Deck 13: Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Question 1

The most common fatal genetic disorder of Caucasians is

A)cholerA.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)hemophilia.
D)sickle cell anemia.
E)muscular dystrophy.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Traits that are carried on the X chromosome are said to be _________________.

A)autosomal
B)gametal
C)sex-linked
D)alleles

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A genetic _____ contains the distances between the gene loci measured in terms of the frequency of recombination.

A)map
B)profile
C)construct
D)clone

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If some alternative alleles with detrimental effects exist in significant proportions in populations,the condition is called

A)pleiotropy.
B)a syndrome.
C)epistasis.
D)a genetic disorder.
E)a genetic imbalancE.

Question 5

The white eye mutation in Drosophila was shown to be sex-linked and caused by a gene residing on chromosome

A)X.
B)Y.
C)1.
D)2.
E)autosomE.

Question 6

Of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes,22 pairs are similar in the location of genes and are found in both males and females.These are called _________.

A)chromosomes
B)autosomes
C)alleles
D)gametes

Question 7

One of the main reasons genes assort independently of one another is that

A)they produce unrelated traits.
B)they produce related traits.
C)they are on the same chromosome.
D)they are different alleles.
E)they are on different chromosomes.

Question 8

A fatal human disease in which the faulty gene codes for abnormal gland secretions leading to liver and lung failure is called ________________.

A)lung cancer
B)multiple sclerosis
C)muscular dystrophy
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 9

In sickle cell anemia,the defective hemoglobin differs from the normal hemoglobin by

A)the color of the pigment.
B)the size of the molecule.
C)a single amino acid substitution.
D)the total number of amino acids.
E)the type of blood cell it is found in.

Question 10

If a human female has two Barr bodies,it is almost certain that

A)her father had at least one Barr body.
B)her mother also had two Barr bodies.
C)she developed from a fertilized egg with 3 X chromosomes.
D)she is actually a male with female characteristics.
E)she is genetically a normal fertile femalE.

Question 11

The clotting of blood depends upon a chain of reactions that involve many different proteins;a faulty gene for any one of these proteins gives rise to the disease called __________.

A)hemophilia
B)HIV
C)multiple sclerosis
D)leukemia

Question 12

Organisms generally have many more genes that assort independently than the number of chromosomes.This phenomenon is due to

A)independent assortment.
B)segregation.
C)crossing over.
D)epistasis.
E)pleiotropy.

Question 13

The geneticist who discovered the white eye mutation in Drosophila and helped establish that genes are carried on chromosomes was

A)Mendel.
B)Sutton.
C)Sturtevant.
D)Janssens.
E)Morgan.

Question 14

Genetic exchange between two arms of a chromosome pair is more likely to occur if the distance between the genes is great.It is called

A)epistasis.
B)pleiotropy.
C)crossing over.
D)allelic exchange.
E)mutation.

Question 15

In Drosophila,the sex of an individual is influenced by the number of copies of which chromosome?

A)autosome
B)X
C)1
D)2
E)white

Question 16

Humans who have lost even one copy of an autosome are called

A)tetrasomics.
B)trisomics.
C)bisomics.
D)monosomics.
E)nullisomics.

Question 17

Occasionally,chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis,leading to a condition in which the diploid number is not normal.This phenomenon is called

A)epistasis.
B)nondisjunction.
C)disjunction.
D)pleiotropy.
E)autosomy.

Question 18

The most common condition of trisomy,in which three copies of a chromosome are present instead of the normal two,is of chromosome

A)X.
B)13.
C)15.
D)18.
E)21.

Question 19

A human female with only one X chromosome is said to have a condition called

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)hemophilia.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Klinefelter syndrome.
E)Down syndromE.

Question 20

The theory of chromosomal inheritance was first proposed by

A)Mendel.
B)Morgan.
C)Knight.
D)Sutton.
E)Stern.

Question 21

Which of the following animals is a genetic male?

A)bird ZW
B)grasshopper XO
C)honeybee diploid
D)Drosophila XXY

Question 22

_______________ is a human hereditary disease that is caused by a dominant allele but does not show up in affected individuals until they are in middle age.

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Huntington's disease
E)Hemophilia

Question 23

If a XY individual had a deletion of the SYR gene,they would

A)develop as a female.
B)have both male and female characteristics.
C)have ambiguous genitalia.
D)develop as a male.

Question 24

If an XY individual had a genetic disorder in which they were insensitive to androgens,their genotype and phenotype would be

A)XX,female.
B)XX,male.
C)XY,female.
D)XY,male.

Question 25

In humans,if a non-disjunction event led to an individual with a genotype of XO,they would

A)be female because they do not have a Y chromosome.
B)be male because they only have one X chromosome.
C)display both male and female characteristics.
D)not survive.

Question 26

Amniocentesis is a procedure that is normally used

A)to reduce the risk of genetic disease.
B)for gene therapy.
C)to change the sex of the fetus.
D)for diagnosis of genetic disorders.
E)for nourishing the fetus.

Question 27

In humans,the male has an X and Y sex chromosome.The human female has two X chromosomes.In birds,the female has a Z and a W sex chromosome while the male has two Z chromosomes.Which of the following statements is accurate about which parent controls the gender of the offspring?

A)In humans and birds the male controls the gender of all the offspring.
B)In humans and birds the female controls the gender of all the offspring.
C)In humans the male controls the gender of the offspring,and in birds the female controls the gender.
D)In humans the female controls the gender of the offspring,and in birds the male controls the gender.
E)Control of the gender of any human or bird offspring is related to the environmental conditions at the time of conception.

Question 28

If a female was a carrier for sex-linked color blindness,what percentage of her male children would also be color blind?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%

Question 29

In humans,if a non-disjunction event led to an individual with a genotype of XXY,they would

A)be female because they have two X chromosomes.
B)be male because they have a Y chromosome.
C)display both male and female characteristics.
D)not survive.

Question 30

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a defect in the

A)oxygen carrying pigment hemoglobin.
B)protein makeup in the liver.
C)sticky sides of the red blood cells.
D)allele for the production of mucus in the lungs.

Question 31

Hemophilia is a

A)recessive condition.
B)dominant condition.
C)epistatic condition.
D)codominant condition.
E)condition that occurs with equal frequency in both sexes.

Question 32

Genetic differences between individuals in a population are called

A)markers.
B)alleles.
C)polymorphisms.
D)genetic disorders.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about calico cats is false?

A)Calico cats can be male or female.
B)The different colored fur is due to the inactivation of one X chromosome.
C)The variation in coat color is an example of an epistatic interaction.
D)Calico cats are genetic mosaics.

Question 34

You want to determine the temperature at which one would obtain a ratio of 1:1 of each gender.Which of the following conditions would (1)best address this question,and (2)is most scientifically sound?

A)Grow turtles in two different incubators at temperatures of 22ºC and 30ºC.
B)Grow turtles in three different incubators at temperatures of 26ºC,28ºC,and 30ºC.
C)Grow turtles in four different incubators at temperatures of 24ºC,26ºC,28ºC,and 30ºC.
D)Grow turtles in five different incubators at temperatures of 22ºC,24ºC,26ºC,28ºC,and 30ºC.

Question 35

Huntington's disease is caused by an autosomal dominant allele.It is a lethal disease,but it persists in the human population.Which of the following statements best describes why?

A)Huntington's disease is sex-linked and every human has at least one X chromosome;thus,the chances are extremely high for this allele to be maintained in the human population.
B)Huntington's disease presents symptoms that resemble cases reflecting a lack of dominance in some individuals;in those cases,the allele is passed on to the offspring.
C)While lethal to a parent,Huntington's disease will not be lethal to the offspring since it can skip a generation.
D)Huntington's disease presents symptoms in humans after many have already reproduced;therefore,they are unaware that they passed on Huntington's disease.
E)Huntington's disease can be treated in humans that are heterozygous for the condition,but individuals who are homozygous cannot receive treatments;thus,they pass on the alleles to their offspring.

Question 36

How many Barr bodies does a normal human female contain in her cells?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 37

Based on this observation,

A)you conclude that sex-determination is temperature dependent.
B)you hypothesize that only male turtles survive at room temperature.
C)you hypothesize that sex-determination in turtles in influenced by temperature,but you need more data to be sure.
D)you realize that it was a coincidence that only males were born since gender is always determined by sex chromosomes.

Question 38

A test cross can be used to do all of the following except

A)determine whether an individual that displays a dominant phenotype is homozygous for the trait.
B)determine whether an individual that displays a dominant phenotype is heterozygous for the trait.
C)gather genotype information from phenotype information.
D)identify the chromosome on which a gene is locateD.

Question 39

Which offspring will inherit all their mitochondria DNA from their mother and none from their father?

A)daughters
B)sons
C)both sons and daughters
D)Mitochondria DNA is inherited from both parents

Question 40

The classic experiments performed by Creighton and McClintock in Maize

A)provided the initial evidence for recombination.
B)provided evidence for linkage between genes.
C)allowed for the establishment of the first genetic map.
D)provided evidence for the physical exchange of genetic material.

Question 41

How did the development of anonymous markers aid in the production of a human genetic map?

A)Anonymous markers are genetic markers that do not cause a detectable phenotype,but can be detected by molecular techniques.The markers correspond to specific and unique chromosomal regions,thereby allowing for the identification and ordering of particular segments of DNA.Such information was essential to the generation of a human genetic map.
B)Anonymous markers are genetic markers that cause a detectable phenotype and can't be detected by molecular techniques.The markers correspond to specific and unique chromosomal regions,thereby allowing for the identification and ordering of particular segments of DNA.Such information was essential to the generation of a human genetic map.
C)Anonymous markers are genetic markers that do not cause a detectable phenotype,but can be detected by molecular techniques.The markers correspond to specific and unique genetic regions,thereby allowing for the identification and ordering of particular segments of the chromosome.Such information was essential to the generation of a human genetic map.

Question 42

A same-sex couple wants to have a child in which they both contribute genetically to the offspring.Assuming it was technically possible to replace the DNA found in a sperm with female DNA,or DNA found in the egg with male DNA,what other scientific obstacle must be overcome?

A)sex determination
B)translocation events
C)genetic imprinting
D)nondisjunction events

Question 43

Given that bw and hv are closely linked,which of the following phenotypic ratios can you expect to find in the F₂ generation?

A)1 brown,heavy: 2 red,thin: 1 red,thin
B)1 brown,thin: 2 red,thin: 1 red,heavy
C)3 red,thin: 1 brown heavy
D)1 brown: 1 red: 1 heavy: 1 thin

Question 44

In a two-point cross to map genes A and B,you obtained 98 recombinant flies out of a total of 730 progeny.How far apart are these genes?

A)11.8 cM
B)13.4 cM
C)98 cM
D)632 cM

Question 45

In Drosophila,dosage compensation is controlled by the male-specific lethal (MSL)complex consisting of MSL proteins and roX RNAs.Based on what you know about dosage compensation,the role of the MSL complex would be to

A)increase the level of expression on the X chromosome approximately 2 fold.
B)increase the level of expression on the X chromosome approximately 50%.
C)decrease the level of expression on the X chromosome approximately 2 fold.
D)decrease the level of expression on the X chromosome approximately 50%.

Question 46

A deletion of a particular stretch of chromosome 15 can cause either Prader-Willi syndrome or Angelman syndrome,depending on

A)the parental origin of the normal and deleted chromosome.
B)whether or not the region is methylated properly.
C)whether a translocation event has occurred.
D)whether a nondisjunction event has occurreD.

Question 47

What would be the results of a test cross with the F₁ flies?

A)1 brown,thin: 1 red,heavy
B)1 brown,heavy: 1 red,thin
C)1 brown,thin: 2 red,thin: 1 red,heavy
D)1 brown,heavy: 2 red,thin: 1 red,thin

Question 48

What is the relationship between recombination frequency and true genetic distance on a chromosome?

A)As genetic distance increases,the recombination frequency increases in a linear fashion.
B)As genetic distance increases,the recombination frequency increases,but never in a linear fashion.
C)As genetic distance increases,the recombination frequency first increases in a linear fashion,but then levels off to a frequency of 0.5.
D)As genetic distance increases,the recombination frequency first increases,but then decreases.

Question 49

Why can't you use mitochondrial DNA to distinguish between these two suspects?

A)The sequence of mitochondrial DNA has not yet been determined.
B)The brothers share the same mitochondrial DNA.
C)There are no molecular techniques available that allow one to analyze mitochondrial DNA.
D)Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited in a paternal pattern.

Question 50

Morgan's student Sturtevant demonstrated that the recombination frequencies between a series of linked genes is additive.Examine the following recombination data from Sturtevant,and determine the proper order of the genes on the Drosophila X chromosome.Assume y is in the 0.0 position.

A)y m v w
B)y w v m
C)y m w v
D)y w m v

Question 51

Which of the following will help you distinguish between the two final suspects?

A)single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
B)human genetic map
C)linkage data
D)anonymous markers

Question 52

Why is mitochondrial DNA not a unique identifier?

A)Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the paternal lineage.All offspring inherit their father's mitochondria,and therefore the same mitochondrial DNA.As a result,all family members that share a paternal lineage would have the same mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA can therefore be used to confirm or eliminate a person's relationship within a paternal line,but cannot be used to identify a specific individual.
B)Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the maternal lineage.All offspring inherit their mother's mitochondria,and therefore the same mitochondrial DNA.As a result,all family members that share a maternal lineage would have the same mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA can therefore be used to confirm or eliminate a person's relationship within a maternal line,but cannot be used to identify a specific individual.
C)Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the maternal lineage.All female offspring inherit their mother's mitochondria,and therefore the same mitochondrial DNA.As a result,all female family members that share a maternal lineage would have the same mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA can therefore be used to confirm or eliminate a person's relationship within a maternal line,but cannot be used to identify a specific individual.

Question 53

Nondisjunction of autosomes can lead to all of the following except

A)aneuploidy.
B)monosomy.
C)trisomy.
D)euploidy.

Question 54

A 39-year-old woman is in her sixth week of pregnancy.Due to her advanced maternal age,she is at high risk for having a baby with Down's syndrome.She would like to find out as early as possible whether or not her baby has Down's syndrome.Her doctor suggests

A)amniocentesis.
B)genetic counseling.
C)chorionic villi sampling.
D)a pedigree analysis.

Question 55

Over time,natural selection eliminates individuals with detrimental phenotypes from a population.However,there are several examples in the human population in which harmful genetic polymorphisms are maintained.Why?

A)Individuals with two wild type alleles have advantages over individuals carrying the harmful allele.
B)Individuals with two harmful alleles have advantages over individuals carrying one copy of the harmful allele.
C)Homozygous individuals have some other advantage over individuals with two wild type alleles.
D)Heterozygous individuals have some other advantage over individuals with two wild type alleles.

Question 56

If you needed to order genes on a chromosome,you would perform

A)a test cross.
B)a two-point cross.
C)a three-point cross.
D)a SNP test.

Question 57

Given that bw and hv are closely linked,which of the following genotypic ratios can you expect to find in the F₂ generation?

A)1:2:1
B)1:1:1:1
C)9:3:3:1
D)3:1