Deck 29: Development and Inheritance

Question 1

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?

A)Ductus venosus
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Anteriosum
D)Patent ductus arteriosus
E)Superior vena cava

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Answer 2

D

Question 3

CVS is taking cells from where?

A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Placenta
D)Umbilical cord
E)Uterus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?

A)GnRH
B)hCG
C)CRH
D)AFP
E)ATP

Question 5

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?

A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Yolk sac
C)Exocoelomic membrane
D)Amnion
E)Lacunae

Question 6

Each somite may differentiate into a

A)Sertoli cell
B)Dermatome
C)Ovary
D)Myogenic cells
E)Ductus deferens

Question 7

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?

A)Sonogram
B)Amniocentesis
C)CVS
D)AFP test
E)CBC

Question 8

Involution is

A)When the placenta is expelled
B)When the umbilical cord is cut
C)When the uterus decreases in size
D)When the cervix dilates
E)None of these choices

Question 9

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basalis?

A)Decidua basalis
B)Decidua capsularis
C)Decidua parietalis
D)Lamina propria
E)Adventitia

Question 10

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?

A)Chorionic villi of the placenta
B)Amnion
C)Amnionic fluid
D)Embryonic disc
E)Endoderm

Question 11

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?

A)Female pronucleus
B)Male pronucleus
C)Zygote
D)Blastomeres
E)Morula

Question 12

Which of the following is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts?

A)Prolactin
B)PIH
C)PRH
D)Oxytocin
E)GnRH

Question 13

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?

A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Testosterone
D)Relaxin
E)Inhibin

Question 14

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?

A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Umbilical cord
D)Placenta
E)Capillary beds

Question 15

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?

A)Acrosomal reaction
B)Maturation
C)Fertilization
D)Capacitation
E)Polyspermy

Question 16

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?

A)Ovary
B)Fallopian tube
C)Ovarian ligament
D)Body of uterus
E)Vagina

Question 17

Which of the following is an agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo?

A)Carcinogen
B)Toxin
C)Nicotine
D)Radiation
E)Teratogen

Question 18

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?

A)Stage of dilation
B)Stage of expulsion
C)Placental stage
D)Gestation
E)Effacement

Question 19

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?

A)Blastocyte
B)Blastosphere
C)Trophoblast
D)Blastocyst cavity
E)Uterine cavity

Question 20

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Question 21

Which cells are derived from the yolk sac and form a connective tissue layer?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 22

Which structure was formerly called the blastocyst cavity?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 23

What is line "G" pointing to?

A)Chorionic villi
B)Amnion
C)Umbilical vein
D)Umbilical artery
E)Amnionic capillary bed

Question 24

Chromosome #15 is considered

A)A sex chromosome
B)An autosome
C)The SRY chromosome
D)A linked gene
E)A transposon

Question 25

This is composed of the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 26

Where are the fetal blood vessels?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 27

What stage happens 3-4 days after fertilization?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 28

What does diagram "A" represent?

A)Cleavage of embryo
B)Cleavage of zygote
C)Cleavage of morula
D)Cleavage of blastocyst
E)Cleavage of fetus

Question 29

What is line "A" pointing to?

A)Endometrial gland
B)Trophoblast
C)Embryoblast
D)Blastocyst
E)Dermatome

Question 30

Which of the following is a permanent change in an allele?

A)Mutation
B)Phenotype
C)Genotype
D)Dominant
E)Recessive

Question 31

What is line "G" pointing to?

A)Chorion
B)Chorionic villi
C)Sinusoid
D)Extraembryonic mesoderm
E)None of these choices

Question 32

What stage happens 6 days after fertilization?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 33

If a child has B blood,and the mother has B blood,what is the possible genotype of the father?

A)B
B)O
C)AB
D)B or O
E)B,O or AB

Question 34

A Barr body

A)Is an inactivated X chromosome
B)Cannot be stained
C)Are transcribed and translated
D)Is seen in males
E)Is only found in humans

Question 35

Which one represents the morula stage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 36

If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood,what blood type is possible for their child?

A)AB
B)A
C)B
D)O
E)All of these choices

Question 37

Where is the amniotic cavity?

A)E
B)D
C)C
D)B
E)A

Question 38

An example of incomplete dominance is

A)ABO blood groups
B)Sickle-cell disease
C)Angelman Syndrome
D)Prader-Willi Syndrome
E)PKU

Question 39

When phenotype can be drastically different depending on parental origin it is called:

A)Mutation
B)Translocation
C)Genomic imprinting
D)Incomplete dominance
E)Codominance

Question 40

Which one represents the blastocyst stage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 41

Clubfeet is an example of which condition listed?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 42

What is line "F" pointing to?

A)Umbilical arteries
B)Umbilical vein
C)Fetal blood vessels
D)Maternal endometrial arteriole
E)Chorionic villi

Question 43

Which condition listed is a malpresentation in which the fetal buttocks or lower limbs present into the maternal pelvis?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 44

Describe the products of the three primary germ layers.

Question 45

Describe the process and purpose of amniocentesis.

Question 46

Which of the terms below describes the development of an organism from an undifferentiated cell?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 47

Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy,caused by the presence of a single X chromosome designated XO?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 48

Which condition listed is an infectious disease of childbirth resulting from an infection originating in the birth canal and affecting the mother's endometrium?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Puerperal fever
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Fetal alcohol syndrome
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 49

Describe the hormonal events surrounding parturition.

Question 50

Which of the terms below describes the beginning or first discernable indication of the development of an organ or structure?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 51

Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy,usually due to trisomy XXY?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 52

Which condition listed is a developmental abnormality due to mechanical forces that mold a part of the fetus over a prolonged period of time?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 53

Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by at least 3 X chromosomes (XXX)?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Metafemale syndrome
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Lethal gene
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 54

Which condition listed is also called morning sickness?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 55

Which condition listed is one of the most common causes of mental retardation and the most common preventable cause of birth defects in the United States?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Metafemale syndrome
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Fetal alcohol syndrome
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 56

Red-green color blindness is a recessive,X-linked trait represented as X^c.(Normal color vision is represented as X^C. )If a daughter has red-green color blindness,what must the genotypes of her parents be?

Question 57

Which condition listed gives rise to sterile females with virtually no ovaries and limited development of secondary sex characteristics?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 58

Which of the terms below includes all structures that develop from a zygote: the embryo,the embryonic placenta and its associated membranes?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Gestational age
E)Karyotype

Question 59

Which condition listed gives rise to individuals that are: somewhat mentally disadvantaged,sterile males with undeveloped testes,scant body hair,and enlarged breasts?

A)Emesis gravidarum
B)Deformation
C)Turner's syndrome
D)Breech presentation
E)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 60

Distinguish between genotype and phenotype and explain how the environment may affect each.

Question 61

Which of the terms below describes the chromosomal characteristic of an individual presented as a systematic arrangement of pairs of metaphase chromosomes arranged by size?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Karyotype
E)Fertilization age

Question 62

In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives normal skin pigmentation.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Albinism
C)Normal nervous system
D)Polydactyly
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 63

Which of the following structures is NOT produced from the mesoderm?

A)Melanocytes
B)All skeletal muscle
C)All cardiac muscle
D)Blood vessels
E)Lymphatic tissue

Question 64

In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives polydactyly.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Brachydactyly
C)Normal digits
D)Syndactylism
E)Straight thumb

Question 65

In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives Huntington's disease.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Normal digits
C)Normal nervous system
D)Polydactyly
E)Straight thumb

Question 66

What is the term used to describe the age of an embryo or fetus calculated from the presumed first day of the last normal menstrual period?

A)Conceptus
B)Primordium
C)Epigenesis
D)Gestational age
E)Fertilization age

Question 67

Which of the following structures is(are)produced from the endoderm?

A)Adrenal cortex
B)Gonads
C)Epithelium of the oral cavity
D)Epithelial lining of the pharynx
E)Arachnoid mater

Question 68

Which of the following is a noninvasive prenatal test?

A)AFP
B)CVS
C)Amniocentesis
D)All of these
E)None of these

Question 69

Which of the following is a function of the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone?

A)Maintain endometrium of uterus during pregnancy
B)Help prepare mammary glands for lactation
C)Establish the timing of birth
D)Increase flexibility of the pubic symphysis
E)All of these are functions of CRH

Question 70

When are the three primary germ layers established during pregnancy?

A)First week of development
B)Second week of development
C)Third week of development
D)Fourth week of development
E)Second month of development

Question 71

Which of the following is a breast-feeding benefit for infants?

A)Beneficial cells
B)Beneficial molecules
C)Decreased incidence of diseases later in life
D)Enhancement of intellectual and neurological development
E)All of these are breast-feeding benefits

Question 72

Which of the following structures is(are)produced from the endoderm?

A)Cartilage
B)Dermis of the skin
C)Kidneys and ureters
D)Internal and external ear
E)Gametes

Question 73

Which hormone causes release of milk into the mammary ducts via the milk ejection reflex?

A)Prolactin
B)Oxytocin
C)Estrogen
D)Progesterone
E)Aldosterone

Question 74

In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait,the dominant allele gives syndactylism.What is the masked,recessive trait in this individual?

A)Normal vision
B)Brachydactyly
C)Normal digits
D)Polydactyly
E)Straight thumb

Question 75

Which of the following are major potential teratogens that affect embryonic development?

A)Alcohol
B)Cigarette smoke
C)Various prescription drugs
D)Irradiation
E)All of these