Deck 21: Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Question 1

The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the

A) residual volume.
B) functional residual capacity.
C) expiratory reserve volume.
D) vital capacity.

Answer 1

residual volume.

Question 2

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause which complication?

A) Pulmonary emboli
B) Respiratory acidosis
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) Right heart failure

Answer 2

Right heart failure

Question 3

The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are

A) located in the carotid artery.
B) responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO₂.
C) responsive primarily to hypoxemia.
D) less important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration.

Answer 3

responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO₂.

Question 4

Primary pulmonary hypertension is

A) more common in men.
B) readily treatable.
C) caused by genetic mutation.
D) rapidly progressive.

Question 5

The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary blood flow is

A) lung apex.
B) middle lung.
C) lower lung.
D) zone 4.

Question 6

Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the

A) effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO₂.
B) ability of blood to pick up more CO₂ when PaO₂ is low.
C) amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
D) changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.

Question 7

Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces

A) pulmonary vascular capacitance.
B) elastic recoil force.
C) alveolar surface tension.
D) pulmonary capillary fragility.

Question 8

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

A) diverts blood to hypoxic regions.
B) increases blood flow to the base of the lung.
C) can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension.
D) is always detrimental to the patient.

Question 9

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by

A) increased pulmonary blood flow.
B) increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
C) increased left atrial pressure.
D) decreased alveolar compliance.

Question 10

The peripheral chemoreceptors

A) are located in the medulla oblongata.
B) lead to hypoventilation when stimulated.
C) respond to the arterial oxygen level.
D) are unresponsive to pH and CO₂ levels.

Question 11

Virchow's triad can result in

A) decreased pulmonary arterial pressure.
B) alveolar collapse.
C) pulmonary embolus.
D) bronchoconstriction.

Question 12

Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is

A) transported as bicarbonate.
B) transported on the hemoglobin molecule.
C) transported as carbonic acid.
D) dissolved in plasma.

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system stimulation effects on the respiratory system include

A) parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
B) sympathetic stimulation constricts airways.
C) sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
D) the autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory system.

Question 14

Which is true about lung compliance? (Select all that apply.)

A) Represents lung expandability
B) Decreases in the elderly
C) Can be decreased by obesity, abdominal distention, pregnancy
D) Is decreased in emphysema
E) Is affected by body position

Question 15

Which person is at greatest risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?

A) A 25-year-old man with asthma
B) A 28-year-old woman in the first trimester of a normal pregnancy
C) A 42-year-old woman with a broken ankle
D) A 67-year-old man with a deep vein thrombosis in the femoral vein

Question 16

Structure(s)that engage in exchange of respiratory gases include(s)the (Select all that apply.)

A) trachea.
B) bronchi.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary capillaries.
E) alveoli.

Question 17

Hypoventilation causes

A) hypoxemia.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) increased minute ventilation.
D) decreased PaCO₂.

Question 18

"My doctor said I have cor pul-something,which is a heart problem," says Mr.Garabedian."I thought I just had these bad lungs that can't be fixed.How can that make my heart go bad?" Which mechanism leads to the development of cor pulmonale,which should serve as the basis for your response to Mr.Garabedian?

A) Left ventricular failure causes pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary edema.
B) Pneumothorax causes compression atelectasis, decreased alveolar ventilation, and impaired oxygenation.
C) Increased resistance to pulmonary arterial flow leads to compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy.
D) Impaired ventilation causes decreased PaO₂, which precipitates cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 19

An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs with ________ pressure.

A) increased capillary colloid
B) increased capillary hydrostatic
C) decreased capillary hydrostatic
D) decreased interstitial colloid

Question 20

Right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is also called

A) diastolic heart failure.
B) high output failure.
C) coronary disease.
D) cor pulmonale.