Deck 10: Life Span Development

Question 1

Which of the following descriptions of childhood developmental tasks correlates with the preconventional stage in Kohlberg's framework?

A)The child respects authority.
B)The child learns to reason about events in the here and now.
C)The child develops concepts needed for everyday living.
D)The child follows rules when in his or her own interest.

Answer 1

The child follows rules when in his or her own interest.

Question 2

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development,a child between 6 and 12 years old needs to accomplish which of the following tasks?

A)to develop a sense of trust in others
B)to develop necessary social skills
C)to integrate childhood into a personal identity
D)to learn self-control

Answer 2

to develop necessary social skills

Question 3

Which of these terms refers to a favorable perception of one's self,including body image,self-esteem,and ideal self?

A)cognitive mentality
B)morality
C)personality
D)self-concept

Answer 3

self-concept

Question 4

According to Piaget's developmental theory in the cognitive dimension,which of these tasks is associated with the formal operations stage?

A)forming fulfilling peer relationships
B)engaging in abstract reasoning and problem solving
C)learning to rely on caregivers to meet needs and desires
D)relating successfully to peers of the same gender

Question 5

Which of these statements about Kohlberg's six stages of moral development is TRUE?

A)Each state builds upon the previous stage and forms the foundation for the next one.
B)Moral development develops before cognitive development.
C)Moral development in the years from age 9 to 13 focuses on avoiding punishment.
D)By age 50,most persons have achieved their highest level of moral development.

Question 6

Factors that may influence an individual's growth and development include cultural expectations,health status,and:

A)adaptation
B)parental age
C)number of siblings
D)life experiences

Question 7

When a child makes the "right" choice of behaviors,this is an example of:

A)ethics
B)moral maturity
C)religious adaptation
D)spirituality

Question 8

Which of the following statements about spirituality is TRUE?

A)There is no evidence of a connection between spirituality and health.
B)Spiritual nursing requires specialized training in order to perform.
C)Spirituality and values are the same.
D)Spirituality is the core of a person's being.

Question 9

Which of these statements represents an established principle of growth and development?

A)Rate of growth and development is consistent throughout the life cycle.
B)Growth and development is often a haphazard process.
C)Certain stages of growth and development are more critical than others.
D)Characteristics of developmental stages are not fully established.

Question 10

Which of these phases of development is characterized by rapid cell division and implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine wall?

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)germinal
D)neonatal

Question 11

The time of MOST rapid growth or development that children experience during a stage of the life cycle is an example of:

A)critical period
B)germinal stage
C)maturation
D)puberty

Question 12

Which one of the two intrapersonal theorists developed a theory of personality development that emphasizes sexuality as the underlying motivation for behavior?

A)Freud
B)Havighurst
C)Erikson
D)Sullivan

Question 13

According to Fowler's theory of faith development,the late adolescent and young adult will:

A)assume responsibility for their own attitudes and beliefs
B)integrate others' perspectives about faith into their own definition of truth
C)make concepts of love and justice tangible
D)question values and religious beliefs in an attempt to form their own identity

Question 14

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development,children 12 years and older are in which stage?

A)concrete operations
B)formal operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 15

The process based on an individual's biological growth,functional changes,and learning that applies to both physiologic and behavioral aspects of an individual is called:

A)adaptation
B)development
C)growth
D)maturation

Question 16

Which of these developmental stages begins with conception and ends with birth?

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)neonatal
D)prenatal

Question 17

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development,which of these tasks must be mastered from birth to 1 year of age?

A)identity versus role confusion
B)trust versus mistrust
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt
D)industry versus inferiority

Question 18

Measurable changes in the physical size of the body and its parts is called:

A)adaptation
B)development
C)growth
D)maturation

Question 19

Which of these terms refers to behavioral changes in functional abilities and skills?

A)adaptation
B)development
C)growth
D)maturation

Question 20

The process in which certain goals must be achieved during each stage of the life cycle and that set the stage for future learning is known as:

A)cognitive abilities
B)critical learning
C)developmental tasks
D)physical development

Question 21

The nurse is aware that in the stage that includes the first 28 days of life following birth,the baby is considered to be:

A)an antenatal
B)a neonatal
C)a perinatal
D)a postnatal

Question 22

Which stage of continued adaptation starts at 1 month of life and lasts until the end of the first year?

A)infancy
B)neonatal
C)perinatal
D)toddler

Question 23

Which of the following is a developmental characteristic of the school-age child?

A)understands unacceptable behaviors but may need assistance choosing between right and wrong
B)imitates parental religious behaviors
C)shows increased curiosity and improved ability to use reason and logic leads to frequent questioning
D)views self as exceptional,special,and unique

Question 24

Which of the following nursing actions is essential when caring for a neonate?

A)conducting psychosocial assessments
B)monitoring nutritional status
C)providing a sterile environment to protect from infection
D)providing grandparents with support

Question 25

Which of these statements about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is TRUE?

A)The effects of FAS are usually reversible.
B)FAS is a leading cause of spontaneous abortion.
C)Alcohol consumption is most dangerous during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
D)The incidence of FAS is decreasing.

Question 26

Episodic binge eating followed by purging describes which of these eating disorders?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)obesity
D)starvation

Question 27

When a nurse is providing client teaching about infant feeding,which of these statements should be included?

A)Whole cow's milk is not recommended for children under 12 months of age.
B)Infants who are breastfed are usually healthier.
C)Bottles can be used as pacifiers when infants are fussy.
D)Solid foods can be introduced as soon as the infant seems to be hungry.

Question 28

A nurse should never discharge a neonate from the hospital unless:

A)an infant car seat is available for the trip home
B)a male neonate has been circumcised
C)the family has a plastic crib for the neonate
D)the neonate has several formed stools

Question 29

The nurse educates the pregnant client regarding taking any substance that can cross the placental barrier and impair normal growth and development of an embryo or fetus.These substances are known as:

A)antioxidant
B)carcinogen
C)illicit drug
D)teratogen

Question 30

During the preadolescence stage,the child will experience hormonal changes that result in the onset of:

A)adolescence
B)maturation
C)menarche
D)puberty

Question 31

Which of the following will occur about 2 years after breast buds appear?

A)adolescence
B)maturation
C)menarche
D)puberty

Question 32

When caring for the preschooler,it is important for the nurse to remember that:

A)frequent use of the word no usually results from fear and stranger anxiety
B)play is the main mechanism for learning
C)teaching is more readily accepted from a peer or with a peer group with similar needs
D)a parent or caregiver should always be with the child during treatment

Question 33

The MOST important physiologic task of the neonate is to:

A)achieve equilibrium through stabilization of body systems
B)adjust to parental figures
C)learn to cry
D)develop new reflexes

Question 34

The nurse is aware that this phase of intrauterine development,the unborn child is MOST vulnerable for spontaneous abortion:

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)germinal
D)neonatal

Question 35

Why is positive bonding between parent and child so important?

A)It makes infants feel more contented.
B)It lays the foundation for trust needed to develop future interpersonal relationships.
C)It helps parents distinguish crying patterns more readily.
D)It reduces parental anxiety.

Question 36

The nurse is caring for a client with an eating disorder in which self-imposed starvation resulted in more than a 15% loss of body weight.This condition is known as:

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia
C)obesity
D)substance abuse

Question 37

Unhealthy behaviors contribute to the leading cause of adolescent deaths include homicides,suicides,and:

A)accidents
B)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
C)drowning
D)substance abuse

Question 38

During the toddler stage,it is important to remember that behavior such as temper tantrums and frequent use of the word no are expressions of the child's:

A)bad behavior resulting from lack of consistent discipline
B)developing autonomy
C)fear and anxiety
D)mirroring behaviors witnessed in others

Question 39

The nurse educates the pregnant client that this stage of intrauterine development is characterized by rapid growth and differentiation of body systems and parts:

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)germinal
D)neonatal

Question 40

When working with the preadolescent,it is MOST important that the nurse exhibit:

A)compliance
B)discipline
C)neutrality
D)sensitivity

Question 41

Which of the following are ways the nurse can teach promoting wellness in children? (Select all that apply. )

A)teaching hygiene measures
B)establishing sleep patterns
C)allowing long periods of play
D)scheduling health checkups
E)immunizing when the child is older
F)eating healthy meals

Question 42

Which of these behaviors in an adolescent is a sign of suicide risk?

A)increased participation in social activities
B)giving away treasured objects
C)overattention to personal hygiene
D)preoccupation with peer group and social roles

Question 43

What is the leading cause of infection among young adults?

A)environmental exposure to pathogens
B)illicit drug use and abuse
C)neglect of personal hygiene
D)sexually transmitted diseases

Question 44

Developmental characteristics of an older adult client include:

A)decreased capacity for long-term recall
B)maintenance of physical strength
C)decreased sense of worth
D)potential for social isolation

Question 45

Which of the following is a physiologic change occurring in middle adulthood?

A)increased gastrointestinal motility
B)increased muscle tone
C)decreased ability to concentrate
D)decreased blood vessel elasticity