Deck 17: Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Question 1

When an antibody binds to a toxin,the resulting action is referred to as

A)agglutination.
B)opsonization.
C)ADCC.
D)apoptosis.
E)neutralization.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The antibodies that typically bind to large parasites are

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

A)TC cell
B)B cell
C)TH cell
D)natural killer cell
E)basophil

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

A)They originate in bone marrow.
B)They have antibodies on their surfaces.
C)They are responsible for the memory response.
D)They are responsible for antibody formation.
E)They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.

Question 5

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A)innate immunity
B)naturally acquired active immunity
C)naturally acquired passive immunity
D)artificially acquired active immunity
E)artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 6

Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

A)specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors
B)specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules
C)specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens
D)specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies
E)specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins

Question 7

The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them),and which always exist as monomers,are

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

A)The cells originate in bone marrow.
B)Cells mature in the thymus gland.
C)Response to abnormal cells.
D)B cells make antibodies.
E)T cells interact with epitopes in MHC molecules.

Question 9

The specificity of an antibody is due to

A)its valence.
B)the H chains.
C)the L chains.
D)the constant portions of the H and L chains.
E)the variable portions of the H and L chains.

Question 10

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Question 11

Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

A)antigen.
B)T cell.
C)B cell.
D)memory cell.
E)APC.

Question 12

Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

A)innate immunity.
B)naturally acquired active immunity.
C)naturally acquired passive immunity.
D)artificially acquired active immunity.
E)artificially acquired passive immunity.

Question 13

What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

A)innate immunity
B)naturally acquired active immunity
C)naturally acquired passive immunity
D)artificially acquired active immunity
E)artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 14

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Question 15

In addition to IgG,the antibodies that can fix complement are

A)IgM.
B)IgA.
C)IgD.
D)IgE.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

CD4⁺ T cells are activated by

A)interaction between CD4⁺ and MHC II.
B)interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
C)cytokines released by dendritic cells.
D)cytokines released by B cells.
E)complement.

Question 17

Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

A)dentritic cells
B)macrophages
C)mature B cells
D)natural killer cells
E)None of the answers is correct;all of these are APCs.

Question 18

The antibodies found in mucus,saliva,and tears are

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Question 19

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

A)innate immunity
B)naturally acquired active immunity
C)naturally acquired passive immunity
D)artificially acquired active immunity
E)artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 20

Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?

A)clonal deletion
B)activation of complement
C)opsonization
D)ADCC
E)agglutination

Question 21

Which of the following are NOT lymphocytes?

A)cytotoxic T cells
B)helper T cells
C)NK cells
D)M cells
E)B cells

Question 22

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgM
D)IgD
E)IgE

Question 23

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1,which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to a repeated exposure with the identical antigen?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 24

At a minimum,the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

A)10⁵
B)10¹⁰
C)10¹⁵
D)10²⁰
E)10²⁵

Question 25

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2,which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

A)a and b
B)a and c
C)b and c
D)c and d
E)b and d

Question 26

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

A)activate CD8⁺ cells to CTLs.
B)convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells.
C)convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells.
D)directly kill parasites.
E)convert B cells to T cells.

Question 27

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2,what portion will typically attach to a host cell?

A)a and c
B)b
C)b and c
D)a and d
E)e

Question 28

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
B)The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
C)The Fc region may attach to a host cell.
D)The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?

A)something foreign in the body
B)a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies
C)a chemical that combines with antibodies
D)a pathogen
E)a protein that combines with antibodies

Question 30

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2,which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

A)a and b
B)a and c
C)b and c
D)c and d
E)b and d

Question 31

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A)granzymes
B)hapten
C)IL-1
D)IL-2
E)perforin

Question 32

The following events occur in cellular immunity,leading to a response from TH cells.What is the third step?

A)Antibodies are produced.
B)Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
C)Antigen enters M cell.
D)TH cell produces cytokines.
E)TH cells proliferate.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

A)They destroy virus-infected cells.
B)They destroy tumor cells.
C)They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
D)They are stimulated by an antigen.
E)None of the answers are correct;all of these statements are true.

Question 34

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

A)capsule
B)flagellum
C)pili
D)ribosome
E)plasmid

Question 35

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1,which letter on the graph indicates the highest antibody titer during the patient's response to a second and distinct/different antigen?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 36

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

A)CTL
B)Tᵣₑg
C)TH
D)dendritic cells
E)B cells

Question 37

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2,which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

A)a and b
B)a and c
C)b and c
D)c and d

Question 38

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1,the arrow at time (d)indicates

A)the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a).
B)the secondary response.
C)the primary response.
D)exposure to a new antigen.
E)the T-cell response.

Question 39

The following events elicit an antibody response.What is the third step?

A)Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
B)APC phagocytizes antigen.
C)B cell is activated.
D)TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
E)TH cell produces cytokines.

Question 40

Thymic selection

A)destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.
B)destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
C)destroys MHC molecules.
D)destroys CD4⁺ cells that attack self.
E)activates B cells.

Question 41

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible for the response to the significant diversity of antigen targets.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about cytokines is FALSE?

A)They are soluble proteins or glycoproteins.
B)They are produced by immune cells in response to a stimulus.
C)Some have multiple functions.
D)They are chemical communication between cells.
E)There are 10 types.

Question 43

Which of the following terms regarding roles of chemical messengers is mismatched?

A)hematopoetic cytokine - development of blood cells
B)interleukins - communication between white blood cells
C)chemokines - stimulate chemotaxis
D)interferons - interruption of viral infection
E)tumor necrosis factor - stimulate tumor metastasis

Question 44

IL-2,produced by TH cells,

A)activates macrophages.
B)stimulates TH cell maturation.
C)causes phagocytosis.
D)activates antigen-presenting cells.
E)activates TC cells to CTLs.

Question 45

Memory cells do not require B cell receptors.

Question 46

Which terms regarding components of adaptive immunity are mismatched?

A)Dendritic cells- Langerhans cell.
B)activated macrophage - membrane ruffling.
C)M cell - microfolds.
D)TH cells - MHCI interaction.
E)TH-17 cells - recruit neutrophils.

Question 47

The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

Question 48

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

Question 49

Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

Question 50

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

A)antibodies.
B)macrophages.
C)T helper cells.
D)B cells.
E)CTLs.

Question 51

Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

Question 52

Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

Question 53

NK cells do all of the following EXCEPT

A)bind to Fc regions of bound antibodies.
B)kill cells not expressing MHCI.
C)participate in antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity.
D)become activated by TH-2 cells.
E)comprise 10-15% of circulating lymphocytes.

Question 54

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

A)eukaryotic pathogens.
B)prions.
C)extracellular viruses.
D)bacterial pathogens.
E)bacterial toxins.

Question 55

The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.

Question 56

A Tᵣₑg cell deficiency could result in

A)increased number of viral infections.
B)increased number of bacterial infections.
C)autoimmunity.
D)increased severity of bacterial infections.
E)transplant rejection.

Question 57

When haptens attach to carrier molecules,an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

Question 58

A cell undergoing apoptosis

A)bursts and releases intracellular contents.
B)was necessarily bound by antibodies.
C)is employed as an infection-fighting mechanism.
D)is a malfunction of the immune system.
E)will likely damage nearby cells.

Question 59

Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

Question 60

The importance of M cells concerns

A)facilitation of contact between antigens in the intestinal tract and the immune system.
B)presentation of epitopes in MHCII molecules.
C)having microvilli to facilitate antigen capture.
D)preventing damage to adaptive immune system cells.
E)ability to migrate along the intestinal tract.

Question 61

A very ill 48-year-old man comes to the Emergency Room and is diagnosed with pneumonia and thrush.Suspicious,the attending physician orders an HIV antibody test which comes back positive within a few hours.Why does a patient with acquired immunodeficiency have antibodies to HIV?

Question 62

What adaptive immune responses,if any,could one expect to function normally in a human born without a thymus?

Question 63

Describe the production of antibodies using the clonal selection theory.

Question 64

Can natural killer cells successfully perform duties without antibodies? Explain.

Question 65

A person has antibodies against the measles virus.Identify three ways in which these antibodies could be acquired.