal damage.&#10;B) Patients with right hippocampal damage performed significantly worse than those with left damage.&#10;C) Patients with left hippocampal damage performed significantly worse than those with right damage.&#10;D) Patients with right hippocampal damage performed significantly better than those with left damage.

Accepted Answer

Patients with right hippocampal damage typically perform worse on tasks involving spatial memory, as the right hemisphere of the brain is more involved in spatial processing.

Question 11

_____ memory is the name given to the ability to move through space from one place to another.&#10;A) Cartographic&#10;B) Topographic&#10;C) Magellanic&#10;D) Navigational

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ memory is the name given to...

Question 12

Moving toward a cue or object (route following) is also called:&#10;A) head direction.&#10;B) cue learning.&#10;C) GPS navigation.&#10;D) topographic learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Moving toward a cue or object (route...

Question 13

According to Maguire's research with London cab drivers, we store cognitive maps of our environment in the _____.&#10;A) right prefrontal cortex&#10;B) fornix&#10;C) extrastriate cortex&#10;D) right posterior hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Maguire's research with London cab...

Question 14

The hypothesis stating that gender differences in spatial abilities are due to hormonal changes during puberty is supported by research done with individuals with which chromosomal abnormality?&#10;A) Down syndrome&#10;B) Klinefelter syndrome&#10;C) XYY syndrome&#10;D) Turner's syndrome&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis stating that gender differences in...

Question 15

The form of topographic disorientation in which individuals cannot use prominent environmental features for orientation is called _____.&#10;A) topographic amnesia&#10;B) landmark agnosia&#10;C) egocentric disorientation&#10;D) geographic amnesia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The form of topographic disorientation in which...

Deck 21: Extension: C - Spatial Behavior