Deck 18: Posture and the Gait Cycle

Question 1

Within what plane is the postural distortion if the client has an increased lumbar lordosis?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Answer 1

sagittal

Question 2

What position is the client usually in when doing a plumb-line postural analysis?

A)sitting
B)lying supine
C)standing
D)lying prone

Answer 2

standing

Question 3

Within what plane is the postural distortion if one of the client's shoulders is higher than the other?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Answer 3

frontal

Question 4

The usual result of habitually reading a book that is held down in the lap is:

A)a high shoulder
B)hypolordosis of the lower cervical spine
C)a retracted head
D)temporomandibular joint syndrome

Question 5

The effect of carrying a shoulder bag has on the body is that it is:

A)fine as long as it is switched from shoulder to shoulder regularly
B)a problem only if it is heavy and awkward
C)best if it goes across the body and over the opposite shoulder
D)unlikely to cause problems elsewhere in the body

Question 6

What does the word posture mean?

A)health
B)straight
C)position
D)movement

Question 7

The most important thing to determine about a client's postural distortion is:

A)how much pain it causes
B)how many degrees it is from normal
C)what effect it has on the body's tissues
D)what adaptations the body has made

Question 8

A stressor is defined as anything that:

A)places psychological pressure
B)requires the body to change
C)is harmful to the body
D)physically damages the tissues

Question 9

The imaginary point within an object where all the weight of the object might be considered to be located is the definition of:

A)center of weight
B)compression point
C)ideal locus
D)mechanical axis

Question 10

What term best describes a set of interrelated postural distortions in the body?

A)primary postural distortion
B)secondary postural distortion
C)postural distortion pattern
D)compensated distortion pattern

Question 11

A postural distortion that occurs in the same area as the problem that caused it is what type of postural distortion?

A)compensated
B)uncompensated
C)secondary
D)primary

Question 12

Within what plane is a rotational postural distortion?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)coronal

Question 13

Which of the following is the best definition of bad posture?

A)an imbalanced and inefficient position that places excessive stresses on the tissues of the body
B)a balanced and efficient position that does not place excessive stresses on the tissues of the body
C)a balanced and efficient position that does not place any stresses on the tissues of the body
D)any position that feels bad no matter how stresses are placed on the tissues of the body

Question 14

A postural distortion that is caused by a problem in another area of the body is what type of postural distortion?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)patterned
D)none of these

Question 15

What are we looking for during plumb-line postural analysis?

A)body to be straight
B)range of motion of the joints
C)spine to have no curves
D)symmetry of the body

Question 16

To view transverse plane postural distortions,the best position for the therapist is _____ to the client.

A)posterior
B)superior
C)at a 90-degree angle
D)at a 45-degree angle

Question 17

Which of the following is the best definition of good posture?

A)a balanced and efficient position that does not place any stresses on the tissues of the body
B)an imbalanced and inefficient position that places excessive stresses on the tissues of the body
C)any position that feels good no matter what the stresses on the tissues of the body
D)a balanced and efficient position that does not place excessive stresses on the tissues of the body

Question 18

Within what plane is the postural distortion if the client has an excessive pelvic anterior tilt?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Question 19

To view sagittal plane postural distortions using plumb-line postural analysis,the best position for the therapist is:

A)posterior to the client
B)anterior to the client
C)to the client's side
D)at the client's feet

Question 20

To view frontal plane postural distortions using plumb-line postural analysis,the best position for the therapist is:

A)posterior to the client.
B)to the client's right side.
C)at a 90-degree angle to the client.
D)at a 45-degree angle to the client.

Question 21

What is the body's common response to muscles on one side of a joint becoming tight?

A)other movers relax
B)neutralizers become tight
C)antagonists become tight
D)fixators relax

Question 22

The postural distortion of rounded shoulders usually involves which of the following?

A)retracted scapulae and medially rotated humeri
B)protracted scapulae and laterally rotated humeri
C)retracted scapulae and laterally rotated humeri
D)protracted scapulae and medially rotated humeri

Question 23

What is the usual direct result of one joint becoming hypomobile?

A)Adjacent joints become hypermobile.
B)Adjacent joints have a restricted range of motion.
C)Body parts above counterbalance.
D)There is no patterned response.

Question 24

Which of the following terms describes when one body part deviates to one side and the body part above it deviates to the opposite side?

A)hypomobility-hypermobility pair
B)primary postural distortion
C)uncompensated postural distortion
D)counterbalance

Question 25

Which of the following can cause an elevated shoulder?

A)crimping the phone between the head and the shoulder
B)carrying a shoulder bag
C)working at a desk that is too high
D)all of these

Question 26

The postural distortion of a protracted head usually involves the center of weight of the head being located over:

A)the trunk
B)the left shoulder
C)the right shoulder
D)thin air

Question 27

Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to degenerative osteoarthritic changes of the anterior bodies of the thoracic spine?

A)protracted head
B)swayback
C)rounded back
D)rounded shoulders

Question 28

The most common secondary postural distortion is when a primary distortion:

A)inferior in the body causes a secondary postural distortion more superiorly in the body
B)superior in the body causes a secondary postural distortion more inferiorly in the body
C)on the left side of the body causes a secondary postural distortion on the right side of the body
D)on the right side of the body causes a secondary postural distortion on the left side of the body

Question 29

What musculature of the neck tends to be excessively stressed by a protracted head?

A)anterior
B)posterior
C)right lateral
D)left lateral

Question 30

Wearing high-heeled shoes causes excessive weight bearing over the:

A)transverse arch of the foot
B)lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
C)patellofemoral joint
D)talocrural joint

Question 31

Which of the following muscles would likely be tight in a client who has a protracted head?

A)semispinalis capitis
B)upper trapezius
C)rectus capitis posterior minor
D)all of these

Question 32

Which of the following muscles would likely be tight in a client who has rounded shoulders?

A)pectoralis minor
B)middle trapezius
C)rhomboids major and minor
D)deltoids

Question 33

The postural distortion of a protracted head usually involves a:

A)hyperlordotic lower and upper cervical spine
B)hypolordotic lower and upper cervical spine
C)hyperlordotic lower cervical spine and hypolordotic upper cervical spine
D)hypolordotic lower cervical spine and hyperlordotic upper cervical spine

Question 34

What postural distortion is known as a swayback?

A)hypokyphotic thoracic spine
B)hyperkyphotic thoracic spine
C)hypolordotic lumbar spine
D)hyperlordotic lumbar spine

Question 35

What is another term for a hypolordotic cervical spine?

A)swayback
B)dowager's hump
C)military neck
D)protracted head

Question 36

Which of the following occurs when wearing high-heeled shoes?

A)The ankle joint is in a stable position and the subtalar joint is in an unstable position.
B)The subtalar joint is in a stable position and the ankle joint is in an unstable position.
C)Both the ankle and subtalar joints are in an unstable position.
D)Both the ankle and subtalar joints are in a stable position.

Question 37

What are the two types of secondary postural distortions?

A)compensatory and consequential
B)consequential and inconsequential
C)patterned and unpatterned
D)primary and secondary

Question 38

What is the lay term for a hyperlordotic lumbar spine?

A)rounded back
B)humpback
C)Dowager's hump
D)swayback

Question 39

After wearing high-heeled shoes for a prolonged period,the foot _____ become short and tight.

A)inverters
B)everters
C)plantarflexors
D)dorsiflexors

Question 40

Scoliosis is characterized by the:

A)concave side musculature becoming shortened and tight
B)convex side musculature becoming shortened and tight
C)musculature on both the concave and convex sides becoming shortened and tight
D)musculature on both the concave and convex sides becoming loose

Question 41

Scoliosis is characterized by the:

A)concave side musculature becoming lengthened and weak
B)convex side musculature becoming lengthened and weak
C)musculature on both the concave and convex sides becoming lengthened and weak
D)musculature on neither the concave and convex sides becoming lengthened and weak

Question 42

Acture is also known as:

A)posture
B)static posture
C)compensated posture
D)dynamic posture

Question 43

What term describes the distance between two consecutive heel strikes?

A)gait cycle
B)step angulation
C)step length
D)stride

Question 44

A common result of a unilateral dropped arch of the foot is:

A)medial rotation of the leg on the foot
B)scoliosis
C)a shortened leg
D)all of these

Question 45

How many steps are in a stride?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)ten

Question 46

Static postural analysis is an examination of:

A)structure
B)function
C)physiology
D)acture

Question 47

A common result of a dropped arch of the foot is

A)decreased stress on the plantar fascia
B)increased valgus force on the knee
C)lateral rotation of the leg on the foot
D)lateral rotation of the thigh on the leg

Question 48

What is the average step width of an adult?

A)1 inch (2 to 3 centimeters)
B)3 inches (7 to 9 centimeters)
C)5 inches (12 to 13 centimeters)
D)10 inches (25 to 26 centimeters)

Question 49

What begins at heel-strike and ends at toe-off?

A)early swing phase
B)double-support phase
C)swing phase
D)stance phase

Question 50

What is the definition of gait?

A)the manner of running
B)the manner of walking
C)range of motion of a joint
D)efficient movement

Question 51

What is the usual range of degrees in step angulation?

A)0 to 5
B)5 to 7
C)7 to 10
D)10 to 15

Question 52

A common result of a dropped arch of the foot is:

A)increased valgus force on the knee
B)medial rotation of the leg on the foot
C)increased stress to the plantar fascia
D)all of these

Question 53

What is the cause of idiopathic scoliosis?

A)a shortened leg
B)a dropped arch
C)physical trauma
D)the cause is unknown

Question 54

What is the average step length of an adult?

A)12 inches (30 centimeters)
B)18 inches (46 centimeters)
C)28 inches (72 centimeters)
D)36 inches (91 centimeters)

Question 55

What term is used to describe the fluidity of someone's movement?

A)posture
B)mobilization
C)acture
D)range of motion

Question 56

Plumb-line postural analysis is most limited for postural distortions within what plane?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Question 57

Which of the following describes a limitation of static postural analysis?

A)The relationship between structure and function is not always direct and immediate.
B)Postural distortions create limited functioning of the body.
C)Symmetry of the body is extremely important.
D)Ideal posture should be achieved by everyone.

Question 58

What are the two main phases of the gait cycle?

A)stance and midstance
B)toe-off and double-limb support
C)early swing and later swing
D)stance and swing

Question 59

What is the term for a medial longitudinal arch that is lost only on weight bearing?

A)oversupinator
B)rigid flatfoot
C)supple flatfoot
D)windlass mechanism

Question 60

What term is used to describe one cycle of the gait cycle?

A)step
B)step length
C)swing
D)stride

Question 61

What is the major joint action of the thigh at the hip joint during swing phase?

A)flexion
B)extension
C)abduction
D)adduction

Question 62

What is the average speed of walking for an adult?

A)1 1/2 miles per hour (2 1/2 kilometers per hour)
B)2 1/2 miles per hour (4 kilometers per hour)
C)4 miles per hour (6 1/2 kilometers per hour)
D)5 miles per hour (8 kilometers per hour)

Question 63

What is usually considered to be the correct order for the landmarks of stance phase?

A)heel-strike,foot-flat,midstance,heel-off,and toe-off
B)foot-flat,toe-off,heel-strike,heel-off,and midstance
C)foot-flat,heel-off,toe-off,heel-strike,and midstance
D)toe-off,heel-off,midstance,foot-flat,and heel-strike

Question 64

In the middle to late stages of the stance phase of the gait cycle the muscles of the lower extremity are primarily _____ contracting and the foot is _____.

A)concentrically;rigid
B)concentrically;supple
C)eccentrically;rigid
D)eccentrically;supple

Question 65

Double-limb support is characterized as being present when:

A)walking
B)running
C)sitting quietly
D)standing still

Question 66

In the early to middle stages of the stance phase of the gait cycle the muscles of the lower extremity are primarily _____ contracting.

A)concentrically
B)eccentrically
C)isometrically
D)none of these

Question 67

Which of the following joint actions is important when planting and cutting?

A)elevation of the pelvis at the hip joint
B)depression of the pelvis at the hip joint
C)ipsilateral rotation of the pelvis at the hip joint
D)contralateral rotation of the pelvis at the hip joint

Question 68

Which one of the following word origins means power?

A)actus
B)positura
C)kinesis
D)dynamis

Question 69

Loss of motor innervation of what muscle group can cause foot-slap during the gait cycle?

A)plantarflexors of the foot at the ankle joint
B)dorsiflexors of the foot at the ankle joint
C)inverters of the foot at the subtalar joint
D)everters of the foot at the subtalar joint

Question 70

Stance phase accounts for what percentage of the gait cycle?

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 71

What begins at toe-off and ends at heel-strike?

A)swing phase
B)early swing phase
C)mid-swing phase
D)late swing phase

Question 72

Which one of the following word origins means lead?

A)isos
B)grapho
C)plumbum
D)trophe

Question 73

What is the reverse action of abduction of the right thigh at the hip joint?

A)depression of the right side of the pelvis at the hip joint
B)elevation of the right side of the pelvis at the hip joint
C)right rotation of the pelvis at the hip joint
D)left rotation of the pelvis at the hip joint

Question 74

Which one of the following word origins means bad?

A)contra
B)stringo
C)dys
D)luxus

Question 75

The purpose of electromyography is to determine:

A)the strength of a nerve impulse
B)when a joint is moving
C)the force of the heartbeat
D)when a muscle is contracting