Deck 16: The Elements: the Main Group Elements

Question 1

Trends in electron affinity are similar to those for ionization energy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is a basic oxide?

A)CaO(s)
B)CO₂(g)
C)SO₂(g)
D)CO(g)
E)SiO₂(s)

Answer 2

CaO(s)

Question 3

When metallic hydrides are heated,they

A)decompose explosively to yield metal oxides.
B)liberate oxygen and hydrogen.
C)liberate hydrogen.
D)produce hydrogen ions.
E)do not change because they are extremely stable.

Answer 3

liberate hydrogen.

Question 4

The valence electrons of elements in the lower left of the periodic table experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.True or false?

Question 5

Aluminum oxide dissolves in aqueous base.What are the products of this reaction?

A)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and H₂(g)
B)Al₂O₃(s)and H₂(g)
C)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and O₂(g)
D)Al(OH)₄ ^- (aq)and H₂(g)
E)Al(OH)₄ ^- (aq)and O₂(g)

Question 6

Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?

A)In
B)Ga
C)Ge
D)Al

Question 7

Which of the following exists mainly as cations in compounds?

A)P
B)Ga
C)As
D)Si
E)Sr

Question 8

Which of the following does not form a saline hydride?

A)Lithium
B)Barium
C)Calcium
D)Magnesium
E)Beryllium

Question 9

Which of the following has the smallest polarizability?

A)Ca²⁺
B)S^{2 -}
C)Cl
D)S

Question 10

Al₂O₃(s)dissolves in aqueous acid to produce

A)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq).
B)Al(OH)₄ ^- (aq)and O₂(g).
C)Al(OH)₄ ^- (aq).
D)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and H₂(g).
E)Al(OH)₄ ^- (aq)and H₂(g).

Question 11

Write an equation for the second ionization energy of magnesium.

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of elements have similar polarizability?

A)Be and Al
B)Li and Na
C)B and Al
D)Be and Mg
E)Mg and B

Question 13

Write the formula of the hydride ion.

Question 14

All of the oxides of the following elements are amphoteric except

A)P
B)Ga
C)As
D)Sb

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of elements both have acidic oxides?

A)Ca and As
B)Mg and Al
C)B and Li
D)In and Sn
E)P and Se

Question 16

Circle the species that has the largest radius: Ca²⁺,S^{2 -} S,Cl.

Question 17

Which of the following compounds is predicted to have bonds with the most covalent character?

A)MgF₂
B)LiF
C)CsI
D)MgI₂
E)BaBr₂

Question 18

The electron affinities of elements are always positive.True or false?

Question 19

Which of the following is an acidic oxide?

A)CaO(s)
B)MgO(s)
C)Bi₂O₃(s)
D)Na₂O(s)
E)SiO₂(s)

Question 20

Which of the following does not act as a Lewis acid?

A)Na₂O
B)NO
C)NO₂
D)SO₃
E)CO₂

Question 21

What property of lithium makes the lithium-ion battery an excellent energy storage device?

A)Li⁺ has strong polarizing power.
B)Lithium-ion is a good reducing agent.
C)Lithium has a high density.
D)Lithium has the most negative standard potential of all the elements.
E)Li⁺ has a small radius.

Question 22

Hydrogen can be made from fossil fuels in a series of two catalyzed reactions.One of these reactions,the re-forming reaction,is

A)Cu(s)+ 2H⁺(aq) $\rightarrow$ Cu²⁺(aq)+ H₂(g).
B)2H₂O(l) $\rightarrow$ 2H₂(g)+ O₂(g).
C)CH₃OH(l) $\rightarrow$ 2H₂(g)+ CO(g).
D)CH₄(g)+ H₂O(g) $\rightarrow$ CO(g)+ 3H₂(g).
E)Zn(s)+ 2HCl(aq) $\rightarrow$ ZnCl₂(aq)+ H₂(g).

Question 23

What is the formula of baking soda?

A)Na₂CO₃.10H₂O
B)NaHCO₃
C)NaHSO₄
D)Na₂SO₄
E)Na₂CO₃

Question 24

What is the voltage for the water-splitting reaction to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water? (Consult a table of standard potentials.)

Question 25

Which of the following metals,Ag,Zn,Cu,Ni,Au,Pt,Sn,cannot be extracted by hydrometallurgical reduction of their ions with hydrogen?

A)Au, Pt
B)Ag, Au, Pt
C)Zn, Ni, Au
D)Zn, Ni, Sn
E)Ag, Cu, Au, Pt

Question 26

What is the formula of quicklime?

A)CaO
B)MgSO₄
C)Ca(OH)₂
D)CaCO₃
E)CaSO₄

Question 27

Which of the following can be extracted by hydrometallurgical reduction of their ions with hydrogen? Consult a table of standard potentials.

A)Ni
B)Fe
C)Ag
D)Zn
E)Pb

Question 28

The reaction of potassium superoxide with water vapor produces

A)K₂O(s).
B)H₂O₂(l).
C)KHCO₃(s).
D)O₂(g).
E)H₂(g).

Question 29

Both the hydride ion and sodium metal reduce water.True or false?

Question 30

The alkali metals all react with water.Which is the most reactive metal?

A)Li
B)Na
C)Cs
D)Rb
E)K

Question 31

Quicklime,CaO(s),reacts with C(s)to produce A plus carbon monoxide.When A is added to water,B and C are produced.Write the formulas of A,B,and C.

A)Ca(s), O₂(g), and Ca(OH)₂(aq)
B)CaO(s)does not react with C(s).
C)CaC₂(s), H₂(g), and Ca(OH)₂(aq)
D)Ca(s), H₂(g), and Ca(OH)₂(aq)
E)CaC₂(s), C₂H₂(g), and Ca(OH)₂(aq)

Question 32

Which of the substances below can be used to extinguish a magnesium fire?

A)Sand
B)Carbon dioxide
C)Nitrogen
D)All of the substances listed react with burning magnesium.
E)Water

Question 33

What occurs when beryllium is added to aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A)Be(OH)₂(s)precipitates.
B)Beryllium dissolves to form [Be(OH)₄]^{2 -} (aq).
C)Beryllium dissolves to form [Be(OH₂)₆]²⁺(aq).
D)O₂(g)is produced.
E)No reaction occurs because beryllium is not soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Question 34

Lithium and sodium burn in air to produce

A)Li₂O(s)and Na₂O(s).
B)LiO₂(s)and Na₂O(s).
C)Li₂O(s)and Na₂O₂(s).
D)LiO₂(s)and Na₂O₂(s).
E)Li₂O₂(s)and NaO₂(s).

Question 35

The equation for the hydrometallurgical extraction of silver is

A)Ag⁺(aq)+ Cl ^- aq) $\rightarrow$ AgCl(s).
B)Ag⁺(aq)+ 2S₂O₃^{2 -} (aq) $\rightarrow$ Ag(S₂O₃)₂^{3 -} (aq).
C)Ag⁺(aq)+ 2CN ^- (aq) $\rightarrow$ Ag(CN)₂ ^- (aq).
D)2Ag(s)+ 2H⁺(aq) $\rightarrow$ Ag⁺(aq)+ H₂(g).
E)Ag⁺(aq)+ H₂(g) $\rightarrow$ 2Ag(s)+ 2H⁺(aq).

Question 36

The anhydrous material with the common name "Epsom salts" has what chemical formula?

A)MgSO₄
B)Mg(OH)₂
C)CaSO₄
D)CaCl₂
E)MgCl₂

Question 37

How do the saline hydrides react in water?

A)They reduce water and produce O₂(g).
B)They all produce H₃O⁺(aq).
C)They oxidize water and produce O₂(g).
D)Saline hydrides are actually insoluble in water.
E)They reduce water and produce H₂(g).

Question 38

Order the following ions according to their radii from largest to smallest: H ^- ,Cl ^- ,F ^- .

Question 39

In the following reaction 2KNO₃(s)+ 4C(s) $\rightarrow$ K₂CO₃(s)+ 3CO(g)+ N₂(g)
The reducing agent is

A)CO(g).
B)KNO₃(s).
C)K₂CO₃(s).
D)C(s).
E)N₂(g).

Question 40

All of the following react with water to form hydrogen and a hydroxide except

A)Mg.
B)Na.
C)Ca.
D)K.
E)Be.

Question 41

The formula of boric acid written as a Brønsted acid is

A)HB(OH)₂.
B)B(OH₂)₃³⁺.
C)B(OH)₄ ^- .
D)HB(OH)₃.
E)B(OH)₃OH₂.

Question 42

When magnesium burns in air,the product(s)is (are)

A)MgO.
B)MgO and Mg₃N₂.
C)MgAr.
D)MgCO₃.
E)MgS and MgO.

Question 43

The oxides of In and Tl

A)are amphoteric.
B)react with base.
C)react with water.
D)are unstable and cannot be isolated.
E)are basic.

Question 44

In the thermite reaction,iron (III)oxide is the reducing agent.True or false?

Question 45

Aluminum metal is produced by

A)reduction of Al₂O₃ with carbon.
B)electrolysis of a molten mixture of alumina, Al₂O₃, and cryolite, Na₃AlF₆.
C)treatment of Al₂O₃ with sodium hydroxide.
D)the thermite reaction.
E)electrolysis of brine containing Al₂(SO₄)₃.

Question 46

Which of the following concentrated acids can be safely transported in passivated lead containers?

A)HClO₄
B)H₂SO₄
C)HI
D)HCl
E)HNO₃

Question 47

Sodium borohydride is produced from the reaction of

A)B(OH)₃(aq)and BCl₃(l).
B)NaH(s)and B(s).
C)NaH(s)and B₂O₃(s).
D)NaH(s)and B(OH)₃(aq).
E)NaH(s)and BCl₃(l).

Question 48

The formula of boric acid written as a Lewis acid is

A)B(OH)₃.
B)HB(OH)₃.
C)HB(OH)₄.
D)B(OH)₄ ^- .
E)HB(OH)₂.

Question 49

Which of the following is not true?

A)In diamond, each carbon atom is sp³-hybridized and linked to its four neighbors, with all electrons in C-C $\sigma$ -bonds.
B)C₆₀ is molecular and thus soluble in solvents like benzene.
C)Graphite consists of planar sheets of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms and electrons can move from one carbon to another through a delocalized $\pi$ -network formed by the overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals.
D)Graphite is an electrically conducting solid.
E)Diamond is an excellent conductor of heat.

Question 50

When aluminum sulfate is dissolved in water,is the resulting solution acidic or basic? Explain.

Question 51

Boron nitride is produced from the reaction of

A)B(s)and HCN(g).
B)B(s)and NH₃(g).
C)B₂O₃(s)and NH₃(g).
D)B₂H₆(g)and N₂(g).
E)B(s)and N₂(g).

Question 52

The allotropes of carbon are graphite,diamond,and the fullerenes.These are all network solids.True or false?

Question 53

The formula of diborane is

A)BH₃.
B)B₂H₆.
C)B₂H₄.
D)B₂H₂.
E)B₂H.

Question 54

What reaction produces diborane?

A)BH₃(g)and B(s).
B)BF₃(g)and NaBH₄(s).
C)B(s)and H₂(g).
D)B(s)and NH₃(g).
E)BCl₃(g)and NaH(s).

Question 55

The molecule Al₂Br₆ is formed from two AlBr₃ molecules.This reaction is

A)a precipitation reaction.
B)a reduction reaction.
C)an oxidation reaction.
D)redox dimerization reaction.
E)a Lewis acid-base complex formation reaction.

Question 56

The equation that corresponds to the K_a for boric acid is

A)B₄O₅(OH)₄^{2 -} (aq)+ 5H₂O(l)b 4H₃BO₃(aq)+ 2OH ^- (aq).
B)H₃BO₃(aq)+ H₂O(l)b HB(OH)₃⁺(aq)+ OH ^- (aq).
C)(OH)₃BOH₂(aq)+ H₂O(l)b B(OH)₄ ^- (aq)+ H₃O⁺(aq).
D)B(OH)₄ ^- aq)+ H⁺(aq)b B(OH)₃(aq)+ H₂O(l).
E)B₄O₇^{2 -} (aq)+ H₂O(l)b B₄O₈H^{3 -} (aq)+ H⁺(aq).

Question 57

Diborane has

A)2 bridging hydrogens and 4 terminal hydrogens.
B)1 BF₃ ^- anion and 1 BF₃⁺ cation.
C)4 bridging hydrogens and 2 terminal hydrogens.
D)6 terminal hydrogens and 1 boron-boron bond.
E)1 bridging hydrogen, 4 terminal hydrogens, and an ionic hydrogen.

Question 58

Sodium borohydride is an oxidizing agent.True or false?

Question 59

Which of the following are all allotropes?

A)Graphite, diamond, and C₆₀
B)Silicon, carbon, and C₆₀
C)Boron carbide and carbon
D)Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
E)Silicon carbide, diamond, and C₆₀

Question 60

The role of magnesium in chlorophyll is

A)that of a hydrogenation catalyst.
B)to keep the ring rigid.
C)that of a reducing agent.
D)that of an oxidizing agent.
E)to react with water to produce hydrogen.

Question 61

Saline carbides contain the anion(s)

A)C₂^{2 -} and C^{4 -} .
B)CH₂^{2 -} .
C)HC₂-.
D)CO₃^{2 -} and HCO₃ ^- .
E)CN ^- and N^{3 -} .

Question 62

Which of the following is a saline carbide?

A)SiC
B)CaC₂
C)Mo₂C
D)Fe₃C
E)W₂C

Question 63

The sublimation of "dry ice" is spontaneous at 25 $\degree$ C and 1 atm.What are the signs of $\Delta$ H $\degree$ and $\Delta$ S $\degree$ ,respectively?

A)0, +
B)+, -
C)(-, +)
D)+, +
E)(-, -)

Question 64

Polarizability is a measure of the ease with which an electron cloud can be distorted and is greatest for electron-rich atoms like fluorine.True or false?

Question 65

Solid sodium reduces nitrogen gas to form sodium nitride,Na₃N.True or false?

Question 66

Which of the following is an interstitial carbide?

A)SrC₂
B)Al₄C₃
C)CaC₂
D)K₂C₂
E)W₂C

Question 67

Silane is produced in the following reactions.
a.SiCl₄ + LiAlH₄ $\rightarrow$ SiH₄ + LiAlCl₄
b.Mg₂Si + 4HCl $\rightarrow$ SiH₄ + 2MgCl₂
Classify each reaction as a redox or displacement reaction.

Question 68

Which of the following is a covalent carbide?

A)W₂C
B)Fe₃C
C)SrC₂
D)CaC₂
E)SiC

Question 69

All of the following are silicon-oxygen compounds except

A)asbestos.
B)quartz.
C)talc.
D)diamond.
E)mica.

Question 70

All of the following contain silicates in various forms except

A)asbestos.
B)mica.
C)talc.
D)molecular sieves.
E)alum.

Question 71

The compound BeI₂ is an ionic compound.True or false?

Question 72

All of the following elements form hydrides except

A)K
B)Be
C)Ca
D)Rb

Question 73

Of the following compounds,which does not exist?

A)NCl₅
B)PCl₃
C)PCl₅
D)NCl₃

Question 74

Which of the following does not involve CO acting as a reducing agent?

A)PbO(s)+ CO(g) $\rightarrow$ Pb(s)+ CO₂(g).
B)CO(g)+ H₂O(g) $\rightarrow$ CO₂(g)+ H₂(g).
C)2CO(g)+ O₂(g) $\rightarrow$ 2CO₂(g).
D)Ni(s)+ 4CO(g) $\rightarrow$ Ni(CO)₄(g).
E)Fe₂O₃(s)+ 3CO(g) $\rightarrow$ 2Fe(s)+ 3CO₂(g).

Question 75

Lead is obtained from the oxide PbO by

A)reduction with aluminum.
B)treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid.
C)reduction with carbon.
D)reduction with CO(g).
E)heating to 1600 $\degree$ C.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Oxides of nonmetals are acidic.
B)Elements with intermediate ionization energies form amphoteric oxides.
C)Elements with low ionization energies commonly form ionic oxides.
D)Oxides of main-group metals are acidic.

Question 77

The products of the reaction of Al₄C₃(s)with water are

A)Al₂O₃(s)and CH₄(g).
B)Al(OH)₃(s)and C₂H₂(g).
C)Al(OH)₃(s)and C₂H₄(g).
D)Al₂O₃(s)and C₂H₂(g).
E)Al(OH)₃(s)and CH₄(g).

Question 78

The mineral spondumene contains long,straight chain silicates involving the SiO₃^{2 -} unit.What is the shape of SiO₃^{2 -} ?

A)T-shaped
B)Ttetrahedral
C)Trigonal planar
D)Trigonal pyramidal
E)See-saw

Question 79

Which of the following molecules requires the most energy to split into gaseous atoms?

A)CO
B)F₂
C)O₂
D)N₂
E)Cl₂

Question 80

Carbon dioxide is the formal anhydride of

A)H₂CO₃
B)HCOOH
C)H₂CO
D)CO₃^{2 -}