Deck 2: Atoms and the Atomic Theory

Question 1

A 25 g sample of sugar is found to contain 51.4% oxygen by mass.Another 250 g sample of the same sugar is also 51.4% oxygen by mass.This is consistent with the:

A)law of conservation of mass
B)law of constant composition
C)law of multiple proportions
D)first assumption of Dalton's atomic theory
E)second assumption of Dalton's theory

Answer 1

law of constant composition

Question 2

The vertical columns in the periodic table of the elements are called groups.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom is called the atomic number.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All matter is composed of atoms.

Question 5

A 0.920-gram sample of magnesium is allowed to burn in 0.321 g of oxygen gas.The sole product is magnesium oxide.After the reaction,no oxygen remains and 0.809 g of magnesium oxide has been formed.What mass of magnesium is left unreacted?

A)0.210 g
B)0.432 g
C)1.408 g
D)0.111 g
E)0.488 g

Question 6

Atoms combine in small,whole-numbered ratios.

Question 7

Isotopes have different atomic number (Z)but the same mass number (A).

Question 8

Different ratios of atoms produce different compounds.

Question 9

Dalton's atomic theory is based on several assumptions,which are listed below.Which of these assumptions is strictly correct?
I.All atoms of the same element are identical.
II.Atoms are indivisible and unchangeable.
III.Chemical changes are the result of the combination,separation,and rearrangement of atoms.

A)I,II,and III are correct.
B)I and III are correct.
C)II and III are correct.
D)I and II are correct.
E)III is correct.

Question 10

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The law of constant composition is the law of definite proportions.
B)Objects of like charge repel each other.
C)Electrons were once known as cathode rays.
D)Alpha particles are the same mass as a helium nucleus.
E)Gamma rays are the same as electrons.

Question 11

Robert Millikan determined the charge on an electron.

Question 12

Which of the following would be unaffected by an electric field?

A)alpha particles
B)beta particles
C)gamma rays
D)protons
E)electrons

Question 13

When decomposed chemically,73.0 grams of a sample of HCl produce 71.0 g of Cl₂ and 2.0 g of H₂,while 34.0 g of a sample of H₂S produce 32.0 g of S and 2.0 g of H₂.This is an example of the law:

A)of conservation of mass
B)of multiple proportions
C)of definite proportions
D)of constant composition
E)of simple whole numbers

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Michael Faraday discovered cathode rays.
B)J .J.Thomson suggested the "plum pudding" model of the atom.
C)Robert Millikan determined the charge on an electron.
D)J.J.Thomson determined the mass-to-charge ratio for electrons.
E)Michael Faraday determined that cathode rays were the fundamental negatively charged particles and called them electrons.

Question 15

Choose the INCORRECT statement from those given below.

A)Atoms retain their identity during a chemical reaction.
B)All matter is composed of atoms.
C)Atoms combine in small,whole-numbered ratios.
D)All atoms of a given element have same mass.
E)Different ratios of atoms produce different compounds.

Question 16

When a chemical reaction is carried out in a sealed container,the substances may change in color,temperature,or state,but no change in mass is detected.This is evidence of the:

A)law of conservation of mass
B)law of constant composition
C)law of definite proportions
D)existence of electrons
E)existence of protons

Question 17

Atoms retain their identity during a chemical reaction.

Question 18

Choose the correct statement.

A)Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
B)An electron has 1/1837 the mass of a proton.
C)The atomic number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
D)The charge of a proton is 1837 times the charge of an electron.
E)Electrons and protons have about the same mass.

Question 19

All atoms of a given element are identical.

Question 20

J.J.Thomson suggested the "plum pudding" model of the atom.

Question 21

An element has 5 stable isotopes.The mass and percentage of each are:

The element is which of the following?

A)As
B)Se
C)Ge
D)Ga
E)Zn

Question 22

31.0 grams of the element phosphorus contain:

A)6.02 × 10²³ P₄ molecules
B)31.0 × (6.02 × 10²³)P atoms
C)6.02 × 10²³ P atoms
D)31.0 P atoms
E)31.0 moles of P

Question 23

What is the mass in grams of 1 atom of sulfur

A)1.661 × 10^-24 g
B)1.931 × 10^-25 g
C)5.325 × 10^-23 g
D)5.179 × 10^-26 g
E)5.989 × 10^-23 g

Question 24

Beta particles:

A)have a mass of 4 and a charge of +2
B)are like X-rays
C)are repelled by a positively charged plate
D)can be electrons
E)have the same mass as a neutron

Question 25

What is the mass number of the most abundant form of oxygen atom?

A)15.9994
B)8
C)16
D)24
E)32

Question 26

Which statement below is true?

A)Metals gain electrons to have a positive charge.
B)Metals gain electrons to have a negative charge.
C)Metals lose electrons to have a positive charge.
D)Nonmetals are more likely to lose than to gain electrons.
E)Transition metals can gain 2 or more electrons to become metal ions.

Question 27

An element has 5 stable isotopes.The mass and percentage of each are:

The element is which of the following?

A)Nb
B)Y
C)Sr
D)Zr
E)Rb

Question 28

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)mercury
B)selenium
C)bismuth
D)radium
E)calcium

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true concerning the masses of individual Cl atoms?

A)All atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
B)Most of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
C)Some of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
D)None of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
E)All atoms have a mass of 17 u.

Question 30

The atomic mass interval for carbon is given as [ 12.0096;12.0116 ].Which of the below statements is correct regarding this atomic mass interval?

A)12.0106 represents the most likely value of the atomic mass of carbon
B)0.00207 represents the uncertainty in the value of atomic mass of carbon
C)The upper and lower bound of the atomic weight interval are based on the periodic table
D)This interval indicates that the atomic mass of carbon would not be lower than 12.0096 and it would not be higher than 12.0116

Question 31

Groups,or families,on the periodic table are:

A)vertical columns of elements with similar properties
B)horizontal rows of elements with increasing atomic numbers
C)named for the first elements in the series;such as "actinides"
D)extremely reactive with each other
E)elements that all occur naturally in the same state

Question 32

Choose the information a mass spectrometer is unable to provide.

A)the relative abundance of two isotopes of potassium
B)the number of protons in potassium
C)the atomic mass of a single isotope of potassium
D)the mass of a proton
E)the number of stable isotopes of potassium

Question 33

Which of the following is a correct feature of the nuclear atom proposed by Rutherford?

A)All atoms of an element have the same mass.
B)The atom is mostly empty space.
C)The number of neutrons and electrons in the atom are equal.
D)The majority of alpha particles to strike the foil "bounced back."
E)It is like the "plum pudding" model.

Question 34

A hypothetical element,E,has two stable isotopes:
E-46 = 46.046 u 64.08%
E-51 = 50.826 u 35.92%
What is the average atom weight of the element?

A)47.76 u
B)48.44 u
C)49.11 u
D)48.50 u
E)47.44 u

Question 35

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Gamma rays are bent by magnetic fields as a ray of positive charges.
B)Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus.
C)Protons and neutrons are close to the same mass.
D)The atomic number is the proton number.
E)The mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons.

Question 36

A species that differs in charge from another atom of the same element:
I.is called an isotope
II.has more or less neutrons
III.has lost or gained electrons
IV.is called an ion
V.has the same number of protons

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and IV
D)III and IV
E)III,IV,V

Question 37

The atomic weight of chlorine is very close to 35.5.This means that:

A)chlorine occurs with a variable number of protons
B)a variable number of electrons gives the fractional weight
C)on the average,an atom of chlorine weighs almost 3 times as much as carbon
D)the actual weight of a chlorine atom is not known very precisely
E)chlorine atoms contain half of a proton

Question 38

Ernest Rutherford is credited with:
I.the nuclear model of the atom
II.the identification of alpha and beta particles
III.the discovery of protons
IV.the prediction of a third,neutral,subatomic particle

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)I,II,III
D)II,III,IV
E)I,II,III,IV

Question 39

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of neutrons in its nucleus?

A) _Mn
B) _Co
C) _Fe
D) _Ni
E) _Si

Question 40

A hypothetical element,E,has two stable isotopes.
E-38 = 38.012 u 75.68%
E-46 = 45.981 u 24.32%
The element's atomic mass would be closest to which of the elements?

A)K
B)Ar
C)Ca
D)Sc
E)Cl

Question 41

A 3.214 g sample of magnesium reacts with 8.416 g of bromine.The only product is magnesium bromide.If 1.934 g of magnesium is left unreacted,how much magnesium bromide is formed?

A)1.280 g
B)5.202 g
C)9.696 g
D)7.136 g
E)3.268 g

Question 42

How many arsenic atoms are in 5.21 g of arsenic?

A)0.0695 atoms
B)9.51 × 10²² atoms
C)3.14 × 10²⁴ atoms
D)2.10 × 10²² atoms
E)4.19 × 10²² atoms

Question 43

What mass of magnesium is necessary to make 10.5 g of magnesium bromide if 1.04 g of magnesium makes 7.88 g of magnesium bromide?

A)1.39 g
B)79.9 g
C)1.58 g
D)3.66 g
E)7.89 g

Question 44

A certain mass of nickel reacts with sulphur to produce 2.83 g of NiS.The same mass of nickel reacts completely with 0.5 g of oxygen to produce 2.33 g of NiO.How many grams of sulfur reacted in the first reaction?

A)0.5 g
B)1 g
C)1.5 g
D)10^-1 g
E)1.25 g

Question 45

How many atoms of lead are required to cover a 33.0 cm by 45.0 cm area with a sheet of lead that is 0.140 mm thick? The density of lead is 11.35 g/cm³.

A)6.86 × 10²³
B)2.29 × 10²⁶
C)2.29 × 10²⁵
D)6.86 × 10²²
E)1.42 × 10²⁶

Question 46

Write the symbol for the radioactive isotope phosphorus-32.

A) _P
B) _Ge
C) _P
D) _P
E) _Ge

Question 47

How many atoms of hydrogen are present in 1.5 lb of hydrogen peroxide,which is 5.93% hydrogen?

A)2.4 × 10²⁵ atoms
B)1.21 × 10²⁵ atoms
C)1.2 × 10²⁵ atoms
D)2.41 × 10²⁵ atoms
E)1.2 × 10²⁰ atoms

Question 48

If the density of lead is 11.34 g/cm³,how many atoms are in a piece of lead that is 2.00 cm wide,1.00 m long,and 2.00 mm thick?

A)1.32 × 10²⁴ atoms
B)1.16 × 10²³ atoms
C)1.32 × 10²³ atoms
D)1.16 × 10²² atoms
E)6.60 × 10²³ atoms

Question 49

How many atoms of silicon are contained in 8.50 × 10^-5 grams?

A)1.44 × 10²³ atoms
B)1.82 × 10¹⁸ atoms
C)5.02 × 10³⁰ atoms
D)5.02 × 10¹⁸ atoms
E)1.82 × 10²⁰ atoms

Question 50

How many Cu atoms are present in a 75.0 cm length of 20-gauge copper wire? A 20-gauge wire has a diameter of 0.03196 in.Copper's density is 8.92 g/cm³.

A)1.31 × 10²¹
B)3.28 × 10²²
C)8.08 × 10²¹
D)1.04 × 10²²
E)2.08 × 10²²

Question 51

A 1.4 g sample of calcium is reacted with 3.2 g of oxygen.The only product after the reaction is 1.96 g of CaO.How many grams of oxygen remains unreacted?

A)0.56 g
B)0.224 g
C)2.64 g
D)0.264 g
E)0.203 g

Question 52

57.7 g Ni contains how many atoms?

A)6.13 × 10²³ atoms
B)3.47 × 10²³ atoms
C)5.92 × 10²³ atoms
D)1.24 × 10²⁴ atoms
E)0.983 atoms

Question 53

How many atoms of sulfur are in 280 g of a 50% by mass H₂SO₄ solution?

A)8.6 × 10²⁵ atoms
B)8.6 × 10²³ atoms
C)8.0 × 10²⁵ atoms
D)8.0 × 10²³ atoms
E)2.8 × 10²⁹ atoms

Question 54

The natural abundance of calcium in the earth's crust is 3.4% by mass.How many calcium atoms are present in a 1.50 g sample of the earth's crust?

A)6.6 × 10²³ atoms
B)3.1 × 10²² atoms
C)7.7 × 10²⁰ atoms
D)7.7 × 10²² atoms
E)5.1 × 10²⁰ atoms

Question 55

A cubic centimeter of lead weighs 11.35 g.How many atoms are in the block?

A)6.8 × 10²⁴ atoms
B)2.4 × 10²³ atoms
C)3.3 × 10²² atoms
D)5.3 × 10²² atoms
E)1.1 × 10²⁵ atoms

Question 56

How many moles are represented by 2.5 × 10¹⁵ Na atoms?

A)3.8 × 10^-10 mol
B)1.8 × 10^-10 mol
C)1.5 × 10³⁹ mol
D)4.2 × 10^-9 mol
E)1.1 × 10¹⁴ mol

Question 57

With mass spectral data the ratio of the mass of
Was found to be 1.167.What is the mass of the ¹⁴N atom?

A)14.017 u
B)10.292 u
C)14.004 u
D)17.000 u
E)14.007 u

Question 58

The total number of neutrons in an
Is ________.

A)115
B)77
C)192
D)75
E)269

Question 59

How many atoms of rubidium-85 are in 87.2 g of rubidium? Rubidium-85 is 72.2 % abundant.

A)5.16 × 10⁴⁶ atoms
B)4.46 × 10²³ atoms
C)8.51 × 10²³ atoms
D)6.14 × 10²² atoms
E)1.02 × 10²⁴ atoms

Question 60

A sample of pure carbon weighing 1.48 g was burned in an excess of air.The mass of carbon dioxide,the sole product,was
.In a second experiment,11.62 g of carbon dioxide was obtained.What mass of carbon was burned in the second experiment?

A)42.6 g
B)3.17 g
C)3.54 g
D)0.866 g
E)11.6 g

Question 61

The average atomic mass of B is 10.80 u.Boron has only two stable forms
And
What is the natural percent abundance of _B?

A)80.0%
B)20%
C)1.0%
D)3.8%
E)75%

Question 62

The following ratios of masses were obtained with a mass spectrometer:

What is the mass of a Cl atom in atomic mass units?

A)35.45 u
B)36.36 u
C)13.95 u
D)35.00 u
E)34.97 u

Question 63

Copper occurs in an isotopic mixture of 69.09% ⁶³Cu (mass = 62.93 u per atom)and 30.91% ⁶⁵Cu (mass = 64.93 u per atom).What is the average atomic mass of copper?

A)64.00 u
B)63.55 u
C)63.45 u
D)64.31 u
E)29.00 u

Question 64

An anion has 45 neutrons and 36 electrons.If it has a -1 charge,what is its correct symbol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 65

The three naturally occurring isotopes of magnesium are ²⁴Mg (23.985042 u,78.99%),²⁵Mg (24.985837,10.00%),and ²⁶Mg.What is the atomic mass of ²⁶Mg?

A)25.98 u
B)48.67 u
C)23.94 u
D)26.43 u
E)24.31 u

Question 66

The total numbers of neutrons,protons,and electrons in ³¹P^3- are:

A)15 neutrons,31 protons,15 electrons
B)16 neutrons,15 protons,18 electrons
C)31 neutrons,15 protons,18 electrons
D)15 neutrons,16 protons,12 electrons
E)16 neutrons,16 protons,18 electrons

Question 67

There are two stable isotopes of supposium (Su).
Su-191 = 190.9609 u (27.30%)Su-194 = 193.9633 u (72.70%)
Compute the atomic mass of supposium.

A)190.9 u
B)194.0 u
C)191.8 u
D)192.5 u
E)193.1 u

Question 68

A cation has 28 neutrons and 21 electrons.If it has a +3 charge,what is its correct symbol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 69

A new element is discovered.It has two isotopes.The relative abundance of the isotopes and their masses are 18% isotope 1,mass 350.0 u and 82% isotope 2,mass 352.0 u.What is the atomic mass of the element?

A)351.6
B)351.0
C)350.4
D)352.0
E)350.0

Question 70

Which is the proper chemical symbol for tungsten?

A)Te
B)Ti
C)Tm
D)W
E)Tc

Question 71

An isotope with mass number 81 has eleven more neutrons than protons.This is an isotope of what element?

A)Tl
B)Yb
C)Zr
D)Br
E)Nb

Question 72

Write the symbol for the most common ion formed by sulfur.

A)S^1-
B)S^2-
C)S¹⁺
D)S²⁺
E)requires experimental data

Question 73

What is the proper E notation for an ion having 35 protons,36 electrons and 45 neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 74

Write the appropriate symbol for the species containing 18 neutrons,17 protons,and 16 electrons.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 75

The total numbers of neutrons,protons,and electrons in ³⁵Cl^- are ________.

A)17 neutrons,35 protons,36 electrons
B)35 neutrons,17 protons,18 electrons
C)18 neutrons,17 protons,16 electrons
D)18 neutrons,17 protons,18 electrons
E)17 neutrons,17 protons,17 electrons

Question 76

The total numbers of neutrons,protons,and electrons in ¹³⁸Ba²⁺ are ________.

A)138 neutrons,56 protons,54 electrons
B)82 neutrons,56 protons,54 electrons
C)56 neutrons,82 protons,80 electrons
D)82 neutrons,56 protons,58 electrons
E)82 neutrons,82 protons,82 electrons

Question 77

A cation has 13 neutrons and 10 electrons.If it has a charge of +1,what is its correct symbol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 78

Silver possesses two stable isotopes: ¹⁰⁷Ag (106.90 u)and ¹⁰⁹Ag (108.90 u).If the average atomic mass of Ag is 107.87 u,what is the percent abundance of ¹⁰⁷Ag?

A)48.5%
B)50.0%
C)51.5%
D)46.3%
E)53.8%

Question 79

How many protons,neutrons,and electrons are in Mg²⁺?

A)12 protons,10 electrons,12 neutrons
B)12 protons,12 electrons,12 neutrons
C)12 protons,12 electrons,24 neutrons
D)24 protons,10 electrons,12 neutrons
E)10 protons,12 electrons,24 neutrons

Question 80

Rubidium possesses two stable forms and has an average mass of 85.5.⁸⁵Rb has a mass of 84.9 and a percent abundance of 72.2%.What is the mass of the other form of Rb?

A)86.1 u
B)85.7 u
C)88.3 u
D)87.1 u
E)89.4 u