Deck 9: Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Question 1

The label on the package states that a particular food is 80 percent fat-free, which also means that it is made up of 20 percent fat.The difference is how this information is stated illustrates how ____________________ affects our problem-solving.

Answer 1

framing

Question 2

The job criteria states that you must have a master's degree or a
B.S.degree and two years of supervisory experience; thus, the job criteria is a(n) ____________________ concept.

Answer 2

disjunctive

Question 3

____________________ images tend to generate the most original solutions to problems.

Answer 3

Created

Question 4

A quick, impulsive thought that does not typically make use of formal logic or clear reasoning describes ____________________.

Question 5

A learned set of rules that always leads to a correct solution is known as a(n) ____________________.

Question 6

If you take an IQ test today, the test examiner will convert your relative standing on this test for your age group to a(n) ____________________ IQ.

Question 7

The study of the meaning of words is called ____________________.

Question 8

____________________ is an internal representation of a problem or situation involving images, concepts, and symbols.

Question 9

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called ____________________.

Question 10

Beliefs, such as "fantasy and playfulness are only for children," can interfere with problem-solving and are called ____________________ barriers to thinking.

Question 11

According to Sternberg and Davidson, ____________________ refers to selecting information that is relevant to a problem, while ignoring distractions.

Question 12

A child who says, "I goed to the store" is using ____________________ rules to generate this sentence.

Question 13

The stage of creative thought during which problem-solving proceeds at a subconscious level is the ____________________ stage.

Question 14

____________________ thinking goes from specific facts to general principles.

Question 15

You read the two chapters twice before taking your psychology test, but you made a low grade.If you study for the next test the same way, although this strategy did not work the last time, you are exhibiting ____________________.

Question 16

In a(n) ____________________ program, English-speaking children and children with limited English proficiency are taught part of the day in English and part in a second language.
or

Question 17

To you "a vacation" means "sitting on a beach reading a book," which illustrates a(n) ____________________ meaning of "a vacation."

Question 18

In 1904, the minister of education in Paris asked ____________________ to find a way to distinguish slower students from the more capable (or the capable but lazy) and in so doing the modern intelligence test was "born."
or

Question 19

If 98 out of 100 people respond "oak tree" when asked to name what tree best represents the concept of "tree," then "oak tree" would be called a(n)____________________.

Question 20

Will has a mental age of eleven and a chronological age of ten.Will's IQ is ____________________.
or
or

Question 21

Your child, like other children at his or her school, is being tested several times a year with standardized tests.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this mass testing for your child?

Question 22

Explain how the Stanford-Binet (SB5) and Wechsler tests are similar to the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and how they are different.

Question 23

A(n) ____________________ test is designed to measure intelligence without the influence of a person's cultural background, verbal skills, or educational level.
or

Question 24

Describe how a mental image is formed, and explain the differences in stored and created images.

Question 25

What is the accepted general definition of intelligence, and what is an operational definition of intelligence?

Question 26

A(n) ____________________ intellectual disability occurs most often in very poor households where nutrition, intellectual stimulation, medical care, and emotional support are inadequate.

Question 27

Describe and give an example of each of the four barriers to problem-solving.

Question 28

Explain the difference between a "harebrained scheme" and a "stroke of genius" as it relates to creativity, and describe the different ways that creativity can be assessed.

Question 29

Describe the three properties of a language, and explain to what extent gestural languages possess these properties.

Question 30

According to Robert Sternberg, "street smarts," or ____________________ intelligence may be seen by minority cultures as more important than "book learning," or ____________________ intelligence.

Question 31

Eppie understands herself very well, but has difficulty understanding the motives of others.According to Gardner, Eppie would be high in ____________________ intelligence, but low in ____________________ intelligence.

Question 32

Explain how video games, the Internet, and television may actually have increased the intelligence in Westernized nations.

Question 33

Sarita is four years old, but she enjoys talking with older children and with adults.She shows kindness to people, is cooperative, has an excellent memory, and has been talking in complete sentences since she was two.Sarita is showing early signs of ____________________.

Question 34

A(n) ____________________ curve is a bell-shaped curve characterized by a large number of scores in the middle area, tapering to very few extremely high or low scores.

Question 35

Explain the differences in the three types of concepts, and give an example of each type.

Question 36

Sam has an IQ of 65, his educational classification is educable, and he needs only intermittent support regarding his adaptive skills.According to the DSM-IV-TR, Sam would be classified as having a(n) _____________________ intellectual disability.

Question 37

____________________ involves computer programs that are capable of human-like problem-solving.

Question 38

In Terman's study, ____________________ was the main difference between the gifted who were considered to be the most successful from those considered to be the least successful as adults.
or
or

Question 39

Describe and give an example of each of the following errors made when using intuition:
(a) representativeness heuristic, (b) emotion, (c) ignoring the base rate, and (d) framing.

Question 40

In the Skeels study, intellectually-disabled children were moved from an orphanage to a setting in which they received more personal attention.The children's IQ, on the average, ____________________.
or