Deck 28: Sensory Input and Motor Output

Question 1

The ossicles are located in the

A) inner ear.
B) middle ear.
C) auditory canal.
D) outer ear.
E) spiral organ.

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The ossicles are the smallest bones of the body, and they reside in the middle ear.Learning Outcome: 28.01.02 Describe the structures of the human ear and their function.

Question 2

The colored part of the eye is the

A) pupil.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) retina.
E) sclera.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The iris is the colored part of the eye.

Question 3

Which of these is mismatched?

A) cutaneous receptors - skin
B) rods and cones - eye
C) taste buds - tongue
D) ganglion cells and intermediate cells - ear
E) hair cells - lateral line

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Ganglion cells and intermediate cells are found in the retina of the eye.

Question 4

Which of these is mismatched?

A) utricle - ear
B) taste bud - tongue
C) tympanic membrane - ear
D) fovea - eye
E) ossicles - joints

Question 5

Hair cells are receptors for the senses of

A) vision and hearing.
B) taste and smell.
C) hearing and balance.
D) vision and smell.
E) touch and taste.

Question 6

The greater the amplitude of sound waves, the greater the

A) pitch.
B) volume.
C) brightness.
D) tone.
E) equilibrium.

Question 7

The sensory receptors found in skeletal muscles and joints are

A) hair cells.
B) otoliths.
C) rods.
D) cutaneous receptors.
E) proprioceptors.

Question 8

Which statement about the spiral organ is incorrect?

A) Its hair cells synapse with the cochlear nerve.
B) Each part is responsive to a different pitch.
C) It is found in the cochlea.
D) It contains the sensory receptors for hearing.
E) It has two main parts: the utricle and the saccule.

Question 9

The spiral organ is located in the

A) vestibule.
B) saccule.
C) utricle.
D) cochlea.
E) semicircular canals.

Question 10

Which sense requires the stimulation of chemoreceptors?

A) hearing
B) smell
C) balance
D) vision
E) touch

Question 11

You can tell "up" from "down" even when your eyes are closed. This is due to your

A) rotational equilibrium.
B) statocysts.
C) sense of hearing.
D) lateral line system.
E) gravitational equilibrium.

Question 12

Rhodopsin is found in

A) rod photoreceptors.
B) hair cells.
C) olfactory cells.
D) taste buds.
E) cone photoreceptors.

Question 13

The fovea of the eye is

A) the area where axons leave the retina.
B) the area where cones are primarily located.
C) the area where ciliary muscles contact the lens.
D) the area where rods are primarily located.
E) the opening in the iris.

Question 14

In order for sensory receptors for hearing to be stimulated, vibrations must pass through

A) air, then fluid, then bone.
B) fluid, then bone, then air.
C) air, then bone, then air again.
D) bone, then air, then fluid.
E) air, then bone, then fluid.

Question 15

"Naked eye astronomers" know that, if you want to view a dim star without a telescope you should

A) stare at it intently for several seconds.
B) close your left eye, then move your head slowly back and forth.
C) make sure that you are surrounded by bright lights.
D) not look directly at it.
E) avoid consuming foods that are rich in vitamin A.

Question 16

Which is not a type of taste?

A) umami
B) sweet
C) sour
D) bitter
E) hot

Question 17

A(n) _____ eye has a single lens.

A) simple
B) compound
C) static
D) camera-type
E) eyespot

Question 18

Which of these lists the structures, in the correct sequence, that light must pass through in order to reach the photoreceptors of the human eye?

A) retina→lens→pupil→cornea
B) lens→cornea→pupil→retina
C) lens→pupil→cornea→retina
D) cornea→lens→pupil→retina
E) cornea→pupil→lens→retina

Question 19

You notice your friend's MP3 player is turned up so loud you can make out the words to each song-even though she is wearing earbuds. Your friend should turn down the volume in order to avoid _____ deafness.

A) conduction
B) tone
C) cytotoxic
D) nerve
E) cerebral

Question 20

Bony fishes can detect other fishes thanks to their

A) gravitational equilibrium.
B) statocysts.
C) lateral line system.
D) rotational equilibrium.
E) compound eyes.

Question 21

According to the sliding filament model, when muscle tissue contracts,

A) the Z lines slide away from one another.
B) the myosin filaments shorten, while the actin filaments remain the same length.
C) the sarcomeres shorten.
D) the actin and myosin filaments shorten.
E) the T tubules shorten.

Question 22

You are taking notes in lecture, writing as fast as you can, when suddenly your hand become so stiff that you can't write any more! You pull the pencil from between your frozen fingers with your other hand, and after a few worried moments your hand is able to relax again. What happened?

A) The muscles in your hand depleted their supply of ATP, and the myosin heads could not detach from actin.
B) The muscles in your hand depleted their supply of acetylcholinesterase.
C) The muscles in your hand depleted their supply of Ca²⁺, and the myosin heads could not attach to actin.
D) The actin and myosin filaments in your hand muscles became detached from their Z lines.
E) The motor neurons stimulating your hand muscles depleted their supply of acetylcholine.

Question 23

Skeletal muscles do not

A) assist the movement of blood.
B) store calcium and fat.
C) help maintain body temperature.
D) protect internal organs.
E) enable the movement of body parts.

Question 24

The spaces in the ends of a long bone such as the femur contain

A) yellow bone marrow.
B) plasma.
C) osteocytes.
D) osteons.
E) red bone marrow.

Question 25

Which of these statements about contracting muscles is incorrect?

A) A contracting muscle shortens.
B) A contracting muscle uses cellular energy.
C) A contracting muscle may work as part of an antagonistic pair.
D) A contracting muscle can only push, it cannot pull.
E) A contracting muscle cannot push, it can only pull.

Question 26

Martha is 57 years old and has been overweight for the past several years. Although she hasn't changed her daily activity level, Martha is now experiencing pain in her hips and knees. What is most likely to be the cause of Martha's discomfort?

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) sprains
C) strains
D) osteoarthritis
E) bursitis

Question 27

The central cavity of a long bone is filled with

A) yellow bone marrow.
B) plasma.
C) osteocytes.
D) osteons.
E) red bone marrow.

Question 28

Which bones articulate at the joint stabilized by the rotator cuff?

A) humerus and scapula
B) coxal bone and femur
C) radius and humerus
D) femur and tibia
E) scapula and clavicle

Question 29

In a sarcomere, thick filaments are composed of _____ and thin filaments of _____.

A) actin; myosin
B) sarcoplasm; actin
C) myosin; actin
D) Z lines; T tubules
E) myosin; sarcolemma

Question 30

The contractile units of skeletal muscle are the

A) myofibrils.
B) sarcomeres.
C) sarcolemma.
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E) osteons.

Question 31

Which is the more slender bone of the lower leg?

A) radius
B) tibia
C) ulna
D) fibula
E) femur

Question 32

The hip and shoulder joints are not _____ joints.

A) freely movable
B) ball-and-socket
C) hinge
D) synovial
E) fluid-filled

Question 33

Which of these is a hinge joint?

A) the joint between the coxal bone and the femur
B) the joint between the scapula and the humerus
C) the joint between two adjacent vertebrae
D) the joint between the femur and the tibia and fibula
E) the joint between adjacent cranial bones

Question 34

If you want to prevent osteoporosis and strengthen muscles, your best approach would be to

A) eat foods rich in vitamin A.
B) exercise.
C) take calcium supplements.
D) lose weight.
E) seek medical treatment.

Question 35

The cells that deposit bone matrix are termed

A) osteoclasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteons.
D) osteoblasts.
E) marrow cells.

Question 36

Which bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

A) skull
B) vertebra
C) rib
D) sternum
E) scapula

Question 37

If you sprain your ankle, that means

A) the meniscus is torn.
B) the bursa has become inflamed.
C) the articular cartilage has worn away.
D) your immune system has attacked the ankle joint.
E) the ligaments and tendons at the ankle joint have been overstretched.

Question 38

The structural unit of compact bone is the

A) osteoclast.
B) osteocyte.
C) osteon.
D) osteoblast.
E) sarcomere.

Question 39

A grasshopper has a(n) _____ composed mainly of chitin.

A) exoskeleton
B) hydrostatic skeleton
C) metaskeleton
D) endoskeleton
E) preskeleton

Question 40

Which of these animals has a body supported by a hydrostatic skeleton?

A) lobster
B) deer
C) fruit fly
D) leech
E) millipede

Question 41

Your skeleton is a(n)

A) exoskeleton.
B) hydrostatic skeleton.
C) cartilaginous skeleton.
D) endoskeleton.
E) osteon.

Question 42

In the figure shown here, which of the following is the retina?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 43

Which of the following events would cease to function if the skeletal muscles became temporarily paralyzed?

A) fat and calcium storage would no longer occur
B) the movement of blood through the veins would not occur
C) the internal organs would lack any type of protection
D) core body temperature would decrease dramatically
E) the movement of blood through the arteries would not occur

Question 44

Which sense is found in all animals, and is thought to be the most primitive sense?

A) photoreception
B) mechanoreception
C) chemoreception
D) hearing
E) proprioception

Question 45

Which of these is responsible for rotational equilibrium?

A) auditory canal
B) ossicles
C) semicircular canals
D) cochlea
E) tympanic membrane

Question 46

Which statement correctly describes the structure of a compound eye?

A) composed of many independent visual units, each of which possesses a lens to focus light rays on photoreceptors
B) composed of a single visual unit that will possess a lens to focus light rays on photoreceptors
C) composed of many independent visual units that will collectively focus light rays on a single photoreceptor
D) composed of many independent visual units, each of which possesses a lens to focus light rays on a single photoreceptor
E) composed of single visual unit that will possess a lens to focus light rays on a single photoreceptor

Question 47

At a synovial joint, the bones are bound together by

A) tendons.
B) osteons.
C) sarcomeres.
D) ligaments.
E) hinges.

Question 48

Which of these puts the steps of sliding filament model of muscle contraction in the correct order?

A) ATP is hydrolyzed as myosin heads bind the actin filament→myosin heads bind ATP→ADP + P are released and the myosin heads pull the actin filament
B) Myosin heads bind ATP→ATP is hydrolyzed as myosin heads bind the actin filament→ADP + P are released and the myosin heads pull the actin filament.
C) ADP + P are released and the myosin heads pull the actin filament→ATP is hydrolyzed as myosin heads bind the actin filament→myosin heads bind ATP.
D) Myosin heads bind ATP→ ADP + P are released and the myosin heads pull the actin filament→ATP is hydrolyzed as myosin heads bind the actin filament.
E) ATP is hydrolyzed as myosin heads bind the actin filament→ADP + P are released and the myosin heads pull the actin filament→myosin heads bind ATP.

Question 49

What is the correct sequence of events required for fish to detect the physical presence of other fish within the school?

A) water currents cause the cilia within the gelatinous membrane to bend which causes a nerve impulse to go to the brain
B) sound waves cause the cilia within the gelatinous membrane to bend which causes a nerve impulse to go to the brain
C) a chemical signal will cause the cilia within the gelatinous membrane to bend which causes a nerve impulse to go to the brain
D) water currents cause a nerve impulse to go directly to the brain
E) a chemical signal will cause a nerve impulse to go directly to the brain

Question 50

Which of these belongs to the outer ear?

A) auditory canal
B) ossicles
C) semicircular canals
D) cochlea
E) tympanic membrane

Question 51

In the figure shown here, which of the following is the sclera?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 52

In order to lift a book from a table, your _____ must contract; to put the book back down, the _____ must contract.

A) meniscus; bursa
B) biceps; triceps
C) actin filament; myosin filament
D) bursa; meniscus
E) triceps; biceps

Question 53

If a drug prevents calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it would likely be used as a(n)

A) treatment for osteoarthritis.
B) treatment for osteoporosis.
C) muscle relaxant.
D) stimulant for blood cell production.
E) promoter of muscle contraction.

Question 54

The smell of crayons always brings back fond memories of kindergarten and makes you feel happy. This is because the olfactory bulbs have direct connections with the

A) limbic system.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cochlear nerve.
E) vestibular system.