Deck 1: Introduction to Genetics

Question 1

Alternative forms of a gene are called ________.

Answer 1

alleles

Question 2

In many species,there are two representatives of each chromosome.In such species,the characteristic number of chromosomes is called the ________ number.It is usually symbolized as ________.

A) haploid; n
B) haploid; 2n
C) diploid; 2n
D) diploid; n
E) None of the answers listed are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The various characteristics of organisms that result from their genetic makeup are collectively referred to as an organism's ________.

Answer 3

phenotype

Question 4

What is a mutation?

Question 5

In the 1600s,William Harvey studied reproduction and development.What is the term given to the theory which states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult?

A) preformation
B) sequential pattern formation
C) equational transformation
D) transduction
E) epigenesis

Question 6

Early in the twentieth century,Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation.They proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes,which led to the basis of the ________.

Question 7

Name two individuals who provided the conceptual basis for our present understanding that genes are on chromosomes.

Question 8

What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide differences in observable features?

Question 9

What term refers to the similarity between parents and offspring and what term refers to the lack of similarity between parents and offspring?

Question 10

Who,along with Alfred Wallace,formulated the theory of natural selection?

A) Gregor Mendel
B) William Harvey
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Charles Darwin
E) James Watson

Question 11

Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Question 12

What does the term genetics mean?

Question 13

What is a simple definition of an allele?

Question 14

Genetics is the study of ________.

A) inheritance and variation
B) mutation and recession
C) transcription and translation
D) diploid and haploid
E) replication and recombination

Question 15

Until the mid-1940s,many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the genetic material.Why?

Question 16

Who was the Augustinian monk that conducted a decade of experiments on the garden pea,eventually showing that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable ways?

A) Francis Crick
B) Alfred Wallace
C) Hippocrates
D) Aristotle
E) Gregor Mendel

Question 17

What is the term given to the theory which states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult?

A) preformation
B) transduction
C) transformation
D) conjugation
E) cell theory

Question 18

Name the individual who,while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s,demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors.

Question 19

What is the term given to the theory that put forth the idea that living organisms could arise by incubating nonliving components?

A) spontaneous generation
B) natural selection
C) evolution
D) preformation
E) collective combination

Question 20

Name one of the botanists who,in 1900,rediscovered the work of Gregor Mendel.

Question 21

What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in databases for research purposes?

Question 22

In nonviral systems,what is the nature of the hereditary substance?

Question 23

The human genome sequence was reported in 2003 by two groups,the publicly funded ________ and ________.

Question 24

List the two relatively complex processes in which genetic information is converted into functional products.

Question 25

What is meant by complementarity in terms of the structure of DNA?

Question 26

What is meant by the term genetic code?

Question 27

Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes,known as ________ that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Question 28

A fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases that is necessary for the double-stranded nature of its structure is ________.

Question 29

Organisms that are well understood from a scientific standpoint and are often used in basic biological research are often called ________.

Question 30

Name the bases in DNA and their pairing specificities.

Question 31

What is the composition of the genetic material?

Question 32

Distinguish the functions of DNA and RNA in a eukaryote.

Question 33

Research dealing with which human blood disorder was instrumental in linking the genotype to a specific phenotype,and what conclusion was reached?

Question 34

Given that DNA is the genetic material in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,what other general structures (macromolecules)and substances made by the cell are associated with the expression of that genetic material?

Question 35

Reference is often made to adapter molecules when describing protein synthesis in that they allow amino acids to associate with nucleic acids.To what class of molecules does this term refer?

Question 36

A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,Drosophila melanogaster,and Mus musculus.What are the common names for these organisms?

Question 37

What represents an organism's genome?

Question 38

In 1996,a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly.Contrary to the more traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting,Dolly was produced by which procedure?

Question 39

What is another term for a biological catalyst?

Question 40

What is a transgenic organism?

Question 41

Complementarity in a genetic sense refers to the polymerization of nucleotides in DNA.

Question 42

Arabidopsis is a model organism for the study of ________.

Question 43

Genetics is the study of heredity and variation.

Question 44

Bioinformatics is a discipline involved in the development of both hardware and software for processing,storing,and retrieving nucleotide and protein data.