Deck 19: Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Question 1

Measures of central tendency fall into the category of

A)nominal scales.
B)ordinal scales.
C)descriptive statistics.
D)inferential statistics.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Graphical statistics fall into the category of

A)nominal scales.
B)ordinal scales.
C)descriptive statistics.
D)inferential statistics.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Graphical statistics

A)present numbers in a pictorial format.
B)numerically describe a "typical" score in a distribution.
C)show the arithematic average of a set of data.
D)indicate how scores differ from each other numerically.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Regarding statistics, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Statistics help us draw valid conclusions about what we have observed.
B)Statistics bring greater clarity and precision to psychological thought and research.
C)There are two major major types of statistics: frequency and graphical.
D)Psychologists use statistics because they often have to base decisions on a limited amount of data.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of descriptive statistics?

A)graphical statistics
B)inferential statistics
C)measures of central tendency
D)measures of variability

Question 6

Inferential statistics are used to

A)"boil down" numbers.
B)summarize numbers.
C)create a frequency distribution.
D)generalize from small samples.

Question 7

Graphical statistics, measures of central tendency, and measures of variability are the three basic types of _____ statistics.

A)nominal
B)inferential
C)descriptive
D)ordinal

Question 8

Regarding frequency distributions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The entire range of possible scores is broken down into classes of equal size.
B)Scores are often expressed graphically to make them more "visual."
C)Scores are listed in random order.
D)Large amounts of numerical information can be clearly organized.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the use of graphical statistics?

A)breaking down a set of math test scores into classes of equal size
B)drawing a histogram based on a set of scores from a personality questionnaire
C)graphing a set of IQ scores using a frequency polygon
D)all of these

Question 10

_____ are techniques for presenting numbers pictorially, often by plotting them on a graph.

A)Graphical statistics
B)Inferential statistics
C)Figural statistics
D)Nominal statistics

Question 11

Measures of variability belong to which of the following?

A)nominal scales
B)ordinal scales
C)descriptive statistics
D)inferential statistics

Question 12

A _____ is made by breaking down the entire range of possible scores into classes of equal size and then recording the number of scores falling into each class.

A)scatter diagram
B)variability plot
C)correlational matrix
D)frequency distribution

Question 13

Frequency distributions provide a method of

A)measuring z-scores.
B)extracting data from samples.
C)making inferences.
D)organizing data and summarizing data.

Question 14

_____ statistics are used to summarize large amounts of data so that they become more meaningful and easier to communicate to others.

A)Descriptive
B)Inferential
C)Nominal
D)Ordinal

Question 15

The types of descriptive statistics include

A)graphical statistics.
B)measures of central tendency.
C)measures of variability.
D)all of these.

Question 16

_____ statistics are used to summarize numerical data, while _____ statistics are used for decision making and generalizing from small samples.

A)Nominal; ordinal
B)Ordinal; nominal
C)Descriptive; inferential
D)Inferential; descriptive

Question 17

After administering a unit test to her psychology students, a college professor calculates the mean and range for this test in order to better understand the performance of her students on the material in this unit.This professor is using _____ statistics.

A)descriptive
B)inferential
C)nominal
D)ordinal

Question 18

A psychologist concludes his method would be effective for teaching math to all third graders on the basis of testing it on a selected group of third graders with a control group for comparison.He is making use of

A)descriptive statistics.
B)correlations.
C)inferential statistics.
D)z-scores.

Question 19

Descriptive statistics are helpful in doing all of the following EXCEPT

A)making numerical information more meaningful.
B)communicating numerical data to other people.
C)drawing conclusions from small samples.
D)summarizing large amounts of data.

Question 20

_____ statistics are used for decision-making, for generalizing from small samples, and for drawing conclusions.

A)Descriptive
B)Inferential
C)Nominal
D)Ordinal

Question 21

A histogram can be described as a type of

A)bar graph.
B)polygon.
C)frequency mode.
D)class interval.

Question 22

A measure of _____ is simply a number describing a "typical score" around which other scores fall.

A)variability
B)central tendency
C)normality
D)cohesion

Question 23

Measures of central tendency

A)present numbers in a pictorial format.
B)describe a "typical" score in a distribution.
C)allow one to generalize from small samples.
D)indicate how scores differ from each other.

Question 24

A _____ is a graph of a frequency distribution in which the number of scores falling in each class is represented by points on a line.

A)scatter matrix
B)histogram
C)frequency polygon
D)correlation matrix

Question 25

Kayla wants to create an organized summary of the number of people interested in each of the fifteen new products her company has designed.She should construct a

A)frequency distribution.
B)range table.
C)variability matrix.
D)standard deviation scale.

Question 26

Carol is drawing a graph of a frequency distribution in which she places the number of scores falling in each class as points on a line.Carol is graphing a

A)scatter matrix.
B)histogram.
C)frequency polygon.
D)correlation matrix.

Question 27

Abscissa is to ordinate as

A)vertical axis is to horizontal axis.
B)horizontal axis is to vertical axis.
C)measure of central tendency is to frequency distribution.
D)frequency distribution is to measure of central tendency.

Question 28

A single number that describes a "middle score" is a(n)

A)inferential statistic.
B)measure of central tendency.
C)z-score.
D)frequency distribution.

Question 29

A bar graph is to a _____ as dots connected by straight lines are to _____.

A)scatter diagram; histogram
B)frequency polygon; scatter diagram
C)histogram; frequency polygon
D)frequency; histogram

Question 30

If you add up all the scores and then divide by the number of scores, you arrive at the

A)mean.
B)median.
C)mode.
D)range.

Question 31

The mean, median, and mode are

A)inferential statistics.
B)measures of central tendency.
C)measures of variability.
D)graphical statistics.

Question 32

Sorting scores into classes is a necessary step in creating a

A)frequency distribution.
B)correlation.
C)scatter diagram.
D)variability plot.

Question 33

Vertical bars are used to indicate frequencies in a

A)frequency polygon.
B)scatter diagram.
C)normal distribution.
D)histogram.

Question 34

The mean, median, and _____ are measures of central tendency.

A)range
B)module
C)mode
D)standard deviation

Question 35

The propensity for a majority of scores to fall in the midrange of possible values is referred to as

A)central tendency.
B)inferential probability.
C)the causal correlational effect.
D)frequency distribution.

Question 36

A _____ is made by labeling class intervals on the abscissa, frequencies on the ordinate, and then drawing bars for each class interval with the height of each bar being determined by the number of scores in each class.

A)scatter diagram
B)histogram
C)frequency polygon
D)normal curve

Question 37

On a graph, the horizontal line or the X axis is called the _____, while the vertical line or Y axis is called the _____.

A)abscissa; ordinate
B)ordinate; abscissa
C)standard deviation; central tendency
D)central tendency; standard deviation

Question 38

Histograms and frequency polygons are visual representations of

A)frequency distributions.
B)nominal scales.
C)inferential statistics.
D)differential statistics.

Question 39

Which is NOT a measure of central tendency?

A)mean
B)mode
C)range
D)median

Question 40

Professor Warren calculated the mean, median, and mode of the scores made on the midterm exam.These descriptive statistics are known as

A)inferential statistics.
B)the measures of central tendency.
C)the measures of variability.
D)graphical statistics.

Question 41

The _____ is sensitive to extremely high or low scores in a distribution.

A)mean
B)midst
C)mode
D)median

Question 42

Which measure of central tendency represents the "middle score" in a group of scores?

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)range

Question 43

If one wants to find the median of an even number of scores, one

A)selects one of the two middle scores as the median.
B)lists both middle scores as the median.
C)averages the two scores that "share" the middle spot.
D)cannot calculate a median on an even number of scores.

Question 44

The Reeds have five children aged 2, 6, 9, 11, and 14.The median age of the Reed children is

A)3.
B)6.
C)7.
D)9.

Question 45

Which measure of central tendency indicates the most frequently occurring score in a distribution?

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)range

Question 46

The 45 students in your psychology section took the test.Your instructor adds together the scores made by these students and divides by 45 to obtain the

A)median.
B)mode.
C)range.
D)mean.

Question 47

An advantage of using the mode is that it

A)is sensitive to very high or very low scores in a distribution.
B)gives the score actually obtained by the greatest number of people.
C)is very reliable when there is a small group of scores.
D)is the most valid inferential statistic that one can use.

Question 48

The _____ represents the point in a group of scores where half the values of the group of scores fall below the median and half fall above.

A)median
B)mean
C)mode
D)range

Question 49

The 25 students in the psychology class take a 20-point quiz.Five of the students each obtained a score of 10 on the quiz, ten students each obtained a score of 15, and ten students each obtained a perfect scores of 20.What would be the mean of these scores?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 50

The _____ is found by arranging scores from the highest to the lowest and selecting the score that falls in the middle.

A)range
B)mean
C)median
D)mode

Question 51

One problem with the mean is that it

A)is very difficult to compute.
B)is sensitive to extremely high or low scores.
C)gives the score actually obtained by the greatest number of people.
D)cannot be used in determining other statistical values.

Question 52

Measures of variability

A)present numbers in a pictorial format.
B)describe a "typical" score in a distribution.
C)allow one to generalize from small samples.
D)indicate how scores differ from each other.

Question 53

The _____ represents the point in a group of scores where half the values of the group of scores fall below the median and half fall above, while the _____ is the most frequently occurring score in a group of scores.

A)median; mode
B)mean; median
C)mode; mean
D)mode; median

Question 54

There are ten students in the pre-kindergarten class.Each student is shown eight colors and asked to name them.The number of colors correctly named by each student was: 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4.What would be the mode?

A)4.0
B)6.7
C)7.0
D)8.0

Question 55

There are ten students in the pre-kindergarten class.Each student is shown eight colors and asked to name them.The number of colors correctly named by each student was: 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4.What would be the median?

A)4.0
B)6.7
C)7.0
D)8.0

Question 56

The median is a measure of _____, while the range is a measure of _____.

A)central tendency; variability
B)variability; central tendency
C)correlation; dispersion
D)dispersion; correlation

Question 57

Twenty psychology students took a 10-point practice test.Their scores were as follows: 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10.What would be the median?

A)4.0
B)6.7
C)7.0
D)8.0

Question 58

Carla and her five girlfriends went shopping and spent $20, $12, $13, $8, $13, and $9, respectively, on cosmetics.The mode of their expenditures is

A)$9.
B)$11.
C)$12.
D)$13.

Question 59

There are ten students in the pre-kindergarten class.Each student is shown eight colors and asked to name them.The number of colors correctly named by each student was: 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4.What would be the mean?

A)4.0
B)5.7
C)6.7
D)8.0

Question 60

Given these scores 22, 44, 33, 55, 33, 22, 44, 22, 55, 22, the mode is

A)22.
B)33.
C)44.
D)55.

Question 61

When the scores are close together, the number representing this variability will be

A)large.
B)small.
C)random.
D)in the negative domain.

Question 62

The _____ is a number that tells how many standard deviations above or below the mean a score is.

A)z-score
B)Pearson r
C)median
D)coefficient of correlation

Question 63

Z-scores

A)are a type of standard score.
B)enable you to see where someone scored in relation to the mean.
C)tell you how many standard deviations above or below the mean a score is.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 64

The psychology test scores for five students are 100, 82, 96, 75, and 90.For this distribution of scores, the range is

A)6.
B)14.
C)25.
D)36.

Question 65

Measures of _____ provide a single score that describes how scattered or "spread out" a distribution of scores is.

A)central tendency
B)the mean
C)variability
D)the median

Question 66

What two statistics are needed to calculate a standard score?

A)range and midst
B)mean and standard deviation
C)range and mode
D)standard deviation and z-score

Question 67

For the numbers 10, 19, 2, 9, and 15, the range is

A)10.
B)11.
C)15.
D)17.

Question 68

The number of standard deviation units a score falls above or below the mean defines its

A)median.
B)correlation coefficient.
C)z-score.
D)average.

Question 69

The index of how much a typical score differs from the mean of a group of scores is known as the

A)z-score.
B)range.
C)Pearson r.
D)standard deviation.

Question 70

There are ten students in the pre-kindergarten class.Each student is shown eight colors and asked to name them.The number of colors correctly named by each student was: 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4.What would be the range?

A)4.0
B)6.7
C)7.0
D)8.0

Question 71

Gayle had a score of 80 in a class with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 5.Her z-score is

A)+2.0.
B)+1.0.
C)-1.0.
D)-2.0.

Question 72

Which of the following is the most basic measure of variability?

A)median
B)average deviation
C)standard deviation
D)range

Question 73

In order to convert a number to a z-score, it is necessary to know the mean and the _____ of a group of scores.

A)range
B)correlation
C)mode
D)standard deviation

Question 74

The variability of a set of scores refers to the _____ of those scores.

A)average
B)spread
C)uniqueness
D)probability

Question 75

To obtain the _____ of a group of scores, one must find the difference of each score from the mean, square each difference, find the average of this total, and, lastly, take the square root of this average.

A)standard deviation
B)range
C)correlation coefficient
D)median

Question 76

A particular advantage of the standard deviation is that it

A)indicates the central tendency of a group of scores.
B)gives the score actually obtained by the greatest number of people.
C)does not require having to use the mean.
D)can be used to "standardize" scores to give them more meaning.

Question 77

When the scores are widely spread, the number representing this variability will be

A)large.
B)small.
C)random.
D)in the negative domain.

Question 78

Which of the following is a measure of variability?

A)range
B)mean
C)median
D)mode

Question 79

The difference between the highest and lowest scores is known as the

A)range.
B)average deviation.
C)median.
D)standard deviation.

Question 80

The range and standard deviation are measures of

A)central tendency.
B)variability.
C)frequency distribution.
D)correlation.