Deck 3: Organizational Commitment

Question 1

Employees who feel a sense of continuance commitment identify with the organization, accept that organization's goals and values, and are more willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A lack of employment alternatives is one of the factors that increase continuance commitment.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Affective commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Embeddedness is a concept that is unique to Western cultures such as the United States and Canada.

Question 5

Continuance commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation.

Question 6

Organizational commitment is the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization.

Question 7

Jack grew up in Peoria. Both his family and his wife's family live there. This family background would create a high level of affective commitment.

Question 8

Exit is defined as a passive, destructive response to a negative work event in which interest and effort on the job declines.

Question 9

Embeddedness summarizes a person's links to the organization and the community, his/her sense of fit with that organization and community, and what he/she would have to sacrifice for a job change.

Question 10

The three types of organizational commitment are continuance, normative, and affective.

Question 11

The social influence model of withdrawal behavior suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.

Question 12

Affective commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

Question 13

Continuance commitment tends to create more of a passive form of loyalty than affective commitment.

Question 14

Loyalty is defined as an active, constructive response to a negative work event in which individuals attempt to improve the situation.

Question 15

Organizational commitment should increase the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with voice or loyalty.

Question 16

Edna says, "I'm staying at ABC Corporation because their retirement benefits are excellent." Edna is expressing normative commitment.

Question 17

Continuance commitment focuses on personal and family issues more than affective and normative commitment.

Question 18

Continuance commitment exists when there's a profit associated with staying and a cost associated with leaving.

Question 19

Voice is defined as a passive, constructive response to a negative work event that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement.

Question 20

The erosion model suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave.

Question 21

The progression model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another-that doing one means you're less likely to do another. The idea is that any form of withdrawal can compensate for, or neutralize, a sense of dissatisfaction, which makes the other forms unnecessary.

Question 22

Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company.

Question 23

Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance and merely exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.

Question 24

Which of the following terms refers to the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization?

A) Organizational efficacy
B) Organizational control
C) Organizational efficiency
D) Organizational commitment
E) Organizational effectiveness

Question 25

By 2016, minority groups will make up one-third of the workforce.

Question 26

The set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation that may eventually culminate in the employee quitting the organization are referred to as _____ behavior.

A) productivity
B) commitment
C) performance
D) withdrawal
E) citizenship

Question 27

Employees categorized as citizens demonstrate the highest levels of organizational commitment and behave in an active, constructive manner.

Question 28

Transactional contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.

Question 29

The independent forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.

Question 30

When employees engage in moonlighting, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.

Question 31

The compensatory forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated.

Question 32

Employees in the category of apathetics demonstrate passive, destructive behavior. They exert the minimum level of effort required to keep their jobs.

Question 33

Tardiness reflects the tendency to arrive at work late or leave work early.

Question 34

The progression model of withdrawal behavior has received the most scientific support.

Question 35

Survivor syndrome refers to the anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt of the employees who remain after an organization downsizes.

Question 36

Examples of psychological withdrawal include missing meetings and tardiness.

Question 37

Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

Question 38

Research suggests that the continued participation of Baby Boomers in the workforce will subtract a significant amount from the U.S. economic output.

Question 39

Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" tend to respond to negative events with voice because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change.

Question 40

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is absenteeism.

Question 41

Which of the following terms refers to the various people, places, and things that can inspire a desire to remain a member of an organization?

A) Focus of influence
B) Focus of commitment
C) Focus of attention
D) Focus of performance
E) Focus of dominance

Question 42

Normative commitment from employees can result from all of these except:

A) the personal work principles of employees.
B) organizational socialization.
C) creating a feeling that the employee is in the organization's debt.
D) increasing the organization's charitable activities.
E) implementing a matrix structure in the organization.

Question 43

Maria is rather quiet at her workplace. Her only friend at work, Nancy, quit the company a month ago. The _____ model suggests that Maria is more likely to quit her job because Nancy is no longer working in the same organization.

A) social identity
B) continuance
C) progression
D) embedded
E) social influence

Question 44

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment that focuses on personal and family issues more than the other two commitment types?

A) Evaluative commitment
B) Continuance commitment
C) Associative commitment
D) Affective commitment
E) Normative commitment

Question 45

Which of the following terms refers to the work and nonwork forces that bind us to our current employer?

A) Normative impact
B) Affective influence
C) Industry regulations
D) Embeddedness
E) Social influence

Question 46

A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation is called _____ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) associative
D) normative
E) evaluative

Question 47

Maude has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 10 years. Her growth at Juno has made her one of the finest designers in the field. Of late, Maude has been receiving several inquiries from headhunters about possible positions at other companies. Maude feels that she should stay with Juno Designs because her retirement benefits increase during her later years of service as opposed to her initial years of service. This is an example of _____ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) ethical
D) normative
E) associative

Question 48

_____ commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

A) Continuance
B) Affective
C) Associative
D) Normative
E) Situational

Question 49

The factors that increase normative commitment include:

A) salary and other monetary benefits.
B) availability of employment opportunities.
C) a sense that the organization has invested in the employee.
D) links to the local community.
E) organizational culture.

Question 50

The term "focus of commitment" can refer to each of the following except:

A) supervisors.
B) the company's top management.
C) salary.
D) specific coworkers.
E) industry regulations.

Question 51

The _____ model suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.

A) social influence
B) social impact
C) erosion
D) decay
E) continuity

Question 52

Jess, Frank, and Ted are coworkers at Crossroad Inc., all having worked at CI for five years now. The three were discussing their careers one day during lunch break when they heard that their coworker Mary just quit and went to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Mary because he has put in the time and hard work for a promotion. If he left for another company, he would not likely get this opportunity again soon. Ted replies to Frank that for him, it's the company's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at CI that keeps him working there. When they asked Jess about how he felt, Jess indicated that Mary had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time at CI. "For me," Jess says, "CI gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes to success. There is no way that I can desert them by leaving for another company." Of the three employees, Ted is exhibiting:

A) continuance commitment.
B) affective commitment.
C) obligation-based commitment.
D) normative commitment.
E) skill-based commitment.

Question 53

Miranda works for the United Bank at Madison. She feels overworked and dislikes her job, but she cannot quit because she needs the job to repay her education loans. What type of commitment does Miranda have?

A) Continuance commitment
B) Normative commitment
C) Affective commitment
D) Cognitive commitment
E) Intuitive commitment

Question 54

The _____ model suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave.

A) social influence
B) affective
C) continuance
D) decay
E) social identity

Question 55

Employees who feel a sense of _____ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism.

A) normative
B) evaluative
C) affective
D) proactive
E) continuance

Question 56

Jacklyn loves her job, admires her boss, and believes in the goals and vision of the company she works for. She can't imagine looking for or finding a better job. Jacklyn most likely is demonstrating:

A) a high level of organizational commitment.
B) a normative level of organizational commitment.
C) high job performance.
D) low job performance.
E) withdrawal behaviors.

Question 57

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment?

A) Reactive commitment
B) Associative commitment
C) Normative commitment
D) Proactive commitment
E) Distributive commitment

Question 58

Nelson Roe works as an assistant coach for the Washington Hoops in the U.S. Basketball Association. Recently, he was offered the head coaching duties with the Portland River Otters. Though their terms and remuneration were very attractive and it would have been a huge career move for Nelson, he declined the offer. He felt it was with Washington Hoops that he had learned and developed as a coach and that staying with the Hoops was the right thing to do and was his obligation. This is an example of _____ commitment.

A) continuance
B) intuitive
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) affective

Question 59

_____ commitment exists when there is a sense that staying at a firm is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

A) Normative
B) Evaluative
C) Social
D) Continuance
E) Affective

Question 60

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization is called _____ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) associative

Question 61

"Stars" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Stars" are likely respond to negative events with _____ because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) neglect
D) voice
E) ignorance

Question 62

Organizational commitment increases the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with _____ or _____.

A) loyalty; neglect
B) exit; loyalty
C) voice; exit
D) loyalty; voice
E) neglect; exit

Question 63

Which of the following terms refers to a passive, destructive response in which interest and effort in the job declines?

A) Exit
B) Loyalty
C) Voice
D) Ignorance
E) Neglect

Question 64

The talented employees who display high level of task performance but never seem to want to get involved in important decisions about the future of the company are most likely to be _____.

A) citizens
B) dogs
C) apathetic
D) lone wolves
E) stars

Question 65

"Citizens" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Citizens" are likely to respond to negative events with _____ because they may not have the credibility needed to inspire change but possess the desire to remain a member of the organization.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) neglect
D) voice
E) ignorance

Question 66

Sean was recently hired to join the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the attention of the target audience. However, he also has the reputation of not getting along with anyone. He doesn't care much about where and for whom he works but is primarily motivated to achieve goals for himself and beat his own records. As soon as Amanda heard about Sean joining the team, she turned in her resignation. Ashton, another team member, called Sean and met him for lunch to express all the team members' concerns and to smooth things out before Sean formally joins the team. Sean can be described as a(n) _____.

A) star
B) lone wolf
C) citizen
D) apathetic
E) dog

Question 67

Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and low task performance but perform many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly?

A) Stars
B) Citizens
C) Lone wolves
D) Apathetics
E) Dogs

Question 68

Sean was recently hired to join the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the attention of the target audience. However, he also has the reputation of not getting along with anyone. He doesn't care much about where and for whom he works but is primarily motivated to achieve goals for himself and beat his own records. As soon as Amanda heard about Sean joining the team, she turned in her resignation. Ashton, another team member, called Sean and met him for lunch to express all the team members' concerns and to smooth things out before Sean formally joins the team. Ashton's reaction can be described as _____.

A) voice
B) neglect
C) loyalty
D) exit
E) ignorance

Question 69

A(n) _____ merely exerts the minimum level of effort needed to keep his or her job.

A) apathetic
B) citizen
C) dog
D) star
E) lone wolf

Question 70

_____ possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company.

A) Stars
B) Citizens
C) Dogs
D) Apathetics
E) Lone wolves

Question 71

Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with _____ or _____.

A) exit; neglect
B) loyalty; neglect
C) neglect; voice
D) exit; voice
E) exit; loyalty

Question 72

Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees?

A) Dogs
B) Apathetics
C) Stars
D) Lone wolves
E) Citizens

Question 73

Jess, Frank, and Ted are coworkers at Crossroad Inc., all having worked at CI for five years now. The three were discussing their careers one day during lunch break when they heard that their coworker Mary just quit and went to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Mary because he has put in the time and hard work for a promotion. If he left for another company, he would not likely get this opportunity again soon. Ted replies to Frank that for him, it's the company's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at CI that keeps him working there. When they asked Jess about how he felt, Jess indicated that Mary had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time at CI. "For me," Jess says, "CI gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes to success. There is no way that I can desert them by leaving for another company." Of the three employees, Frank is exhibiting:

A) continuance commitment.
B) affective commitment.
C) evaluative commitment.
D) normative commitment.
E) associative commitment.

Question 74

Jess, Frank, and Ted are coworkers at Crossroad Inc., all having worked at CI for five years now. The three were discussing their careers one day during lunch break when they heard that their coworker Mary just quit and went to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Mary because he has put in the time and hard work for a promotion. If he left for another company, he would not likely get this opportunity again soon. Ted replies to Frank that for him, it's the company's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at CI that keeps him working there. When they asked Jess about how he felt, Jess indicated that Mary had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time at CI. "For me," Jess says, "CI gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes to success. There is no way that I can desert them by leaving for another company." Of the three employees, Jess is exhibiting:

A) continuance commitment.
B) intuitive commitment.
C) evaluative commitment.
D) normative commitment.
E) affective commitment.

Question 75

An active, constructive response to a negative situation in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as _____.

A) voice
B) neglect
C) loyalty
D) exit
E) honesty

Question 76

"Lone wolves" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of their organizational commitment and level of task performance. "Lone wolves" are likely to respond to negative events with _____.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) neglect
D) voice
E) ignorance

Question 77

An active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as _____.

A) voice
B) exit
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) ignorance

Question 78

A passive, constructive response to negative events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as _____.

A) voice
B) exit
C) neglect
D) loyalty
E) ignorance

Question 79

Sean was recently hired to join the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the attention of the target audience. However, he also has the reputation of not getting along with anyone. He doesn't care much about where and for whom he works but is primarily motivated to achieve goals for himself and beat his own records. As soon as Amanda heard about Sean joining the team, she turned in her resignation. Ashton, another team member, called Sean and met him for lunch to express all the team members' concerns and to smooth things out before Sean formally joins the team. Amanda's reaction can be described as _____.

A) voice
B) neglect
C) loyalty
D) exit
E) ignorance

Question 80

_____ possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance.

A) Stars
B) Citizens
C) Lone wolves
D) Apathetics
E) Dogs