Deck 2: Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

A combination of preference for using hand, foot, eye, and ear is referred to as

A)sidedness.
B)neuroplasticity.
C)hemispherization.
D)preferential lateralization.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

About _____ percent of people are strongly right- or left-handed with the rest showing some inconsistency in hand preference.

A)60
B)75
C)88
D)98

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Nic tends to gesture more with his right hand when he talks.Nic probably processes language

A)in his right hemisphere.
B)in his left hemisphere.
C)more inefficiently than if he gestured with his left hand.
D)in both hemispheres, since a majority of people do not have a dominant hemisphere for language processing.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Regarding speech and language processing by left-handers, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)All left-handers produce speech from the right hemisphere.
B)All left-handers produce speech from the left hemisphere.
C)Most left-handers use the right hemisphere for language processing.
D)Some left-handers use both sides of the brain for language processing.

Question 5

To assess the degree to which one is right-handed or left-handed, you would most likely use the

A)Ishihara Test of Hand Preference.
B)Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire.
C)16 PF.
D)MMPI-2.

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to indicate hemispheric dominance?

A)writing with a hooked hand
B)eye movement
C)handedness
D)where the hair parts most naturally

Question 7

_____ is considered the single most important behavioral indicator of sideness.

A)Eye preference
B)Ear preference
C)Leg movement
D)Handedness

Question 8

The left hemisphere is dominant for language function in

A)left-handers.
B)most right-handers and most left-handers.
C)no one.
D)some left-handers and a few right-handers.

Question 9

The right hemisphere is dominant for language for

A)all left-handed persons.
B)97 percent of right-handed persons and 50 percent of left-handed persons.
C)about 19 percent of left-handed persons and three percent of right-handed persons.
D)no one.

Question 10

Among humans, about _____ percent are right-handed.

A)10
B)20
C)50
D)90

Question 11

The only sure way to check brain dominance is to perform a medical test that involves

A)deep lesioning within each hemisphere.
B)anesthetizing one cerebral hemisphere at a time.
C)ablation.
D)karotyping and DNA analysis for lateralization.

Question 12

One's dominant hemisphere is considered the side of a person's brain that

A)controls hand movement.
B)controls eye movement.
C)organizes and plans activities.
D)produces language.

Question 13

Clear hand preferences can be determined

A)in fetal ultrasound images.
B)by age 6 months.
C)by age 18 months.
D)by age 36 months.

Question 14

Right-handed individuals who write with a straight hand and lefties who write with a hooked hand are usually

A)more intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
B)less intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
C)left-brain dominant for language.
D)right-brain dominant for language.

Question 15

Although handedness is a matter of degree, overall it can be said that _____ percent of all humans are right-handed, while _____ percent are left-handed.

A)75; 25
B)85; 15
C)90; ten
D)99; one

Question 16

Left-handed individuals who write with their hand below the writing line, and righties who use a hooked position in writing are usually

A)more intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
B)less intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
C)left-brain dominant for language.
D)right-brain dominant for language.

Question 17

Among humans, about _____ percent are left-handed.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 18

If you gesture more with your left hand, you probably process language

A)in your right hemisphere.
B)in your left hemisphere.
C)more inefficiently than if you gestured with your right hand.
D)in both hemispheres, since you do not have a dominant hemisphere.

Question 19

Regarding hand preferences, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Prenatal hand preferences persist for at least ten years after birth.
B)Parents should never try to force a left-handed child to use the right hand.
C)Forcing a left-handed child to use the right hand may create speech or reading problems.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 20

Lynn tends to almost always lean her head to the right when she is kissing her boyfriend Mike.When using a microscope at work, Lynn tends to use her right eye and even breathes better through her right nostril.Lynn's right preference illustrates

A)sidedness.
B)neuroplasticity.
C)acquired hemispherization.
D)preferential lateralization.

Question 21

Regarding left-handed persons, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Lefties are generally more lateralized than those who are right-handed.
B)Lefties recover more slowly from brain injury.
C)Lefties are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects.
D)All of these statements are true of lefties.

Question 22

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Handedness is directly inherited from one's parents like eye color or skin color.
B)Handedness appears to be influenced by a single gene on the X chromosome.
C)Learning and social pressure to use the right hand can affect which hand one ends up favoring.
D)Birth traumas can affect which hand one ends up favoring.

Question 23

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Lefties are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects.
B)There are more left-handed architects, artists, and chess players than would be expected in the population.
C)The physical size and shape of the two cerebral hemispheres of lefties is more alike than that of righties.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 24

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People with inconsistent handedness (as opposed to consistent left-handers) may be at risk for more immune-related diseases.
B)Left-handed persons have a higher incidence of allergies and learning disorders.
C)Individualistic cultures have half as many left-handed persons as collectivist cultures.
D)Environmental factors, such as learning, birth traumas, and social pressure to use the right hand can affect which hand you end up favoring.

Question 25

In general, left-handed people _____ than right-handed people.

A)have more difficulty learning math
B)have less symmetry between the right and left side of their body
C)have more difficulty visualizing three-dimensional objects
D)recover more easily from brain injury

Question 26

_____ refers to specialization in the abilities of the brain hemispheres.

A)Ablation
B)Corticalization
C)Lateralization
D)Ambidextrous

Question 27

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A small minority of lefties owe their hand preferences to birth traumas, such as prematurity, low birth weight, and breech birth.
B)Left-handed persons have a significantly lower incidence of allergies and learning disorders than right-handed persons.
C)People with inconsistent handedness may be at risk for more immune-related diseases than persons who are consistently left-handed.
D)Collectivist cultures where left-handedness is viewed as especially negative have about half the proportion of left-handed persons as individualistic cultures.

Question 28

The supposed clumsiness of left-handed people is a consequence of their

A)living in a right-handed world.
B)lack of dexterity in the left hand.
C)poor motor control.
D)lack of brain dominance.

Question 29

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Handedness is directly inherited, like eye color and skin color.
B)Handedness is influenced by a single gene on the X chromosome.
C)Two left-handed parents are more likely than two right-handed parents to have a left-handed child.
D)Social pressure can affect which hand you end up favoring.

Question 30

Differences between the two sides of the body, especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemispheres is referred to as

A)ablation.
B)corticalization.
C)lateralization.
D)ambidextrous.

Question 31

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Gifted mathematicians are usually right-handed.
B)Most musicians are ambidextrous or moderately left-handed.
C)Left-handed persons have more difficulty recovering from brain injury and language loss.
D)Right-handed persons are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects.

Question 32

The brainstem consists of all of the following parts of brain EXCEPT the

A)cerebellum.
B)pons.
C)medulla.
D)amygdala.

Question 33

The proportion of left-handers in _____ is half that found in _____.

A)individualistic cultures; collectivist cultures
B)collectivist cultures; individualistic cultures
C)American adulthood; American children and teens
D)Western cultures; Eastern cultures

Question 34

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The majority of left-handers owe their hand preference to birth traumas.
B)Two left-handed parents are more likely to have a left-handed child than two right- handed parents are.
C)Left-handers are more symmetrical in eye dominance, fingerprints, and foot size than right-handers.
D)Left-handers due to birth trauma have a higher incidence of allergies and learning disorders.

Question 35

Which country would have the highest number of left-handers?

A)Japan
B)India
C)Canada
D)All countries have the same number of left-handers.

Question 36

"Lefties" have done extremely well in which of the following professional sports?

A)boxing
B)fencing
C)tennis
D)all of these

Question 37

Regarding handedness, which of the following is FALSE?

A)Students who are extremely gifted in math are much more likely to be left-handed or ambidextrous.
B)Left-handed persons typically experience more language loss after damage to the brain and recover more slowly than right-handed persons.
C)Left-handers are more symmetrical in eye dominance, fingerprints, and foot size than right-handers.
D)The physical size and shape of the two cerebral hemispheres are more alike in lefties than in righties.

Question 38

Working in Montreal in the 1950s, _____ found self-stimulation sites, or "pleasure centers" in the rat's brain and showed how rats would endure even painful shocks to receive a stimulation of this "pleasure center."

A) James Olds
B) John B. Watson
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Carl Rogers

Question 39

People who are left-handed have a strong advantage in

A)boxing.
B)basketball.
C)ice skating.
D)baseball.

Question 40

Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The finding that left-handed persons are more accident-prone may really be a result of having to live in a right-handed world.
B)Left-handed locomotive engineers have higher accident rates with a possible cause being that the locomotive controls were designed for the right hand.
C)The shortage of very old lefties may reflect that more left-handed children were forced to become right-handed, so the lefties are masquerading as righties.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 41

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the axon.

Question 42

The tiny packets located in the axon terminal that store and release neurotransmitters are the

A)nucleolus.
B)dendritic receptors.
C)synaptic vesicles.
D)golgi bodies.

Question 43

The _____ is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the Sylvian fissure.

A)limbic system
B)hindbrain
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe

Question 44

The _____ lobe of the brain that is located at the back of the brain just above the cerebellum.

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)reticular

Question 45

The longitudinal fissure separates the

A)midbrain and hindbrain.
B)forebrain and midbrain.
C)frontal and temporal lobes.
D)right and left hemispheres.

Question 46

Which part of a neuron comes from the Greek word meaning "tree"?

A)cell body
B)soma
C)axon
D)dendrites

Question 47

An action potential causes a release of dopamine from the _____ with dopamine being inactivated by a reuptake process in the _____ that removes it from the synaptic cleft.

A)dendritic receptor; dendritic receptor
B)axon terminal; axon terminal
C)dendritic receptor; axon terminal
D)axon terminal; dendritic receptor

Question 48

To understand the relationship between the brain and cognition, researchers are using structural and functional imaging techniques to study_____, a form of dementia that is characterized by a gradual loss of knowledge for details, while an ability to understand more general concepts is maintained.

A)Down's syndrome
B)Klinefelter's syndrome
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Pick's disease

Question 49

During an action potential, the axon's ion channels pop open to allow chlorine ions to rush into the axon.

Question 50

When anesthesia or toxins, such as tetrodotoxin from the puffer fish, block a sodium channel, they

A)prevent an action potential from occurring.
B)cause a negative after-potential to occur.
C)decrease the amount of dopamine at the receptor sites.
D)cause an excessive release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.

Question 51

Nerve gases prevent the normal breakdown and inactivation of which neurotransmitter?

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)histamine
D)serotonin

Question 52

The _____, which is part of the hindbrain, constitutes ten percent of the brain's total volume.

A)reticular formation
B)cerebellum
C)corpus callosum
D)hypothalamus

Question 53

The _____ lobe of the brain is located just behind the frontal lobe and is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus.

A)reticular
B)occipital
C)temporal
D)parietal

Question 54

The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the _____, while the frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the _____.

A)myelin channel; reticular formation
B)reticular formation; myelin channel
C)central sulcus; Sylvian fissure
D)Sylvian fissure; central sulcus

Question 55

Within the nucleus of the cell body is the _____ that transcribes information in the genes into RNA, which makes the substances that the neuron needs to live and function.

A)cytoplasm
B)mitochondria
C)nucleolus
D)lysosome

Question 56

The _____ is a bundle of about 200 million nerve fibers that handles communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A)reticular formation
B)limbic system
C)corpus callosum
D)hippocampus

Question 57

The _____ consists of two egg-shaped masses of gray matter and is located just above the top of the brainstem and directly beneath the cerebrum.

A)thalamus
B)medulla
C)pons
D)reticular formation

Question 58

An action potential originates at the _____ located on the surface of the cell body.

A)receptor site
B)synaptic vesicle
C)nucleolus
D)axon hillock

Question 59

When one looks at a model of the cerebral cortex, the ridges are called _____, while the furrows are called _____.

A)gyri; sulci
B)sulci; gyri
C)hillocks; arcs
D)arc; hillocks

Question 60

Two structures that are part of the limbic system are the

A)medulla and pons.
B)reticular formation and cerebellum.
C)amygdala and hippocampus.
D)corpus callosum and brainstem.

Question 61

Superior human intelligence is related to the fact that humans have brains with larger cerebellums.

Question 62

A barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting.This response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system EXCEPT the brain.

Question 63

The central nervous system is composed of the autonomic and somatic systems.

Question 64

Damage to the left hemisphere may cause a problem known as spatial neglect.

Question 65

The whitish, fatty substance that surrounds the axon and aids conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called neurilemma.

Question 66

A nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a sensory neuron.

Question 67

Neurons cannot be seen without a microscope.

Question 68

Studies in which patients underwent cognitive behavioral therapy for phobias produced improvements in their behaviors and also changed the patient's brain activity.

Question 69

Musicians, who practice special motor skills throughout their lives, have larger than average cerebellums.

Question 70

A functional MRI gives both a three-dimensional structural view of the brain as well as making brain activity visible.

Question 71

If an individual calls a "sofa" a "table" or a "stool," she or he may have experienced damage to Wernicke's area.

Question 72

Concerning information processing, the left hemisphere utilizes simultaneous processing and tends to focus on the overall pattern.

Question 73

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a band of fibers called the corpus callosum.

Question 74

The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as synaptic gaps.

Question 75

Haier and his associates found that the brains of people who perform well on mental tests consume less energy than those who perform poorly on these tests.

Question 76

The chemicals released at the axon terminal are called neurotransmitters.

Question 77

When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, one's salivation, digestion, and production of tears are inhibited.

Question 78

Visual images are accurately represented in miniature in the occipital lobes much like a "little TV screen" in the brain.

Question 79

A healthy 75-year-old brain has just as many neurons as it did when it was a healthy 25-year-old brain.

Question 80

An arch of tissue at the rear of the temporal lobes, called the primary somatosensory area, directs the body's muscles.