Deck 3: Communication and Identity

Question 1

You shouldn't listen to the "boosters" and "busters" others give you since your self-concept is only your view of yourself.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Research indicates that mediated communication offers advantages for identity management.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Opinions of family members or teachers early in your life have little impact on the formation of your self-concept.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The self-concept is extremely resistant to change.

Question 5

The process of identity management can result in dishonest behavior.

Question 6

The text advises that we shouldn't acknowledge our strengths because we will develop overly positive, distorted self-concepts.

Question 7

People with high self-esteem tend to disapprove of others more than people with low self-esteem.

Question 8

The self-concept is a relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.

Question 9

Defensiveness can become a problem for someone who is presented with information that contradicts his/her self-perception.

Question 10

All communication behavior is aimed at making impressions.

Question 11

The influence of significant others becomes less powerful as we grow older.

Question 12

Personality traits are largely a result of genetics rather than of socialization.

Question 13

According to your text, the self-concept influences much of our future behavior.

Question 14

The only type of self-fulfilling prophecy that can occur is when your own expectations influence your behavior.

Question 15

Compared with face-to-face interaction, online communication tends to limit the control we have over managing impressions.

Question 16

Identity management occurs only in face-to-face interactions.

Question 17

Most researchers agree that we are born with many of our personality traits.

Question 18

People who think highly of themselves are likely to think highly of others too.

Question 19

The self-concept is a constantly changing set of perceptions that others have of you.

Question 20

The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honesty is called the presenting self.

Question 21

In individualistic cultures, a view of the self would involve all of the following except​

A)​self-sufficiency.
B)​high value on tradition.
C)​high value on equality.
D)​high value on change.
E)​personal credit or blame.

Question 22

The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself is called your​

A)​self-concept.
B)​interpersonal self.
C)​perceptual bias.
D)​self-feedback.
E)​self-orientation.

Question 23

According to your text, "ego-boosters and busters" are

A)​examples of how people ruin their self-concepts by taking drugs.
B)people or messages that influence the self-concept positively or negatively.
C)​the two essential elements of self-concept development.
D)​ways to predict how children will become good or bad readers.
E)​intentionally vague labels we give to mask true self-concepts.

Question 24

The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them is the process of​

A)​ego-video.
B)​reflected appraisal.
C)​manipulation.
D)​social ethics.
E)​identity management.

Question 25

People who have high self-esteem​

A)​expect to be accepted by others.
B)​have less of a need to work hard for people who demand high standards.
C)​are unable to defend themselves against negative comments.
D)​don't perform well when being watched.

Question 26

Kiko still thinks of herself as a struggling student although as a college student her GPA is a 3.5.This is an example of

A)​self-monitoring.
B)​self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)​cognitive conservatism.
D)​myth of perfection.
E)​distorted feedback.

Question 27

Managing your identity can be useful when you are meeting someone at a party for the first time.

Question 28

"Reference groups" are​

A)​people whose self-concepts we have influenced.
B)​individuals whose self-esteem has been diminished.
C)​groups against which a person compares him/herself.
D)​groups formed to improve shaky self-esteem.
E)​people who hang around the library.

Question 29

Research described in your text about mediated communication suggests that​

A)​it may be an advantage for creating a desired impression.
B)​it permits a responder to ignore a message rather than be unpleasant.
C)​it can lack the "richness" of many nonverbal channels.
D)​all of the above are supported by research.
E)​none of the above are supported by research.

Question 30

All of the following are true of the self-concept except that​

A)​it is objective.
B)​it is changing.
C)​it is, in part, a product of interaction with others.
D)​it is, in part, a product of our early childhood experience.
E)​it can be changed.

Question 31

Someone who is a "significant other" is​

A)​"socially" conscious.
B)​a person whose opinion we especially value.
C)​always a supportive person.
D)​a person with significant goals.

Question 32

The private self you honestly believe you are.

A)​reflected appraisal
B)​significant other
C)​cognitive conservatism
D)​presenting self
E)​perceived self

Question 33

A high level of self-esteem guarantees interpersonal success.

Question 34

The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the

A)​perceived self.
B)​desired self.
C)​presenting self.
D)​myth of self.
E)​transient self.

Question 35

DO NOT USE In the example of schoolchildren taken from the book Pygmalion in the Classroom,​

A)​the less intelligent children performed better than expected.
B)​the more intelligent children performed better than expected.
C)​the children teachers predicted would do better, did so.
D)​all the children performed the same because they had similar self-concepts.
E)​teachers improved their self-concepts by working with good children.

Question 36

People who have low self-esteem​

A)​are likely to approve of others.
B)​perform well when being watched.
C)​work harder for critical people.
D)​expect to be rejected by others.
E)​had traumatic childhoods.

Question 37

The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled ​

A)​reflected appraisal.
B)​significance posturing.
C)​the stability hypothesis.
D)​cognitive conservatism.
E)​the weak spine phenomenon.

Question 38

The tendency to cling to an existing self-concept.

A)​reflected appraisal
B)​significant other
C)​cognitive conservatism
D)​presenting self
E)​perceived self

Question 39

According to your text, telling ourselves we "can't" change our self-concept could​

A)​let others share control in the relationship.
B)help us accept our limitations.
C)​create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)​express equality through our humanity.

Question 40

If you want to change your self-concept, you should​

A)​have realistic expectations and perceptions.
B)​ask others to send you only positive messages.
C)​take yourself less seriously.
D)​It is not possible to change the self-concept

Question 41

According to your text, all of the following are ways that can help in changing your self-concept except

A)​seeking advice from books and others.
B)​being realistic in how you perceive yourself.
C)​determining what may be inaccurate feedback from others.
D)​being willing to change.
E)​comparing yourself to people in the mass media.

Question 42

Process of judging ourselves by the evaluations of others.

A)​reflected appraisal
B)​significant other
C)​cognitive conservatism
D)​presenting self
E)​perceived self

Question 43

Describe how you have managed your manner, appearance, and setting to create desired impressions in two different specific instances.

Question 44

The ability to manage identities in different settings and cultures is a feature of

A)​high self-esteem.
B)​too much self-disclosure.
C)​social exchange theory.
D)​communication competence.
E)​equivocation.

Question 45

To say that identity management is collaborative means that

A)​both people communicating agree with each other.
B)​each person creates an identity in response to the other's behavior.
C)​each person creates a similar identity.
D)​both people decide on their identities together.
E)​none of the above.

Question 46

Which of the following is not an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

A)​A child fails a test after hearing her teacher tell her mother that she never does well on tests.
B)​A student who previously complained of stage fright loses his place during a class speech and can't go on.
C)​A husband reluctantly agrees, with reservations, to his wife's request that they spend the holiday visiting Disneyland.He has a terrible time.
D)​Both b and c above qualify as examples of self-fulfilling prophecies.
E)​All of the above qualify as examples of self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 47

An example of a presenting self is

A)​Minh is very attentive in class and asks questions about the material to her professor.
B)​Minh regularly calls her friends, remembers birthdays, and listens to friends' problems.
C)​Minh is never late for work, volunteers for work committees, and turns in work on time.
D)​all of the above.
E)​none of the above.

Question 48

Explain how you managed impressions with others in a recent important event in your life.Cite the reasons why you managed impressions and then evaluate the way you presented yourself.

Question 49

All of the following are examples of social comparison except

A)​being judged for a test based on other student's grades.
B)​thinking over how you have added muscle mass in the last four months.
C)​deciding to go on a diet after looking at models in a magazine.
D)​judging your fitness level in contrast to others in the gym.
E)​all of the above are examples of social comparison.

Question 50

A person whose opinion we especially value.

A)​reflected appraisal
B)​significant other
C)​cognitive conservatism
D)​presenting self
E)​perceived self

Question 51

Popular TV shows featuring makeovers suggest to us that our appearance must be improved, which can lead us to feel worse about ourselves.This idea best relates to

A)​reflected appraisal.
B)​social comparison.
C)​self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)​identity management.
E)​presenting self.

Question 52

Your textbook authors give some suggestions about how to embrace a more positive self-image.Think about some aspects of your self-concept you would like to change.Next, for each, explain whether (1) you have a realistic perception of yourself in this area, 2) you have realistic expectations of yourself in this area, 3) you are or aren't willing to do what it takes to change, 4) you have enough information and know-how to carry out the change.

Question 53

Psyching yourself up before a soccer game is an example of

A)​positive prediction.
B)​a self-imposed prophecy.
C)​other-imposed prophecy.
D)​anxiety reduction.
E)​none of the above.

Question 54

Describe two people for whom you are a significant other.Describe your communication behavior with each of them, giving examples of how (a) you deliver "booster" and "buster" messages to each of them; (b) you create self-fulfilling prophecies that work for and against each of them; and (c) they allow your communication with them to affect their behavior.

Question 55

The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called

A)​reflected appraisal.
B)​social comparison.
C)​feedback.
D)​other-imposed prophecy.
E)​distortion.

Question 56

Explain the concept of reflected appraisal.Choose two people in your life who have contributed to how you view yourself and how their communication contributed to who you are today.

Question 57

A self-fulfilling prophecy is

A)​an accurate prediction about another's behavior, based on background knowledge.
B)​a prediction about one's own behavior, based on past experience.
C)​a prediction that affects the outcome of one's own or another's behavior.
D)​a mistaken prediction which fails to occur.
E)​none of the above.

Question 58

The "face" you show to others.

A)​reflected appraisal
B)​significant other
C)​cognitive conservatism
D)​presenting self
E)​perceived self

Question 59

When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through

A)​appearance.
B)​manner.
C)​setting.
D)​image.
E)​role.

Question 60

The term "self-concept" refers to

A)​the sum of one's physiological, social, and psychological attributes as perceived by an impartial observer.
B)​the way an individual believes others perceive her/him.
C)​the total of an individual's own beliefs about his/her physical characteristics, intelligence, aptitudes, and social skills.
D)​the sum of one's psychological, social, and physical attributes as perceived by a significant other.
E)​none of the above.