Deck 8: The New Philosophy of Science

Question 1

The center of learning in Europe during the early part of the Scientific Revolution was the

A)University of Padua.
B)University of Paris.
C)University of Berlin.
D)Cambridge University.
E)Edinboro University.

Answer 1

University of Padua.

Question 2

Who was the first person to develop theories about medicine by doing scientific experiments?

A)Galen
B)da Vinci
C)Harvey
D)Ptolemy
E)Aristotle

Answer 2

Galen

Question 3

Who used a telescope to see and understand the universe better?

A)Copernicus
B)Ptolemy
C)Bruno
D)Brahe
E)Galileo

Answer 3

Galileo

Question 4

What was one of the most important reasons that scientific thought was popular in England?

A)James II promoted it.
B)Censorship was relatively rare.
C)Scientific experimentation was highly funded by the Catholic Church.
D)The greatest scientists were not connected to universities.
E)Political authority was highly centralized.

Question 5

To encourage the wide dispersal of the scientific revolution,writings were often published in

A)Esperanto.
B)Latin.
C)vernacular languages.
D)French.
E)English.

Question 6

Galileo Galilei was accused of committing what crime by Pope Urban VIII?

A)heresy
B)criticizing the pope
C)promoting the Protestant Reformation in Italy
D)supporting the views of Copernicus
E)failing to appear before the Inquisition

Question 7

Why did the idea that the earth and other planets were all circling around the sun upset theologians?

A)They believed the idea wasn't provable.
B)It meant that mankind had a special place in the universe.
C)They believed that the sun had always been at the center of the universe.
D)They believed that it reduced the importance of mankind in the universe.
E)They questioned the ability of the other planets to circle the sun.

Question 8

Deducing a conclusion from a set of premises is known as

A)inductive reasoning.
B)the scientific method.
C)Copernican logic.
D)deductive reasoning.
E)Newtonian principles.

Question 9

Those studying the universe used __________ and observation to reach their conclusions.

A)philosophy
B)Latin
C)theology
D)mathematics
E)history

Question 10

The Arabs came into contact with ancient Greek and Roman learning when they conquered the eastern reaches of

A)Greece.
B)Italy.
C)Persia.
D)the Byzantine Empire.
E)Austria.

Question 11

Whose version of the universe did medieval thinkers believe was correct?

A)Ptolemy's
B)Copernicus's
C)Galileo's
D)Bruno's
E)Galen's

Question 12

William Harvey was responsible for explaining

A)that the planets rotated around the sun.
B)that the universe was infinite.
C)how blood circulated through the body.
D)Galen's theory of anatomy.
E)that bodily humors did not exist.

Question 13

The nonscientific belief that the movement of the stars,planets,and sun influence human events is known as

A)astrology.
B)astronomy.
C)cartography.
D)astro-manipulation.
E)astrophysics.

Question 14

__________ developed a theory of universal gravitation.

A)Newton
B)Descartes
C)Galileo
D)Bruno
E)Locke

Question 15

Which early male philosopher believed that thought transcended gender differences?

A)Descartes
B)Newton
C)Leipzig
D)Locke
E)Bacon

Question 16

Who concluded that the earth circles the sun instead of the sun circling the earth?

A)Aristotle
B)Copernicus
C)Galen
D)Bruno
E)Ptolemy

Question 17

Which ancient philosopher dominated the view of science in the medieval period?

A)Ptolemy
B)Aristotle
C)Plato
D)Copernicus
E)Galen

Question 18

Learned associations and scientific societies formed during the Scientific Revolution to

A)make sure scientific knowledge remained only with those actively working on scientific discoveries.
B)ensure that scientific knowledge remained only in the upper classes.
C)ensure royal funding for the scientific community.
D)protect scientists from the Inquisition.
E)ensure the spread of scientific knowledge to those who were interested.

Question 19

Who discovered that the planets move in an elliptical orbit?

A)Brahe
B)Kepler
C)Copernicus
D)Dante
E)Bruno

Question 20

Francis Bacon called for the truths of the universe to be discovered through

A)the study of theology.
B)the study of philosophy.
C)scientific experimentation.
D)the study of Galileo Galilei.
E)strict observation.

Question 21

The Jansenists supported

A)the strict restriction of scientific investigation in France.
B)the enforcement of ecclesiastical overview of all scientific publications.
C)the refusal of all funds from the monarchy to support any scientific research.
D)the process of scientific discovery and debate.
E)the belief that all scientific investigation must be in line with Church teaching.

Question 22

The Index of Forbidden Ideas or Books was used by __________ to control ideas.

A)Jesuits
B)Lutherans
C)the papacy
D)Calvinists
E)Charles I of England

Question 23

What role did museums and botanical gardens play in the diffusion of new scientific knowledge?

Question 24

In Europe,the Scientific Revolution spread most slowly to the __________ because of the success of the Catholic Reformation.

A)West
B)north
C)south
D)British Isles
E)East

Question 25

The Scientific Revolution is most closely associated with

A)Protestantism.
B)Catholicism.
C)Judaism.
D)Jesuits.
E)the papacy.

Question 26

Which Russian ruler opened Russia to Western scientific ideas?

A)Ivan III
B)Ivan IV
C)Michael of Russia
D)Peter the Great
E)the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church

Question 27

Why did scientific ideas seem to flourish more easily in Protestant regions than in Catholic ones?