Deck 2: Trait Approach

Question 1

Kirkpatrick and Locke's research postulated that ______.

A) three traits are the ingredients for leadership
B) traits can be both inborn and learned
C) leaders are no different from followers
D) traits are unimportant to leadership

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following traits are associated with charismatic leadership?

A) intelligence, self-confidence
B) physical attractiveness, height
C) desire for power, desire to help others
D) self-monitoring, impression management

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill's second survey when compared with his Initial survey?

A) there was little to no difference in the findings
B) situational factors became less of a focus
C) it was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership
D) personality played a larger role in leadership

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Who conducted studies of social intelligence and its relationship to leadership?

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 5

______ is described as those abilities to understand one's own and others feelings,behaviors and thoughts and to act appropriately.

A) Great Man theory
B) Social intelligence
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Big Five personalities

Question 6

Being socially aware,possessing social acumen,practicing self-monitoring,and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation,and then following through with said decision,are part of Zaccaro's definition of ______.

A) problem solving
B) social intelligence
C) task knowledge
D) cognitive ability

Question 7

Mary has managed the mailroom for 2 years.Management views Mary as a person with Special leadership talent,such as intelligence,sociability,and determination.What approach is Management using in assessing Mary?

A) trait approach
B) attributions approach
C) behavioral approach
D) managerial grid approach

Question 8

Who found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders?

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Shankman and Allen

Question 9

______ is one of the five major leadership traits that focuses on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

A) Agreeableness
B) Extraversion
C) Intelligence
D) Sociability

Question 10

In a major review in 1948,Stogdill suggested ______.

A) no consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from non-leaders
B) leadership traits are independent of situation factors
C) extraversion is a definitive leadership trait
D) a consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders

Question 11

Founder and former CEO of Apple,Steve Jobs,best demonstrated which trait?

A) openness
B) integrity
C) sociability
D) intelligence

Question 12

Research related to the trait approach has ______.

A) been a newer area of research
B) been around for over 100 years
C) not been a focus of researchers until recently
D) consisted of very few known models and studies

Question 13

By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey,which of the following was suggested?

A) leadership research has progressed little
B) that risk taking and originality no longer play a role in problem solving
C) that situational factors no longer play a large role within leadership
D) that both personality and situational factors were predictors of leadership

Question 14

who conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach?

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 15

A manager arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his task early as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization.Which two traits best represent the manager?

A) articulate and self-confident
B) dependable and diligent
C) trustworthy and perceptive
D) self-confident and empathetic

Question 16

Stogdill's second study found ______.

A) no significant differences in traits from 1948 to 1974
B) situational factors could not be identified
C) emotional intelligence plays a significant role in leadership
D) both traits and situational factors are determinants of leadership

Question 17

During the 2008 United States presidential election,Barack Obama demonstrated this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership.

A) readiness
B) capacity
C) charisma
D) drive

Question 18

The trait approach focuses on ______.

A) follower-leader interaction
B) role of the leader
C) role of the follower
D) role of the organization

Question 19

A student who practices the piano daily and tries new music despite the difficulty demonstrates which trait?

A) determination
B) sociability
C) integrity
D) self-awareness

Question 20

Persistence,dominance,and drive are characteristics of which trait?

A) extraversion
B) sociability
C) determination
D) intelligence

Question 21

The Big Five personality factor that is weakly associated with leadership is ______.

A) conscientiousness
B) neuroticism
C) agreeableness
D) sociability

Question 22

Benchmarking what to look for if you want to be a leader is about ______.

A) trying to develop specifically the five major traits in the text
B) giving a boss a specific set of traits to look for in potential new hires
C) helping individuals see their own traits and decide if these are leadership traits
D) specifically determining traits for a particular job promotion

Question 23

Within an organization,the trait approach can be applied to ______.

A) low-level managers
B) middle-level managers
C) upper-level managers
D) all levels of the organization

Question 24

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them.Those two domains are ______.

A) task and process
B) mind and body
C) affective and cognitive
D) traits and styles

Question 25

The underlying premise of emotional intelligence's impact on leadership is ______.

A) intelligence is the most essential part of leadership
B) sensitivity to personal emotions is most important to positive leadership
C) understanding one's own and others' emotions provides a base for impactful leadership
D) emotional intelligence has minimal impact on effective leadership

Question 26

A strength of the trait approach is reflected in the idea that ______.

A) self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B) there is a clear list of leader traits
C) identifying traits is highly objective
D) it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders

Question 27

The trait approach is concerned with ______.

A) leadership situations
B) leadership skills
C) follower attributes
D) leader characteristics

Question 28

A major strength of the trait approach is ______.

A) there is a set list of traits that identify leadership
B) it is easy to identify the best traits for leadership
C) it can be used for leader training and development
D) it highlights the leader component of the leadership process

Question 29

The cognitive domain in emotional intelligence describes ______.

A) confidence
B) feeling
C) competency
D) thinking

Question 30

The Big Five consists of all of the following factors except ______.

A) openness
B) neuroticism
C) conscientiousness
D) dominance

Question 31

Shankman and Allen's (2002)model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests leaders must take into account these three fundamental facets of leadership: ______.

A) context, self, and others
B) referent power, expert power, and legitimate power
C) desire for power, desire to help others, and desire to win
D) determination, integrity, and sociability

Question 32

Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence is a set of ______.

A) ethical and emotional competencies
B) social and perceptual competencies
C) personal and social competencies
D) cognitive and expressive competencies

Question 33

Openness in the Big Five Personality Model is defined as ______

A) curious, being informed, creativity
B) sociable, assertive, high energy
C) organized, dependable, decisive
D) accepting, trusting, nurturing

Question 34

An organization requires you to fill out a personality assessment instrument as part of your application process for a specific position with the organization.What best explains why they would have you do this?

A) to place you with others who share the same traits
B) to determine whether you fit their needs for the particular position
C) to examine your attention to detail
D) to decide on an amount for your salary

Question 35

Who found a strong relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership?

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 36

Which of the Big Five personality factors means the tendency to be anxious,vulnerable,or depressed?

A) extraversion
B) determination
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 37

Who developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership?

A) Shankman and Allen
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 38

Of the Big Five personality factors,which is the most strongly associated with leadership?

A) openness
B) neuroticism
C) social status
D) extraversion

Question 39

The trait approach is ______.

A) no longer a viable leadership approach
B) primarily a focus of outdated research
C) still a focus of contemporary leadership research
D) irrelevant in modern society

Question 40

People want to be able to identify leaders as those who are leading the way in our society.This is an example of what strength of the approach?

A) century of research
B) intuitive appeal
C) benchmarking traits
D) definitive list of traits

Question 41

The vast majority of research on traits from early to modern day has found ______.

A) leaders are different from non-leaders
B) masculinity is a common theme
C) dominance is a common theme
D) leaders and followers appear much the same

Question 42

The 100 or more years of research on traits was completed originally to ______.

A) distinguish between traits and behaviors
B) define the five major traits associated with leadership
C) distinguish between traits and skills
D) determine a universal set of traits associated with leadership

Question 43

______ is one of Northouse's five major leadership traits focused on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

A) Surgency
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Sociability

Question 44

Research over the past 100 years on leadership traits ______.

A) has clear and unambiguous findings
B) has produced a definitive list of traits
C) has described leader traits that are common to all situations
D) has failed to produce a definitive list of traits

Question 45

When trying to identify who leaders are,I am using the ______ approach.

A) skills
B) trait
C) behavioral
D) social judgment

Question 46

The five traits that have been found to be the set of traits leaders must have to be considered leaders are ______.

A) intelligence, sociability, self-confidence, integrity, determination
B) self-confidence, social judgment, integrity, determination, extraversion
C) there is not a set of traits that all leaders must have
D) there is a set of leader traits that all leaders must have, just not those listed above

Question 47

I just had an argument with my supervisor about spending more than was budgeted on my project.I had strong emotions during the argument,and now I am thinking about how to improve my mood at work.This thinking about my emotions is ______.

A) in the affective domain of emotional intelligence
B) in the cognitive domain of emotional intelligence
C) affective judgment of my emotions
D) is neither affective nor cognitive judgment of my emotions

Question 48

A leader who is assured and dominant in her manner is expressing ______.

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) integrity
D) self-confidence

Question 49

Applying the trait approach to 21st century leadership ______.

A) lacks credibility
B) helps us understand behaviors of leaders
C) informs that leader's traits are a part of leadership process
D) tells us which traits are important in which contexts

Question 50

More research has been conducted on this approach than any other.

A) trait
B) skills
C) French and Raven's
D) path-goal

Question 51

The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take ______ into consideration.

A) emotional intelligence
B) personality
C) differences in leaders
D) situations

Question 52

Arif is the leader of a small group of human resources professionals.Two of the staff members,Nina and Bohan,disagree about the leadership traits that Arif displays in their work situation.This disagreement describes which of the main criticisms of the trait approach?

A) high subjectivity
B) century of research
C) lack of leadership emergence
D) usefulness in training and development

Question 53

Zaccaro et al.in 2004 analyzed several studies about ______.

A) masculinity and leadership
B) self-confidence and leadership
C) intelligence and leadership
D) sociability and leadership

Question 54

Which of the following is not a strength of the trait approach?

A) self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B) it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders
C) more than a century of research has been conducted on traits
D) it provides a benchmark for what traits to look for in individuals

Question 55

Individuals displaying the five major leadership traits outlined in the text ______.

A) are leaders in their workplace
B) are beloved by their followers
C) may be leaders in their workplace
D) also display dominance in their workplace

Question 56

Which of the following is a strength of the trait approach?

A) it includes behaviors as a central component
B) it is used in many leadership training and development programs
C) it helps followers fulfill their need to see their leaders as gifted and special
D) it has a definitive set of traits that researchers agree upon

Question 57

Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______.

A) empathy
B) self-regulation
C) confidence
D) motivation

Question 58

The trait approach ______.

A) takes followers into account
B) is highly objective
C) is quite useful for training programs
D) has not found one definitive list of leadership traits

Question 59

A major criticism of the trait approach is ______.

A) its intuitive appeal
B) there is no definitive list of leadership traits
C) it highlights the leader component in the leadership process
D) research on leadership traits is fairly new

Question 60

Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence ______.

A) is not as important to leadership as IQ
B) is less important for meeting life's challenges than traits
C) plays a major role in a person's success
D) plays a major role at only the top management levels

Question 61

Leadership research using the trait approach is popular because it ______.

A) helps all kinds of organizations train and develop employees
B) does a good job of taking context into consideration
C) is a fresh, new approach to studying leadership
D) fills our need to see leaders as gifted in some way

Question 62

Yolanda is writing a paper about the traits that made Martin Luther King a great leader.Yolanda is using which theory to underpin her paper?

A) authentic leadership
B) team development
C) great man theory
D) culture and leadership

Question 63

A strength of the trait approach is that it links specific leader traits to organizational outcomes.

Question 64

In a study by Judge et.al.,the Big Five factor most strongly associated with leadership was ______ and the factor most weakly associated with leadership was ______.

A) openness, agreeableness
B) conscientiousness, neuroticism
C) extraversion, agreeableness
D) openness, extraversion

Question 65

Intelligence as a leader characteristic is found in which of the following approaches?

A) behavioral and trait
B) trait and situational
C) skills and behavioral
D) skills and trait

Question 66

Theo's boss is often described as friendly,cooperative,diplomatic,and sensitive.Theo would be most accurate in saying his boss is high in which major leadership trait?

A) sociability
B) intelligence
C) conscientiousness
D) drive

Question 67

As a member of your club,you feel assured that your attempts to influence fellow club members are generally right and appropriate and that you can make a difference.This best describes which of the major leadership traits outlined in the text?

A) integrity
B) self-confidence
C) determination
D) sociability

Question 68

Which of the following is among the five major leadership traits outlined in the text?

A) extraversion
B) sociability
C) conscientiousness
D) charisma

Question 69

Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______.

A) self awareness
B) determination
C) conflict management
D) self confidence

Question 70

Openness is one of the five traits in the text that focuses on honesty and trustworthiness.

Question 71

The trait approach to leadership ______.

A) determines the most important traits in a highly objective way
B) has produced a definitive list of specific leader traits
C) examines leadership outcomes of groups and teams
D) has been used in research for the past 100 years

Question 72

Emotional intelligence can be defined as our ability to perceive and ______.

A) use emotions to facilitate thinking
B) hide our emotions until we leave the workplace
C) manipulate emotions of others
D) seek counseling services at work

Question 73

Research indicates that a leader's intellectual ability ______.

A) is negatively correlated with leadership potential
B) should outrank followers by a factor of 2
C) has not been given much attention in the trait approach
D) should not differ too much from that of followers

Question 74

One benefit in using trait information is that managers can ______.

A) develop an understanding of who they are and how they affect others
B) determine the IQ of subordinates
C) consistently predict who deserves a promotion.
D) deny applications to those low in neuroticism

Question 75

The tendency to be thorough,dependable,organized,and decisive describes which Big Five personality factor?

A) openness
B) conscientiousness
C) low neuroticism
D) self-confidence

Question 76

Completing the strengthsfinder assessment can help ______.

A) identity themes of talent that can be developed into strengths
B) find the right potential employees in your geographic region
C) pinpoint weaknesses in organizational systems
D) definitively determine which of your subordinates should receive a bonus

Question 77

The MSCEIT measures ______.

A) potential for success in IT jobs
B) competence in problem solving
C) emotional intelligence
D) the top six leader factors

Question 78

An overview of the trait approach over the past 100 years can best be described as ______.

A) peaking in the 1950s and then largely abandoned since
B) initially focusing on follower traits then moving toward leadership outcomes
C) beginning with emphasis on great persons, then shifting to include situation, now back to traits
D) the most widely agreed upon approach for determining who can be a leader

Question 79

In the 1990s and early 2000s,researchers began to investigate leadership traits associated with ______.

A) goal achievement
B) social intelligence
C) values-based actions
D) self-confidence

Question 80

Subeena met Derrick at a job fair,and she just hired him as an entry-level employee.Before his first day of work,Subeena asked Derrick to complete a personality assessment online.Subeena's company most likely used this type of approach to help ______.

A) increase organizational effectiveness
B) determine Derrick's IQ
C) Subeena improve her communication skills
D) avoid discrimination lawsuits