Deck 4: How to Observe Children

Question 1

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Anecdotal record​

Answer 1

a​

Question 2

Adults who care for young children primarily need to observe to find out the "what, when, where,and why" of children's problem ____________________.

Answer 2

behavior​

Question 3

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Perceive​

Answer 3

h​

Question 4

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Event sampling​

Question 5

There is no recipe for treating children that works for all children in all circumstances, but withcareful ____________________ the adult can gather the information needed to make intelligentdecisions and to select appropriate methods to prevent or respond to various problems.

Question 6

One way to increase objectivity is to make a conscious effort to separate facts from____________________.

Question 7

Researchers use carefully orchestrated strategies to collect ____________________ data that arenot slanted by their bias.

Question 8

Child guidance is much more a(n) ____________________ than a science.

Question 9

To recognize and deal with personal bias in observation notes, one's opinions should be separatedfrom observable facts and labeled "subjective ____________________."​

Question 10

The purpose of ____________________ sampling is to determine the precise number of times aspecific behavior occurs within a set period, as well as the pattern of occurrence.

Question 11

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Time sampling​

Question 12

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Biases​

Question 13

After the adult has responded to a behavior problem, the adult should ____________________ toevaluate how effective the chosen guidance technique has been in solving the problem.

Question 14

In a(n) ____________________ account, a specific type of behavior is noted each time it occurs.

Question 15

A(n) ____________________ record is an attempt to record in detail a specific episode that is ofparticular interest or concern.

Question 16

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Objective observations​

Question 17

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Inferring meaning​

Question 18

Everything that we perceive with our ____________________ is filtered through layers on layersof our own personal views and biases.

Question 19

The purpose of time ____________________ is to determine the patterns of occurrence andgeneral frequency of specific behaviors.

Question 20

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Running account​

Question 21

Observations help adults evaluate how effective a chosen guidance technique has been in solvinga problem.

Question 22

An anecdotal record is a detailed account of a specific episode.

Question 23

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
Subjective interpretation​

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a narrative description?​

A) Jenny tentatively wanders into the block center and fingers blocks on the shelf; Jamal enters, speaks to Jenny, and hands her a long block; Jamal animatedly talks as he begins building a block structure; Jenny watches intently, then begins stacking blocks that are all the same size.
B) 8:00 a.m., block center empty; 8:15 a.m., one girl in block center; 8:30 a.m., four boys in block center; 9:00 a.m., three boys and one girl in block center; 9:15 a.m., three boys in block center
C) Jeremy bit his lip as he focused on placing the block on the top of his 2-foot-high tower.He paused, looked around, dragged a chair over, and climbed on top with a block in each hand.He then carefully balanced the first block on the top of the tower and grimaced as he slowly added the last block.
D) Maria complained to teacher that Ally had taken her pencil, 8:28 a.m.; Maria complained to teacher that her chair was wobbly, 8:43 a.m.; Maria asked teacher to make Sam stop bothering her, 9:04 a.m.; Maria approached teacher and requested help opening her juice box, 9:20 a.m.; Maria cried and asked teacher to make Ally stop bothering her.
E) Wet diaper-X X X X; dirty diaper-; milk bottle-X X; juice bottle-; solid food-X X; nap-X

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an opinion?​

A)The music was on in the infant room on Tuesday, and Kyle did not sleep.
B)Kyle's body was moving, and he turned his head back and forth several times on the cribmattress.
C)Kyle twisted his body and attempted to turn over in the direction of the music.
D)Babies can't sleep when music is playing.
E)None of these is an example of an opinion.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a subjective inference?​

A)Julie and Chris both reached for the last banana piece on the snack tray.Julie got it firstand put it into her mouth.
B)Julie wanted to share the banana with Chris, so she pushed it up to his face andaccidentally bumped his lips.
C)Chris turned to the teacher and screamed, "She hit me with her banana!"
D)Chris continued screaming until the teacher walked over.
E)None of these is an example of a subjective inference.

Question 27

The only reason for observation is for program quality improvement.

Question 28

Everything that is perceived through the senses is filtered through an individual's own bias.

Question 29

Observations in DAP are used for all of the following except​

A)communicating with families.
B)identifying children's needs and interests.
C)judging the validity and morality of individual behavior.
D)planning program improvement.
E)improving curriculum.

Question 30

To interpret what has been observed, knowledge of child development in general as well as of theunique development of an individual child is necessary.

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of a checklist?​

A) Jenny tentatively wanders into the block center and fingers blocks on the shelf; Jamal enters, speaks to Jenny, and hands her a long block; Jamal animatedly talks as he begins building a block structure; Jenny watches intently, then begins stacking blocks that are all the same size.
B) 8:00 a.m., block center empty; 8:15 a.m., one girl in block center; 8:30 a.m., four boys in block center; 9:00 a.m., three boys and one girl in block center; 9:15 a.m., three boys in block center
C) Jeremy bit his lip as he focused on placing the block on the top of his 2-foot-high tower.He paused, looked around, dragged a chair over, and climbed on top with a block in each hand.He then carefully balanced the first block on the top of the tower and grimaced as he slowly added the last block.
D) Maria complained to teacher that Ally had taken her pencil, 8:28 a.m.; Maria complained to teacher that her chair was wobbly, 8:43 a.m.; Maria asked teacher to make Sam stop bothering her, 9:04 a.m.; Maria approached teacher and requested help opening her juice box, 9:20 a.m.; Maria cried and asked teacher to make Ally stop bothering her.
E) Wet diaper-X X X X; dirty diaper-; milk bottle-X X; juice bottle-; solid food-X X; nap-X

Question 32

Inferring meaning is the process of

A)communicating ideas verbally.
B)taking in sensory stimuli by seeing, feeling, touching, tasting, and smelling.
C)the act of drawing conclusions from evidence perceived.
D)expressing one's own opinion.
E)all of these.

Question 33

An objective observation is a(n)​

A)awareness gained by directly using one's senses to notice or understand.
B)carefully determined judgment that is free of prejudice.
C)conscious effort to interpret external stimuli.
D)all of these.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of time sampling?​

A) Jenny tentatively wanders into the block center and fingers blocks on the shelf; Jamal enters, speaks to Jenny, and hands her a long block; Jamal animatedly talks as he begins building a block structure; Jenny watches intently, then begins stacking blocks that are all the same size.
B) 8:00 a.m., block center empty; 8:15 a.m., one girl in block center; 8:30 a.m., four boys in block center; 9:00 a.m., three boys and one girl in block center; 9:15 a.m., three boys in block center
C) Jeremy bit his lip as he focused on placing the block on the top of his 2-foot-high tower.He paused, looked around, dragged a chair over, and climbed on top with a block in each hand.He then carefully balanced the first block on the top of the tower and grimaced as he slowly added the last block.
D) Maria complained to teacher that Ally had taken her pencil, 8:28 a.m.; Maria complained to teacher that her chair was wobbly, 8:43 a.m.; Maria asked teacher to make Sam stop bothering her, 9:04 a.m.; Maria approached teacher and requested help opening her juice box, 9:20 a.m.; Maria cried and asked teacher to make Ally stop bothering her.
E) Wet diaper-X X X X; dirty diaper-; milk bottle-X X; juice bottle-; solid food-X X; nap-X

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of event sampling?​

A) Jenny tentatively wanders into the block center and fingers blocks on the shelf; Jamal enters, speaks to Jenny, and hands her a long block; Jamal animatedly talks as he begins building a block structure; Jenny watches intently, then begins stacking blocks that are all the same size.
B) 8:00 a.m., block center empty; 8:15 a.m., one girl in block center; 8:30 a.m., four boys in block center; 9:00 a.m., three boys and one girl in block center; 9:15 a.m., three boys in block center
C) Jeremy bit his lip as he focused on placing the block on the top of his 2-foot-high tower.He paused, looked around, dragged a chair over, and climbed on top with a block in each hand.He then carefully balanced the first block on the top of the tower and grimaced as he slowly added the last block.
D) Maria complained to teacher that Ally had taken her pencil, 8:28 a.m.; Maria complained to teacher that her chair was wobbly, 8:43 a.m.; Maria asked teacher to make Sam stop bothering her, 9:04 a.m.; Maria approached teacher and requested help opening her juice box, 9:20 a.m.; Maria cried and asked teacher to make Ally stop bothering her.
E) Wet diaper-X X X X; dirty diaper-; milk bottle-X X; juice bottle-; solid food-X X; nap-X

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of an objective observation?​

A)Carlita fell off the tricycle and began to cry because she was angry.
B)When Carlita looked around, she realized she was not the center of attention.
C)Carlita climbed on the tricycle and rode across the room for about 10 feet.
D)None of these is an example of an objective observation.

Question 37

Match each definition to the corresponding term.​
​
On task​

Question 38

Biases are shaped by one's​

A)personal philosophy of life.
B)past experiences.
C)upbringing.
D)none of these.
E)all of these.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of an anecdotal description?​

A) Jenny tentatively wanders into the block center and fingers blocks on the shelf; Jamal enters, speaks to Jenny, and hands her a long block; Jamal animatedly talks as he begins building a block structure; Jenny watches intently, then begins stacking blocks that are all the same size.
B) 8:00 a.m., block center empty; 8:15 a.m., one girl in block center; 8:30 a.m., four boys in block center; 9:00 a.m., three boys and one girl in block center; 9:15 a.m., three boys in block center
C) Jeremy bit his lip as he focused on placing the block on the top of his 2-foot-high tower.He paused, looked around, dragged a chair over, and climbed on top with a block in each hand.He then carefully balanced the first block on the top of the tower and grimaced as he slowly added the last block.
D) Maria complained to teacher that Ally had taken her pencil, 8:28 a.m.; Maria complained to teacher that her chair was wobbly, 8:43 a.m.; Maria asked teacher to make Sam stop bothering her, 9:04 a.m.; Maria approached teacher and requested help opening her juice box, 9:20 a.m.; Maria cried and asked teacher to make Ally stop bothering her.
E) Wet diaper-X X X X; dirty diaper-; milk bottle-X X; juice bottle-; solid food-X X; nap-X

Question 40

One way to increase objectivity is to make a conscious effort to separate facts from opinions.

Question 41

How can an adult increase the objectivity of observations?​

Question 42

Event sampling determines the number of times a specific behavior occurs within a set period.

Question 43

Give three examples of adult bias.

Question 44

What are the different advantages of checklists and narrative accounts?​

Question 45

Time sampling records record descriptive details of a specific child's behavior throughout theyear.

Question 46

What are observations used for in DAP?​

Question 47

What is time sampling?​

Question 48

A running account is a narrative that records the frequency and severity of a specific behavior.

Question 49

What is event sampling?​

Question 50

What is a running account?​

Question 51

What are anecdotal records?​