Deck 6: Thinking, Memory, Cognition, and Language

Question 1

The branch of psychology that focuses on memory,thinking,reasoning,and language is called ____________ psychology.

A)existential
B)psychoanalytic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Answer 1

cognitive

Question 2

The process by which we encode,store,and retrieve information is called memory.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The four-system memory theory proposes the existence of four separate memory stores.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Declarative memory can be broken down even further into procedural memory and semantic memory.

Question 5

Existential psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem-solving,knowing,reasoning,judging,and decision-making.

Question 6

Reasoning is the process by which information is used to draw conclusions and make decisions.

Question 7

Your memory of experiences in your own past may be a work of fiction that your brain has created.

Question 8

Memory modules represent separate memory systems in the brain.

Question 9

Despite the brief duration of sensory memory,its precision is high,and it can store an almost exact replica of each stimulus to which it is exposed.

Question 10

Material that makes its way from short-term memory to long-term memory enters a storehouse of almost unlimited capacity.

Question 11

If done properly,there will be no major obstacles to problem solving at each of the three major stages.

Question 12

A retrieval cue is a stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory.

Question 13

Culture has nothing to do with the way people frame information initially,how much they practice learning and recalling it,and the strategies they use to try to recall it.

Question 14

An algorithm is a thinking strategy that may lead us to a solution to a problem,but may sometimes lead to errors.

Question 15

Recall of information does not depend on the degree to which information is initially processed.

Question 16

All flashbulb memories are perfectly accurate and represent a true picture of the event that is remembered.

Question 17

Mental images are representations in the mind of an object or event.

Question 18

An algorithm is a rule that,if applied appropriately,guarantees a solution to a problem.

Question 19

If material is not stored properly in memory,then it cannot be recalled later.

Question 20

Psychologists define thinking as the manipulation of mental representations of information.

Question 21

The first stage of remembering something involves recording information in a form usable to memory and it is called _______________.

A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)processing

Question 22

Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts is known as ____________ memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 23

Kathy went to the mall and saw a girl that she recognized from her high school class,ten years ago.No matter how hard she tried to remember the name of the girl,she could not remember it.This is called the ____________________ phenomenon.

A)edge of the brain
B)tip-of-the-tongue
C)eye of the beholder
D)tip of the brain

Question 24

If you are good at playing trivia games because you know a lot of facts about the world,then you are exhibiting strength in which type of memory?

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 25

The initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant is called __________ memory.

A)sensory
B)short-term
C)long-term
D)processing

Question 26

____________________ occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion in order to remember it.

A)processing
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)declarative rehearsal
D)procedural rehearsal

Question 27

In ____________ memory,information is stored on a relatively permanent basis,although it may be difficult to retrieve.

A)sensory
B)short-term
C)long-term
D)processing

Question 28

The maintenance of material saved in memory is called ____________.

A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)processing

Question 29

Memory for factual information such as names,faces,dates,and facts is known as ___________ memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 30

Memory for skills and habits such as how to drive a car is known as ____________ memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 31

If you are trying to remember a phone number and you repeat it over and over again until you can write it down,you are using which technique?

A)processing
B)chunking
C)rehearsal
D)memory

Question 32

While you are taking a test in school,you are likely using which type of memory to answer the questions?

A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)processing

Question 33

If you have a knack for remembering people's names,you have good use of this type of memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 34

A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory is called ______________.

A)processing
B)chunking
C)rehearsal
D)memory

Question 35

Memory for events that occur in a particular time,place,or context is known as ____________ memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 36

If you clearly remember what you did on Thanksgiving four years ago because that was when your niece was born,then you are using ________________ memory.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 37

If your father taught you how to ride a bike when you were a child,but you have not ridden one in twenty years,you will rely on your ____________ memory to remember how to ride the bike now.

A)declarative
B)procedural
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 38

____________ memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds and stores it according to its meaning rather than as mere stimulation.

A)Sensory
B)Short-term
C)Long-term
D)Processing

Question 39

Material in memory storage has to be located and brought into awareness to be useful,and this process is called __________________.

A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)processing

Question 40

The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory is called ____________.

A)processing
B)chunking
C)rehearsal
D)memory

Question 41

The intentional or conscious recollection of information is called ____________ memory.

A)explicit
B)implicit
C)flashbulb
D)external

Question 42

Memories of which people are not consciously aware,but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior,are part of ______________ memory.

A)explicit
B)implicit
C)flashbulb
D)external

Question 43

The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use is known as __________.

A)mental set
B)heuristics
C)functional fixedness
D)means-ends

Question 44

The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist,which can affect perceptions as well and prevent you from seeing beyond the apparent constraints of a problem,is known as ______________.

A)mental set
B)heuristics
C)functional fixedness
D)means-ends

Question 45

Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory is known as ____________ forgetting.

A)decay
B)proactive interference
C)cue-dependent forgetting
D)retroactive interference

Question 46

Categorizations of objects,events,or people that share common properties are known as ____________.

A)mental images
B)concepts
C)mental lists
D)themes

Question 47

Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented are known as _____________ images.

A)declarative
B)mental
C)simplistic
D)production

Question 48

If you move to a new house and you are asked for your address,but can only remember your old address,you are exhibiting ______________ interference.

A)proactive
B)retroactive
C)cue-dependent
D)decay

Question 49

The loss of information in memory through its nonuse is known as _____________.

A)decay
B)proactive interference
C)cue-dependent forgetting
D)retroactive interference

Question 50

If you moved to a new house three years ago and you are asked for your old address for a form that you need to fill out,but cannot remember your old address,you are exhibiting _____________ interference.

A)proactive
B)retroactive
C)cue-dependent
D)decay

Question 51

A cognitive shortcut that may lead to a solution is the definition of which term?

A)Heuristics
B)Algorithm
C)Reasoning
D)Evaluation

Question 52

Repeated testing for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists is known as ___________ analysis.

A)heuristics
B)algorithm
C)means-ends
D)evaluative

Question 53

____________ is known as the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules.

A)Language
B)Babble
C)Speech
D)Grammar

Question 54

A rule that if applied appropriately,guarantees a solution to a problem,is the definition of which term?

A)Heuristics
B)Algorithm
C)Reasoning
D)Evaluation

Question 55

Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events are known as _____________ processes.

A)rebuilding
B)gauging
C)constructive
D)retrieval

Question 56

On September 11,2001,the United States was shocked to learn that the Twin Towers had been attacked.Many people can recall where they were,and what was happening when they heard about the events that continued to unfold on that fateful day.Remembering exactly where you were,and what you were doing is due to _________ memory.

A)flashbulb
B)episodic
C)short-term
D)sensory memory

Question 57

On September 11,2001,the United States was shocked to learn that the Twin Towers had been attacked.Many people can recall where they were,and what was happening when they heard about the events that continued to unfold on that fateful day.Remembering exactly where you were and what you were doing is due to this type of memory.

A)explicit
B)implicit
C)flashbulb
D)external

Question 58

Our recollection of circumstances and episodes from our own lives are known as ____________ memories.

A)flashbulb
B)autobiographical
C)implicit
D)explicit

Question 59

________________ consists of meaningless speechlike sounds made by children from around the age of three months through one year.

A)Language
B)Babble
C)Speech
D)Grammar

Question 60

Kathy went to the mall and saw a girl that she recognized from her high school class,ten years ago.No matter how hard she tried to remember the name of the girl,she could not remember it.This is called the ___________ phenomenon.

A)edge of your seat
B)tip-of-the-tongue
C)episodic memory
D)short-term memory

Question 61

A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory is called ______________.

Question 62

The maintenance of material saved in memory is called ____________.

Question 63

The initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant is called __________ memory.

Question 64

The loss of information in memory through its nonuse is known as _____________.

Question 65

The phenomenon by which children apply language rules,even when the application results in error,is known as __________________.

A)telegraphic speech
B)babbling
C)overgeneralization
D)speech error

Question 66

In ____________ memory,information is stored on a relatively permanent basis,although it may be difficult to retrieve.

Question 67

Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events are known as _____________ processes.

Question 68

The intentional or conscious recollection of information is called ____________ memory.

Question 69

______________ consists of sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out.

A)Language
B)Telegraphic speech
C)Babbling
D)Overgeneralization

Question 70

While you are taking a test in school,you are likely using this type of memory to answer the questions: _________________.

Question 71

Memory for skills and habits,such as how to drive a car,is known as ____________ memory.

Question 72

Our recollection of circumstances and episodes from our own lives are known as ____________ memories.

Question 73

Memory for factual information such as names,faces,dates,and facts is known as ___________ memory.

Question 74

____________ memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds and stores it according to its meaning rather than as mere stimulation.

Question 75

____________________ occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion in order to remember it.

Question 76

Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world,as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts,is known as ____________ memory.

Question 77

Memory for events that occur in a particular time,place,or context is known as ____________ memory.

Question 78

The first stage of remembering something involves recording information in a form usable to memory,and it is called _______________.

Question 79

The branch of psychology that focuses on memory,thinking,reasoning,and language is called ____________ psychology.

Question 80

Memories of which people are not consciously aware,but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior are part of ______________ memory.