Deck 23: The Transition Elements

Question 1

Lanthanides are very difficult to separate from each other because of the similarities in chemical properties.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Choose the INCORRECT statement about transition elements.

A)The lower oxidation states usually form ionic compounds.
B)The higher oxidation states usually form covalent compounds.
C)Many transition elements and their compounds have catalytic activity.
D)The catalytic activity is due to p-orbital availability.
E)Transition metal ions are good Lewis acids.

Answer 2

The catalytic activity is due to p-orbital availability.

Question 3

Galvanized steel is iron coated with cadmium to prevent rust.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The atomic radius of Ru is approximately the same as that of Os.

Question 5

The high melting points of transition elements result from a lack of sufficient electrons and orbitals for good metallic bonding.

Question 6

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the transition elements.

A)They have high melting points.
B)They are good electrical conductors.
C)They have moderate to extreme hardness.
D)They are d-block and f-block elements.
E)They generally have positive reduction potentials.

Question 7

Metallurgy is the general study of metals.

Question 8

Lanthanides are also called rare earth elements.

Question 9

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the most common oxidation state of transition elements.

A)For Ti,it is +4.
B)For Sc,it is +2.
C)For V,it is +5.
D)For Cr,it is +6.
E)For Mn,it is +7.

Question 10

For the reaction
2 Mg(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 MgO(s)
a plot of ΔG ° versus temperature has a negative slope.

Question 11

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the first row transition elements.

A)Elements on the right side of the transition series usually do not exhibit the wide range of oxidation states.
B)Stability of higher oxidation states increases down a group.
C)Electrode potentials decrease across to the right.
D)All but Cu have negative reduction potentials.
E)All but Cu(s)displace H⁺(aq)as H₂(g).

Question 12

Pig iron comes from the blast furnace.

Question 13

The lanthanide contraction is due to the poor shielding effect of the f-electrons and the higher nuclear charge.

Question 14

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the transition elements.

A)The atomic radii increases to the right across the periodic table.
B)The first ionization energy is about the same as the Group 2 (IIA)elements.
C)The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the second and third series of transition elements being very similar in atomic radii.
D)The lanthanide contraction is due to the f electrons not screening as well as other electrons.
E)The electron configuration of cobalt and copper are anomalous.

Question 15

Titanium tetrachloride has replaced white lead as the pigment in white paints.

Question 16

Which of the following is uncharacteristic for the elements of the first transition series?

A)an inner core of electrons in the argon configuration
B)two 4s electrons for eight elements,and one 4s electron for Cr and Cu
C)a number of 3d electrons ranging from one for Sc to ten for Cu and Zn
D)except for Sc and Ti,only minor variation in atomic radii
E)only one possible oxidation state per element,different for each

Question 17

A mercury alloy is called an amalgam.

Question 18

Iron,cobalt,and nickel form the iron triad.

Question 19

Choose the INCORRECT statement about transition elements.

A)Coordination compounds are formed by coordinate covalent bonds.
B)The metal ions provide empty d orbitals in coordination compounds.
C)The ligand supplies one or more pairs of electrons that form coordinate bonds in coordination compounds.
D)Colored compounds and solutions occur because of electronic transitions that occur within partially filled d orbitals.
E)Paramagnetism is due to paired electrons.

Question 20

The coinage metals are copper,silver,and zinc.

Question 21

Which element displays ferromagnetism?

A)Co
B)Cu
C)Ti
D)Cr
E)V

Question 22

Transition group elements differ from main group metals in several ways.Which differences of the following are correct?

A)many of the metals and their compounds having catalytic activity
B)many of the hydrated cations having distinctive colors
C)most of their compounds having bonds that involve d orbitals
D)many of the metals being paramagnetic,but none ferromagnetic
E)most having more than one common oxidation state

Question 23

Choose the INCORRECT statement about transition elements.

A)Ferromagnetism occurs only in elements with paired electrons.
B)Ferromagnetism is unique to Fe,Co and Ni.
C)Ferromagnetism occurs due to atoms combining in the solid state in domains.
D)Paramagnetism is due to unpaired electrons.
E)Ferromagnetism requires that interatomic distances be of the right magnitude to generate domains.

Question 24

The phenomenon resulting from the weakly effective screening of outermost electrons from the nucleus by f subshell electrons,resulting in only small differences in atomic radii in elements of atomic number 58-71,is called the:

A)actinide expansion
B)f-subshell extension
C)lanthanide contraction
D)elemental transition
E)lattice distortion

Question 25

Choose the INCORRECT statement about metallurgy.

A)Roasting converts the ore to its oxide.
B)Reduction reduces the oxide to metal.
C)Carbon is often used as the reducing agent.
D)Coke or powdered coal is often used as the reducing agent.
E)Refining is the removal of metal from its ore.

Question 26

Choose the INCORRECT statement about metallurgy.

A)Extractive metallurgy is the removal of metals from their ores.
B)Concentration is the separation of ore from waste rock.
C)One method of concentration is flotation.
D)Roasting converts an ore to its sulfide.
E)Roasting involves heating the ore to a high temperature.

Question 27

Choose the INCORRECT completion of the following sentence:
"The transition elements are typically characterized by....

A)...their ability to exist in several different oxidation states."
B)...poor electrical conductivity."
C)...moderate to extreme hardness."
D)...the formation of mostly colored compounds."
E)...high melting points."

Question 28

The electronic transitions that take place within d or f subshells of transition metals:

A)are responsible for their metallic character
B)cause transition metals to be much better conductors than the very active metals
C)occur only in ferromagnetic elements
D)are responsible for their high density
E)are responsible for their having highly colored compounds

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true regarding the oxidation states of the transition elements?

A)For group 8,only Os forms compounds with an oxidation state of +8.
B)For group 6,Cr forms many compounds with an oxidation state of +6.
C)The late transition metal elements form many compounds with oxidation states of 0 and -1.
D)The most common oxidation state of Co is +7.

Question 30

Which of the following elements is likely to have an atomic radius of 124 pm?

A)Fe
B)Ru
C)Os
D)Mo

Question 31

Which of the following metals form compounds with the highest oxidation states?

A)V
B)Ti
C)Mn
D)Y
E)Sc

Question 32

A property that is common to both main group and transition metals is that both types:

A)have high electronegativities
B)include a very active metal
C)are found in many oxidation states
D)exhibit color in compounds
E)exhibit at least one oxidation state equal to their periodic group number

Question 33

Which of the following exhibits ferromagnetism?

A)Ni
B)Ru
C)Rh
D)Mn

Question 34

The paramagnetism of transition element compounds is caused by:

A)unshared valence electron pairs
B)unpaired electrons located in d and f orbitals
C)unshared valence electron pairs and optimum packing of the atoms in the crystal lattice
D)paired electrons spinning in opposite directions
E)shared valence electron pairs

Question 35

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Precipitation in hydrometallurgy is to precipitate the metal as an ionic solid or reduce it to the metal.
B)Leaching for gold is done by the cyanidation process where Au(s)is complexed with cyanide ion.
C)Electrolytic method is used to purify expensive metals.
D)Pyrometallurgy uses low temperature to freeze out the metal from the ore.
E)Hydrometallurgy uses water and aqueous solutions at moderate temperatures to handle materials.

Question 36

Which of the following will be a good oxidizing agent?

A)V₂O₅
B)Fe(OH₂)₆²⁺
C)Zn
D)CoCl₂

Question 37

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Most representative element bonding involves s and p orbitals.
B)Most transition element bonding involves p orbitals.
C)Most representative elements are single oxidation states.
D)Most transition elements are multiple oxidation states.
E)Metallurgy is the study of metals.

Question 38

Which of the following transition elements is unreactive towards aqueous hydrochloric acid?

A)zinc
B)titanium
C)scandium
D)iron
E)copper

Question 39

Which element has the lowest first ionization potential?

A)Fe
B)Ni
C)Co
D)Mn
E)Ti

Question 40

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the electron configuration of transition elements.

A)Cu: [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹
B)Fe: [Ar]3d⁶4s²
C)Cr: [Ar]3d⁴4s²
D)V: [Ar]3d³4s²
E)Zn: [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²

Question 41

Write the equation for the initial treatment of titanium ore.

A)TiO₂(s)+ Cl₂(g)+ C(s)→ TiCl₂(g)+ CO₂(g)
B)TiCl₄(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ TiO₂(g)+ HCl(g)
C)TiO₂(s)+ 2 Cl₂(g)+ C(s)→ TiCl₄(g)+ 2 CO(g)
D)Ti(s)+ 2 Cl₂(g)→ TiCl₄(g)
E)TiS(s)+ 2H₂O(l)→ TiO₂(g)+ 2 H₂S(g)

Question 42

Which of the following is amphoteric?

A)V₂O₅
B)CrO
C)Al(H₂O)₆³⁺
D)Fe(H₂O)₆³⁺

Question 43

Choose the INCORRECT statement about metallurgy.

A)Zone refining is refining to a certain zone of purity.
B)Refining is the removal of impurities from a metal.
C)The Kroll process uses Mg to reduce TiCl₄ to titanium.
D)Zone refining uses a heating coil which passes along the rod of material.
E)In zone refining impurities remain in the molten area.

Question 44

An iron plate of 0.559 m² surface area is to be chrome plated using a chromic acid-sulfuric acid plating bath.The anode and cathode half-equations are:
Cathode: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq)+ 14 H⁺(aq)+ 12 e^- → 2 Cr(s)+ 7 H₂O(l)E° = 0.320 V
Anode: 2 H₂O(l)→ O₂(g)+ 4 H⁺(aq)+ 4 e^- E° = 1.229 V
Determine the minimum energy needed to produce a plating 0.115 mm thick on the iron plate.The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm³.

A)526 kJ
B)780 kJ
C)1.05 × 10³ kJ
D)4.68 × 10³ kJ
E)9.36 × 10³ kJ

Question 45

MnO₄^-(aq)produces what manganese-containing species when used as an oxidizing agent in weakly basic solution?

A)MnO₄^2-
B)Mn
C)Mn²⁺
D)Mn₂O₃
E)MnO₂

Question 46

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Hydrometallurgy handles materials as aqueous solutions.
B)The three steps of hydrometallurgy are leaching,purification and/or concentration and precipitation.
C)Leaching is adding chemicals to eat away the ore,leaving the metal.
D)Purification in hydrometallurgy is to remove impurities and concentrate solutions.
E)Purification in hydrometallurgy may include evaporation of water,ion exchange,and/or use of activated charcoal.

Question 47

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Titanium is valued for its low density,high structural strength and corrosion resistance.
B)Titanium chloride is the most widely used white pigment for paints.
C)Chromium is often used to plate other metals for decorative purposes.
D)Dichromate is Cr₂O₇^2-.
E)Chromate is CrO₄^2-.

Question 48

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The extraction of copper is complicated by iron.
B)Blister copper has bubbles of air on the surface of the copper.
C)Refining to high purity copper is done electrolytically.
D)Pyrometallurgy is the roasting of an ore followed by reduction of the ore to metal.
E)"Pyro" as a prefix indicates high temperatures.

Question 49

If an aqueous solution is prepared by dissolving 1.6 mol Na₂CrO₄ in 1.0 L of a buffer at pH 8.24,what will be [Cr₂O₇^2-] in the solution? The resultant equilibria are:
HCrO₄^-(aq)⇌ H⁺(aq)+ CrO₄^2-(aq)K_a = 3.2 × 10^-7
2 HCrO₄^-(aq)⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq)+ H₂O(l)K = 33

A)9.9 × 10^-5 M
B)2.9 × 10^-28 M
C)8.9 × 10^-9 M
D)8.6 × 10² M
E)2.8 × 10^-2 M

Question 50

At 273 K,ΔG° for the reaction
2 C(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 CO(g)
Is about -280 kJ,and at 1480 K is about -580 kJ.
For the reaction
2 Zn(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 ZnO(s)
ΔG° at 273 K and 1480 K,respectively,is -640 and -280 kJ.Calculate ΔG° at 273 K and 1480 K,respectively,for the reduction of zinc oxide by carbon.

A)+180 and -150 kJ
B)+360 and -300 kJ
C)-360 and +300 kJ
D)-180 and +150 kJ

Question 51

What volume of carbon monoxide,measured at 1200 °C and 720 Torr,would be released when 5.0 kg of an ore containing 45% zinc oxide as the only reacting species is treated with excess carbon? [ZnO(s)+ C(s)→ Zn(s)+ CO(g)]

A)1.2 × 10² L
B)1.5 × 10³ L
C)3.5 × 10³ L
D)7.8 × 10³ L
E)7.0 × 1 0⁴ L

Question 52

What are the formulas of the missing compounds,1 and 2,respectively,in the reaction below? This reaction is used in the production of metallic zinc.
ZnO(s)+ 1 → Zn(g)+ 2

A)C(s)and CO(g)
B)CO(g)and ZnCO₃(s)
C)CO(g)and C(s)
D)C(s)and CO₂(g)

Question 53

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The product of a blast furnace is pig iron.
B)Cast iron is pig iron poured directly into molds.
C)Pig iron is converted to steel by reducing the carbon content,removing Si,Mn,P,and other impurities,and adding alloying elements.
D)The most important method of steel-making today is the basic oxygen process.
E)In the basic oxygen process,oxygen is bubbled into the blast furnace.

Question 54

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)In steel making,DRI stands for Detection and Recovery of Iron.
B)In the basic oxygen process,a lance is a water cooled tube to deliver limestone and oxygen.
C)Alloying elements with steel include Cr,Ni,Mn,V,Mo and W.
D)The direct reduction of iron depends on the availability of natural gas.
E)Steel is an alloy of iron.

Question 55

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Iron is the most widely used metal from the earth's crust.
B)The simplified equation for the reduction of iron is Fe₂O₃(s)+ 3 CO(g)→ 2 Fe(l)+ 3 CO₂(g).
C)One process in the making of steel from pig iron is to reduce the carbon content.
D)The product of a blast furnace is steel.
E)The solid reactants in a blast furnace are iron ore,coke,and a slag-forming flux.

Question 56

Which of the following forms a colorless aqueous solution?

A)CuClO₄
B)CoSO₄
C)NiCl₂
D)FeCl₃

Question 57

Order the following compounds from acidic to basic,with the most acidic on the left.
CrO,Cr₂O₃,CrO₃

A)CrO₃ > Cr₂O₃ > CrO
B)CrO₃ > CrO > Cr₂O₃
C)Cr₂O₃ > CrO₃ > CrO
D)CrO > Cr₂O₃ > CrO₃

Question 58

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

A)amalgam: a solid solution or alloy containing mercury
B)coinage metals: the transition elements of Group 11 (1B)
C)galvanized iron: iron which has been electroplated with tin
D)lanthanides: elements of atomic number 58 through 71
E)pig iron: slightly impure iron as obtained directly from the blast furnace

Question 59

The main source of titanium is:

A)seawater
B)rutile ore,TiO₂
C)oxide ores
D)TiS₂
E)atmospheric gases

Question 60

Find the FALSE combination of a metallurgical process and its example:

A)leaching: 4 Au(s)+ 8 CN^-(aq)+ O₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 4 [Au(CN)₂]^-(aq)+ 4 OH^-(aq)
B)reduction: ZnCO₃(s)→ ZnO(s)+ CO₂(g)
C)roasting: 2 Cu₂S(s)+ 3 O₂(g)→ 2 Cu₂O(s)+ 2 SO₂(g)
D)precipitation: Zn²⁺(aq)+ S^2-(aq)→ ZnS(s)
E)conversion: 2 Co(OH)₃(s) Co₂O₃(s)+ 3 H₂O(g)

Question 61

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Galvanized iron is iron coated with zinc.
B)Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at 25 °C.
C)Hatter's disease is a form of mercury poisoning,i.e. ,the Mad Hatter,the friend of Alice.
D)Brass is an alloy of mostly copper and zinc.
E)Amalgams are zinc alloys.

Question 62

Consider two metals,metal M and metal N.The reaction M + N²⁺ → M²⁺ + N will proceed if:

A)M is Zn and N²⁺ is Pb²⁺
B)M is Cu and N²⁺ is Fe²⁺
C)M is Sn and N²⁺ is Ca²⁺
D)M is Ni and N²⁺ is Mg²⁺
E)M is Fe and N²⁺ is Ca²⁺

Question 63

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The coinage metals are used for coins because of durability and resistance to corrosion.
B)Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
C)Coinage metals are excellent electrical conductors.
D)Coinage metals have poor malleability and ductility.
E)Gold does not react with any acid but aqua regia.

Question 64

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The lanthanides often occur naturally as oxides.
B)The most common oxidation state of lanthanides is +4.
C)Most of the lanthanides are paramagnetic.
D)Like the transition elements,aqueous solutions of the lanthanides are colored.
E)Fractionated means to alter slightly the ratio of the concentration of one element to another.

Question 65

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The electron configuration of Fe²⁺ is [Ar]3d⁶.
B)The electron configuration of Co²⁺ is [Ar]3d⁷.
C)The electron configuration of Fe³⁺ is [Ar]3d⁵.
D)The electron configuration of Ni²⁺ is [Ar]3d⁵.
E)A metal carbonyl is a compound formed from a metal and carbon monoxide.

Question 66

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Among the methods to separate the lanthanides are fractional precipitation and solvent extraction.
B)Because the properties of the lanthanides are so similar,separation must be done in a series of repetitive steps.
C)Lanthanides are reactive metals,that is they liberate H₂(g)from acids.
D)The 4f electrons play a major role in chemical bonding.
E)The pure lanthanide metals can be produced by electrolytic reduction from the +3 oxidation state.

Question 67

Estimate the net formation constant for diamminesilver(I)ion from the following data:
Ag⁺(aq)+ e^- → Ag(s)E° = 0.80 V
Ag(NH₃)₂⁺(aq)+ e^- → Ag(s)+ 2 NH₃(aq)E° = 0.37 V

A)6 × 10¹¹
B)5 × 10¹⁰
C)4 × 10⁹
D)3 × 10⁸
E)2 × 10⁷

Question 68

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The inner transition elements include the lanthanides.
B)The lanthanides are sometimes called rare earth elements.
C)The lanthanides feature the filling of the 5f orbitals.
D)The lanthanides have very similar chemical properties.
E)Lanthanides are difficult to separate from each other.

Question 69

List the following in order of increasing atomic radius: Ti,Cr,V,Ca.

A)V < Ti < Ca < Cr
B)Ca < V < Cr < Ti
C)Ca < Ti < Cr < V
D)Cr < V < Ti < Ca
E)Cr < V < Ca < Ti

Question 70

In the group of elements Cr,Ni,Sn,Pt,Ti,the one which is a main group element is ________.

A)Ni
B)Sn
C)Ti
D)Pt
E)Cr

Question 71

List the following in order of increasing number of unpaired electrons: Fe,V,Sc,Mn

A)Mn < Fe < V < Sc
B)Sc < V < Fe < Mn
C)Fe < V < Sc < Mn
D)V < Sc < Mn < Fe
E)Sc < Mn < Fe < V

Question 72

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Zinc is poisonous in trace amounts.
B)ZnO,CdS and HgS are used as artist's pigments.
C)The band gap is the energy difference between the conduction band and the valence band.
D)The color of Zn,Cd,and Hg compounds depends on the width of the band gap.
E)One proposed mechanism of mercury poisoning is that mercury compounds react with sulfur in enzymes.

Question 73

Write the probable electron configuration for Ti²⁺.

A)3d²
B)4s²
C)4s¹3d⁵
D)4s²4d⁴
E)5s²

Question 74

Which of the following represents a disproportionation reaction?

A)2 Cu⁺(aq)+ H₂O(l)→ Cu(s)+ CuO(s)+ 2 H⁺(aq)
B)2 CrO₄^2-(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq)→ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq)+ H₂O(aq)
C)TiCl₄(l)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ TiO₂(s)+ 4 HCl(g)
D)MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 VO²⁺(aq)+ H₂O(l)→ Mn²⁺(aq)+ 5 VO₂⁺(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq)
E)3MnO₂(s)+ 6 KOH(aq)+ KClO₃(aq) 3 K₂MnO₄(aq)+ KCl(aq)+ 3 H₂O(l)

Question 75

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Cu,Ag,and Au do not react with oxygen in the air.
B)Cu will corrode in moist air.
C)Ag will react with sulfur in the air to form tarnish.
D)Copper is used as copper halide in photography.
E)Copper is essential to life in trace amounts.

Question 76

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Zn,Cd,and Hg all have electron configurations of (n-1)d^10ns2.
B)Because in Zn,Cd,and Hg only s electrons are participating,metallic bonding is strong.
C)The low melting and boiling points of Zn,Cd,and Hg are due to the metallic bonding.
D)Galvanized iron is iron coated with zinc.
E)Cadmium and mercury compounds are poisonous.

Question 77

Which element has the largest number of unpaired electrons?

A)Cu²⁺
B)Fe³⁺
C)V³⁺
D)Ni²⁺
E)Zn²⁺

Question 78

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Iron's main use is in steel.
B)The ferromagnetic metals are Fe,Co,Ni.
C)Iron only exists in +1 and +2 oxidation states.
D)Fe,Co,and Ni can all exist in the +2 oxidation state.
E)Fe³⁺ is more stable than Fe²⁺ because it has a half-filled d subshell.

Question 79

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Cu,Ag,and Au are the preferred metals for coins because they are durable and resistant to corrosion.
B)Cu,Ag,and Au are used in the electronics industry because of their conductivity.
C)Cu,Ag,and Au do not readily react with HCl although most metals do.
D)Tarnish is black Ag₂S.
E)Silver is the basis for the world's monetary reserve.

Question 80

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Aqua regia is a combination of HCl and HNO₃.
B)Malleable means that a metal can be beaten into a thin sheet.
C)One of the most important property of Cu,Ag,and Au is resistance to corrosion.
D)Because the ions of Cu,Ag,and Au are easy to reduce means that the metals are easy to oxidize.
E)The coinage metals are Cu,Ag,and Au.