Deck 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Question 1

The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

A) indifferent
B) identical
C) parsimonious
D) unique

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

A) fertilization
B) binary fission
C) meiosis
D) mitosis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

A) In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B) In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C) At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D) At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow.

A) Sister chromatid
B) Gene
C) Centromere
D) Mitotic spindle

Question 5

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

A) Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
B) Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.
C) No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
D) It depends on the type of cell of the organism.

Question 6

What is cytokinesis?

A) The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA
B) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
C) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA
D) The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

A) Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane forms
B) Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane dissolves
C) Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes split
D) Chromosomes split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

Question 8

A zygote (i.e.,a fertilized egg)undergoes development to grow.What mechanism is used to generate more cells?

A) Fertilization
B) Binary fission
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis

Question 9

When one cell goes through cell division,it produces ________.

A) two identical cells
B) two different cells
C) four identical cells
D) four different cells

Question 10

What specifically separates during mitosis?

A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome

Question 11

How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?

A) 99.9%
B) 99.5%
C) 90%
D) 78%

Question 12

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words,have more than one nucleus).How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?

A) 46
B) 92
C) 184
D) It varies depending on gender.

Question 13

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

A) Interphase
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis

Question 14

How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?

A) 0
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92

Question 15

What are attached at the centromere?

A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) Daughter cells
D) Genomes

Question 16

What causes the furrow during cleavage?

A) It is a depression caused by the formation of a new cell wall.
B) A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
C) Connecting proteins that had been binding adjacent cells together now dissolve.
D) A loss of water occurs.

Question 17

Genes are located on ________.

A) chromosomes
B) the cytoplasm
C) mitosis
D) the centromere

Question 18

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

A) centromere
B) gene
C) chromatin
D) genome

Question 19

Upon fertilization,the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n)________.

A) zygote
B) gamete
C) embryo
D) gonad

Question 20

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

A) All cells of the body except gametes (i.e., only somatic cells)
B) Gametes
C) Both somatic cells of the body and gametes
D) Neither somatic cells of the body nor gametes

Question 21

If mitosis makes somatic cells,what does meiosis make?

A) Sex cells
B) Heart cells
C) Nerve cells
D) Body cells

Question 22

What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?

A) Jacob's syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 23

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female?

A) 44
B) 45
C) 46
D) 47

Question 24

What is a karyotype?

A) A picture of all the chromosomes in one person's cell
B) A list of all the genes on our chromosomes
C) A complete sequence of our DNA
D) A list of all the mutations in our chromosomes

Question 25

When does crossing over occur?

A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis I
D) Meiosis II

Question 26

Somatic cells are ________.

A) haploid (n)
B) haploid (2n)
C) diploid (n)
D) diploid (2n)

Question 27

Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female?

A) Male
B) Female

Question 28

Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 29

Two alleles of the same gene ________.

A) are always different
B) are always the same
C) can be the same or can be different
D) originate from the same parent

Question 30

Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction?

A) Crossing over
B) Independent assortment
C) Random fertilization
D) All of the processes above generate genetic variation

Question 31

What is the gender of the person indicated in the photograph?

A) Male
B) Female
C) Cannot be determined

Question 32

What is different between two alleles of the same gene?

A) Their location. For example, one allele might be at the end of one chromosome, while the other allele is in the middle of another chromosome.
B) The chromosome number they are on. For example, one allele might be on chromosome 12, while the other one is on chromosome 3.
C) The information they carry. For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment.
D) The cell they are in. For example, one might be in a liver cell, while the other is in a blood cell.

Question 33

What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 34

What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?

A) Crossing over
B) Independent assortment
C) Homologous recombination
D) Nondisjunction

Question 35

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes,how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?

A) 3
B) 2.5
C) 2
D) 1.5

Question 36

What specifically separates during meiosis I?

A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome

Question 37

What produces four daughter cells?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 38

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

A) 2
B) 23
C) 24
D) 46

Question 39

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II,how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24

Question 40

What specifically separates during meiosis II?

A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome

Question 41

Assuming codominance,if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant,what will be the color of the offspring?

A) Red
B) White
C) Pink
D) Red and white

Question 42

A test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier.The results generate a 50/50 ratio of phenotypes.The test subject is therefore ________.

A) heterozygous
B) homozygous dominant
C) homozygous recessive
D) heterozygous dominant

Question 43

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

What was the probability that Deirdre and Geoff's first child would express the albino trait?

A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 1/8
D) 3/4

Question 44

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

According to the pedigree above,who is a not a carrier of albino?

A) Bill
B) Brandon
C) Aaron
D) All of the above are carriers of albino

Question 45

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

What is Geoff's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
D) Cannot be determined

Question 46

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

A) Its phenotype
B) Its haplotype
C) Its karyotype
D) Its genotype

Question 47

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

What is Deirdre's phenotype?

A) nn
B) Albino
C) Normal
D) Cannot be determined

Question 48

The following F₁ cross is made: BBGg × Bbgg.Which is not a possible outcome in the F₂ generation?

A) BbGg
B) BbGG
C) BBgg
D) BBGg

Question 49

In a dihybrid cross involving two autosomal traits on different chromosomes in which the parentals are purebred for the opposite forms of both traits,how many of the offspring would be expected to be homozygous recessive for both traits?

A) 1 out of 16
B) 3 out of 16
C) 6 out of 16
D) 9 out of 16

Question 50

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

What is Dawn's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
D) NN or Nn

Question 51

Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.

What is Bill's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
D) Cannot be determined

Question 52

Assuming complete dominance,what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

A) 4:1
B) 1:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1

Question 53

Assuming incomplete dominance,if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant,what will be the color of the offspring?

A) Red
B) White
C) Pink
D) Red and white

Question 54

Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together.These are called ________.

A) nonsegregated genes
B) joined genes
C) fused genes
D) linked genes

Question 55

Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.

A) The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.
B) Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.
C) The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.
D) There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

Question 56

A homozygous milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a homozygous dark chocolate Easter bunny.Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics,which traits will the offspring express?

A) 3 dark to 1 milk
B) 3 milk to 1 dark
C) All milk
D) All dark

Question 57

Assuming complete dominance,what is the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

A) 4:1
B) 1:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1

Question 58

If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________.

A) typically on the X chromosome
B) typically on the Y chromosome
C) located next to one another
D) expressed only in women or only in men

Question 59

Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrum)of varying phenotypes?

A) Pleiotropy
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Epistasis
D) Single-gene traits

Question 60

If your grandparents were in the F₁ generation,what generation are you in?

A) F₃
B) H₃
C) P
D) P₃

Question 61

A common form of chemotherapy used to kill cancer cells is to administer drugs that disrupt cell division.Why might this also result in anemia,hair loss,and sores in the stomach and on the skin?

Question 62

Would a human clone have a bellybutton?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 63

Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis,and why?

Question 64

How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?

A) Embryonic stem cells secrete proteins that repair all other cell types, including nerve cells.
B) Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell.
C) Embryonic stem cells can cause any other cell type to multiply.
D) Embryonic stem cells are primarily involved with neural growth and development.

Question 65

Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more commonly expressed in ________.

A) children
B) adults
C) females
D) males

Question 66

Why are individuals with Turner syndrome always female and individuals with Klinefelter syndrome always male?