Deck 4: Requirements Modeling

Question 1

A(n) ____ diagram shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur.

A)timing
B)ordering
C)orientation
D)sequence

Answer 1

D

Question 2

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category.

A)The customer analysis system must produce a quarterly report that identifies changes in ordering patterns
B)The system must maintain separate levels of security for users and the system administrator
C)The data entry screens must be uniform, except for background color, which can be changed by the user
D)The warehouse distribution system must analyze daily orders and create a routing pattern for delivery trucks

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A(n) ____ is a top-down representation of a function or a process.

A)UML
B)TCO
C)FDD
D)REJ

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in ____.

A)poorer communication
B)more satisfied users
C)slower development times
D)lower quality deliverable

Question 5

The primary advantage of RAD is that ____.

A)systems can be developed more quickly with significant cost savings
B)the company's strategic business needs are emphasized and the mechanics of the system are not stressed
C)the decelerated time cycle allows more time to develop quality, consistency, and design standards
D)systems are developed more slowly with fewer bugs

Question 6

____ are especially important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively.

A)Analytical skills
B)Artistic skills
C)Interpersonal skills
D)Confrontational skills

Question 7

Which of the following is a general category of system requirements?

A)daily reports
B)inputs
C)response time
D)login security

Question 8

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the input category.

A)As a final step in year-end processing, the payroll system must update employee salaries, bonuses, and benefits
B)Response time must not exceed four seconds
C)The system must provide log-on security at the operating system level and at the application level
D)Student grades must be entered on machine-scannable forms prepared by the instructor

Question 9

RAD relies heavily on ____.

A)prototyping
B)management direction
C)agile methods
D)Scrum

Question 10

Using a(n) ____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.

A)UML
B)TCO
C)FDD
D)REJ

Question 11

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category.

A)The Web site must report online volume statistics every four hours and hourly during peak periods
B)The system must be operated seven days a week, 365 days a year
C)The equipment rental system must not execute new rental transactions for customers who have overdue tapes
D)All transactions must have audit trails

Question 12

In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) ____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system.

A)agent
B)actor
C)interlocutor
D)master

Question 13

One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is ____ modeling, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification requirements for the new system.

A)objective
B)requirements
C)goal-based
D)user-based

Question 14

In a(n) ____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives.

A)dodge
B)resequencing
C)scrum
D)adaptation

Question 15

____ enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution.

A)Analytical skills
B)Artistic skills
C)Interpersonal skills
D)Confrontational skills

Question 16

A ____ is a UML technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.

A)TCO
B)data schematic
C)use case diagram
D)user-based flowchart

Question 17

The ____ phase of the SDLC includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies.

A)systems planning
B)systems analysis
C)systems design
D)systems implementation

Question 18

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the output category.

A)Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID cards into data collection terminals that record labor costs
B)The contact management system must generate a daily reminder list for all sales reps
C)The student records system must allow record access by either the student name or the student number
D)The system must support 25 users simultaneously

Question 19

The ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design.

A)UML
B)TCO
C)FDD
D)REJ

Question 20

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category.

A)The purchasing system must provide suppliers with up-to-date specifications
B)Each input form must include date, time, product code, customer number, and quantity
C)The manager of the sales department must approve orders that exceed a customer's credit limit
D)The student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration

Question 21

A category of information management software or programs designed for the large amount of information generated by an IT project is called _____.

A)PIM
B)Project data management
C)PDA
D)Personal data management

Question 22

To evaluate ____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.

A)scalability
B)reliability
C)compatibility
D)applicability

Question 23

In addition to direct costs, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the ____.

A)TCO
B)REJ
C)FDD
D)UML

Question 24

The term ____ refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future.

A)scalability
B)reliability
C)compatibility
D)applicability

Question 25

A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a(n) ____.

A)flowchart
B)histogram
C)agile method
D)Venn diagram

Question 26

Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it ____.

A)makes the interviewee feel comfortable during the meeting
B)gives the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C)keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
D)gives the interviewee opportunity to take calls during the interview

Question 27

When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called ____.

A)stratification
B)randomization
C)indexing
D)sampling

Question 28

The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which should include all except which of the following ____.

A)a brief statement of purpose
B)your suggestions
C)your signature
D)your observations

Question 29

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select any 20 customers.

A)systematic sample
B)stratified sample
C)random sample
D)comprehensive sample

Question 30

In an interview, ____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.

A)open-ended questions
B)closed-ended questions
C)leading questions
D)range-of-response questions

Question 31

In an interview, ____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale.

A)open-ended questions
B)closed-ended questions
C)leading questions
D)range-of-response questions

Question 32

Some ____, such as Microsoft Outlook, include a personal calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features.

A)PIMs
B)laptops
C)PDAs
D)Visios

Question 33

In an interview, ____ limit or restrict the response.

A)open-ended questions
B)closed-ended questions
C)leading questions
D)range-of-response questions

Question 34

In a(n) ____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

A)spontaneous
B)unstructured
C)informal
D)open-ended

Question 35

Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of ____ software.

A)PIM
B)Personal data management
C)Project data management
D)PDA

Question 36

In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, can be a valuable tool.

A)interview
B)questionnaire
C)sample
D)research report

Question 37

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.

A)systematic sample
B)stratified sample
C)random sample
D)comprehensive sample

Question 38

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select every tenth customer for review.

A)systematic sample
B)stratified sample
C)random sample
D)comprehensive sample

Question 39

Microsoft has developed a method for measuring a system's total costs and benefits, called ____, which is a framework to help IT professionals analyze and optimize IT investments.

A)TCO
B)REJ
C)FDD
D)UML

Question 40

If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should do which of the following ____.

A)switch to closed-ended questions
B)give the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C)continue using open-ended questions
D)rudely conclude the meeting

Question 41

Because use cases depict a system through the eyes of a user, common business language can be used to describe the transactions.

Question 42

Each activity within the systems analysis phase has an end product and one or more milestones.

Question 43

The personal interview usually is the least expensive fact-finding technique. _________________________

Question 44

IT professionals recognize that successful systems must be user-oriented, and users need to be involved, formally or informally, at every stage of systems development.

Question 45

In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also perform fact-finding for systems analysts.

Question 46

When recording facts, a systems analyst should document the work by ____.

A)recording information as soon as it is obtained
B)recording findings in such a way that they can be understood by someone else
C)organizing documentation so related material is located easily
D)using the most complex recording method possible

Question 47

When designing a questionnaire, all of the following are ideas to keep in mind: ____.

A)providing clear instructions that will answer all anticipated questions
B)arranging questions in a logical order
C)trying to lead the response or use questions that give clues to expected answers
D)phrasing all questions to avoid misunderstandings, and use simple terms and wording

Question 48

System requirements serve as benchmarks to measure the overall acceptability of a finished system.

Question 49

An agile approach emphasizes continuous feedback, and each incremental step is affected by what was learned in the prior steps. _________________________

Question 50

Because of the limited range of input and interaction among participants, few companies believe that a JAD group produces the best definition of a new system.

Question 51

Compared with traditional methods, the entire RAD process is expanded and, as a result, the new system is built, delivered, and placed in operation much later.

Question 52

The main objective of all RAD approaches is to extend development time and expense by excluding users from every phase of systems development.

Question 53

System requirements fall into five general categories: outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls.

Question 54

When recording and documenting information, Microsoft Word can create _____.

A)reports
B)summaries
C)tables
D)forms

Question 55

JAD provides a fast-track approach to a full spectrum of system development tasks, including planning, design, construction, and implementation. _________________________

Question 56

Because it is linked to a specific development methodology, systems developers use JAD whenever group input and interaction is not desired.

Question 57

In a sequence diagram, vertical arrows represent messages from one object to another. _________________________

Question 58

When preparing a checklist of specific tasks to observe and questions to ask, a systems analyst should consider ____.

A)asking sufficient questions to ensure a complete understanding of the present system operation
B)observing all steps in a transaction and noting the documents, inputs, outputs, and processes involved
C)talking to the people who receive current reports to see whether the reports are complete, timely, accurate, and in a useful form
D)examining each form, record, and report

Question 59

Compared with traditional methods, when properly used, JAD can result in ____.

A)less expense and greater manageability if the group is too large
B)more accurate statement of system requirements
C)better understanding of common goals
D)stronger commitment to the success of the new system

Question 60

A graphic modeling program allows you to manage details of a complex project, create queries to retrieve specific information, and generate custom reports. _________________________

Question 61

Although taking notes during an interview has both advantages and disadvantages, the accepted view is that note taking should be extensive.

Question 62

A common technique that allows users to participate in various development tasks is called ____________________, which is a user-oriented technique for fact-finding and requirements modeling.

Question 63

The deliverable, or end product, of the systems analysis phase is a(n) ____________________, which is an overall design for the new system.

Question 64

Creating a standard list of interview questions helps a systems analyst to keep on track and avoid unnecessary tangents.

Question 65

Knowledge of a company's formal and informal structures helps a systems analyst determine the people to interview during the systems analysis phase.

Question 66

In the RAD model in the accompanying figure, during the ____________________ phase users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.

Question 67

In addition to joint application development, another popular user-oriented method is ____________________, which resembles a condensed version of the entire SDLC with users involved every step of the way.

Question 68

When designing a questionnaire, arrange questions in a random order, intermixing simple and more complex topics.

Question 69

The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately.

Question 70

A list of topics should be sent to an interviewee several days before the meeting, especially when detailed information is needed, so the person can prepare for the interview and minimize the need for a follow-up meeting.

Question 71

Before publishing a form on the Internet or a company intranet, a systems analyst should protect it so users can change the layout or design but cannot fill it in.

Question 72

System documentation always is up to date.

Question 73

In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-finding process continues, the interviews are more general.

Question 74

When conducting an interview, after asking a question, allow the person enough time to think about the question and arrive at an answer.

Question 75

In the RAD model in the accompanying figure, the ____________________ phase focuses on program and application development tasks similar to the SDLC.

Question 76

Personal observation allows a systems analyst to verify statements made in interviews and determine whether procedures really operate as they are described.

Question 77

A single site visit usually gives true pictures, so it is unnecessary to visit more than one installation.

Question 78

When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further fact-finding.

Question 79

The ability to manage information is the mark of a successful systems analyst and an important skill for all IT professionals.

Question 80

When fact-finding, asking what is being done is the same as asking what could or should be done.