Deck 6: Cell Function

Question 1

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:

A) dialysis.
B) osmosis.
C) diffusion.
D) filtration.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution:

A) there would be a net gain of water into the cell.
B) there would be a net loss of water out of the cell.
C) no water would move into or out of the cell.
D) water would move into and out of the cell in equal amounts.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as:

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) pinocytosis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be:

A) isotonic.
B) hypotonic.
C) hypertonic.
D) hydrostatic.

Question 5

Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) filtration.
C) osmosis.
D) active transport.

Question 6

If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution:

A) there would be a net gain of water into the cell.
B) there would be a net loss of water out of the cell.
C) no water would move into or out of the cell.
D) water would move into and out of the cell in equal amounts.

Question 7

NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction?

A) Both into and out of the cell
B) Into the cell
C) Out of the cell
D) Neither into nor out of the cell

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of diffusion?

A) Uses cellular energy
B) Can occur in living and nonliving cells
C) May occur both into and out of the cell
D) Energy source is cellular

Question 9

Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be:

A) no movement of water or glucose.
B) movement of glucose but not water.
C) movement of water but not glucose.
D) an even exchange of material across the membrane.

Question 10

The small water channels in the cell membrane are called:

A) phospholipid molecules.
B) transport pumps.
C) aquaporins.
D) transport vesicles.

Question 11

Potential osmotic pressure can be measured by determining the:

A) concentration on either side of a membrane.
B) strength of the concentration gradient.
C) permeability of the membrane.
D) There is no direct means of measurement.

Question 12

Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump?

A) It uses cellular energy.
B) Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
C) A carrier system is used.
D) It can move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 13

Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called:

A) pinocytosis.
B) osmosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) dialysis.

Question 14

Phagocytosis is an example of:

A) exocytosis.
B) endocytosis.
C) passive transport.
D) facilitated diffusion.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a passive transport process?

A) Dialysis
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Phagocytosis

Question 16

A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of:

A) endocytosis.
B) the sodium and potassium pump.
C) channel-mediated transport.
D) carrier-mediated transport.

Question 17

Diffusion requires:

A) a semipermeable membrane.
B) a concentration gradient.
C) ions.
D) none of the above.

Question 18

Water will move through the cell membrane by:

A) dialysis.
B) diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) osmosis.

Question 19

Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump?

A) Two sodium ions are taken into the cell.
B) Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell.
C) Three potassium ions are taken into the cell.
D) Two potassium ions are taken out of the cell.

Question 20

All of the following are examples of passive transport except:

A) filtration.
B) osmosis.
C) endocytosis.
D) dialysis.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?

A) It occurs in the cytoplasm.
B) It does not require oxygen.
C) The energy is transferred to NADH.
D) It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule.

Question 22

After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle can digest what is in the vesicle?

A) Lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Cytoskeleton

Question 23

Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme?

A) Temperature
B) pH
C) An increase in the amount of end product produced by a reaction
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of enzymes?

A) They increase the activation of a reaction.
B) They are unchanged by the chemical reaction.
C) They frequently require a cofactor or coenzyme to function.
D) All of the above are true of enzymes.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?

A) They turn larger molecules into smaller ones.
B) They turn smaller molecules into larger ones.
C) They require energy from the cell.
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways?

A) They turn larger molecules into smaller ones.
B) They turn smaller molecules into larger ones.
C) They require energy from the cell.
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 27

Hydrostatic pressure in the blood is:

A) generated by the contraction of the heart.
B) generated by gravity.
C) important to the functioning of the kidney.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of:

A) pinocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) "cell drinking."

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

A) Occurs in the mitochondria
B) Directly releases 36 ATPs of energy
C) Has acetyl CoA as a starting product
D) All of the above are true of the citric acid cycle.

Question 30

If a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane:

A) glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution.
B) water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution.
C) water would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution.
D) both A and B would occur.

Question 31

The location at which the enzyme molecule binds to the substance it acts on is called the:

A) substrate.
B) coenzyme.
C) active site.
D) cofactor.

Question 32

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as _____ pressure.

A) facilitated.
B) hydrostatic.
C) hypostatic.
D) diffused.

Question 33

In aerobic respiration, the function of oxygen is to combine with:

A) pyruvic acid in glycolysis.
B) NADH in the citric acid cycle.
C) electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport system.
D) lactic acid in glycolysis.

Question 34

Gated channels in the cell membrane can be "opened" by:

A) electrical changes or voltage.
B) chemicals.
C) light.
D) all of the above.

Question 35

Which enzymes rearrange atoms within a molecule?

A) Hydrases
B) Phosphorylating enzymes
C) Oxidation-reduction enzymes
D) Isomerases

Question 36

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing the enzyme's shape is called a(n):

A) cofactor.
B) coenzyme.
C) allosteric effector.
D) proenzyme.

Question 37

Digestive enzymes belong to which group?

A) Hydrases
B) Phosphorylating enzymes
C) Hydrolases
D) Isomerases

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of the exocytosis?

A) The vesicles containing the protein were formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B) The vesicles are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton.
C) The vesicles add to the structure of the cell membrane.
D) All of the above are true of exocytosis.

Question 39

The proteins in the cell membrane that can open and close are called:

A) enzymes.
B) gated channel proteins.
C) glycoproteins.
D) both A and B.

Question 40

A hypertonic solution contains _____ concentration of solute _____ the cell.

A) a greater; than
B) the same; as
C) a lesser; than
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 41

Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes, because they require a carrier system such as a pump.

Question 42

One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up, or against, its concentration gradient.

Question 43

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse.

Question 44

Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells.

Question 45

A semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur.

Question 46

Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles.

Question 47

The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 48

The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists is called filtration.

Question 49

Active transport processes that use protein carrier molecules, or pumps, do not use cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients.

Question 50

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic.

Question 51

For osmosis to occur there must be at least one impermeable solute present.

Question 52

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process.

Question 53

The active transport process involving pumps requires both a carrier system and cellular energy.

Question 54

For osmosis to occur, a selectively permeable membrane must be present.

Question 55

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.

Question 56

A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Question 57

Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions.

Question 58

A hypertonic solution has a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution.

Question 59

A 10% solution of NaCl has a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucose.

Question 60

The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking.

Question 61

The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrase joins two sucrose molecules together.

Question 62

Cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis.

Question 63

Diffusion is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.

Question 64

A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane.

Question 65

Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins.

Question 66

Diffusion is a characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system.

Question 67

For an enzyme to function, the coenzyme must fit into the enzyme's active site like a key fits into a lock.

Question 68

The size of the molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration.

Question 69

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions.

Question 70

Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell.

Question 71

Protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity.

Question 72

Lactic acid is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle.

Question 73

Most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.

Question 74

Anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration.

Question 75

An inorganic substance, such as an ion, is called a coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme.

Question 76

The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 77

Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occur in the mitochondria.

Question 78

The measurement of potential osmotic pressure is easier to determine than actual osmotic pressure.

Question 79

The "lock-and-key model" is used to describe how mRNA and tRNA base pairs align.

Question 80

The three processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the proton transport system.