Deck 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

Microfilaments

A)are usually composed of myosin.
B)are hollow,filamentous structures.
C)anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
D)interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions.
E)are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

A)enables ions to pass
B)forms enzymes
C)affects membrane permeability
D)anchors the phospholipids
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Compared to the extracellular fluid,cytosol contains

A)a higher concentration of potassium ions.
B)a lower concentration of dissolved proteins.
C)almost no glycogen.
D)a higher concentration of amino acids.
E)almost no lipids.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The smallest living unit within the human body is

A)a protein.
B)the cell.
C)a tissue.
D)an organ.
E)an organ system.

Question 5

The plasma membrane includes

A)integral proteins.
B)glycolipids.
C)phospholipids.
D)cholesterol.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The organelles and the watery component of the cell together is called

A)cytosol.
B)protoplasm.
C)extracellular fluid.
D)interstitial fluid.
E)cytoplasm.

Question 7

The tails of a phospholipid molecule are

A)hydrophilic.
B)composed of amino acids.
C)hydrophobic.
D)facing the cytosol.
E)interlocked to provide membrane strength.

Question 8

The plasma membrane is composed of

A)a bilayer of proteins.
B)a bilayer of phospholipids.
C)carbohydrate molecules.
D)carbohydrates and proteins.
E)carbohydrates and lipids.

Question 9

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except

A)lysosomes.
B)cilia.
C)centrioles.
D)ribosomes.
E)cytoskeleton.

Question 10

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

A)cytosol.
B)protoplasm.
C)extracellular fluid.
D)interstitial fluid.
E)a colloidal gel.

Question 11

Tubulin is a

A)carbohydrate that assembles into microtubules.
B)lipid that assembles into microtubules.
C)protein that assembles into microtubules.
D)protein that forms the tubular portion of the cytosol.
E)lipid that forms the ER.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

A)bind to ligands
B)regulate the passage of ions
C)act as carrier molecules for various solutes
D)act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E)storage of cellular nutrients

Question 13

Which of the following terms is/are not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

A)cell wall
B)cell membrane
C)plasma membrane
D)phospholipid bilayer
E)both a cell wall and a phospholipid bilayer

Question 14

Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions.

A)carbohydrates
B)enzymes
C)lipids
D)messengers
E)ions

Question 15

Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?

A)anchoring
B)receptors
C)recognition
D)enzymes
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following except

A)microfilaments.
B)intermediate filaments.
C)microsomes.
D)microtubules.
E)thick filaments.

Question 17

Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except

A)separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.
B)regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment.
C)sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid.
D)thermal insulation.
E)structural support.

Question 18

Which of the following descriptors regarding cytoplasm is false?

A)extracellular fluid contains more protein
B)the material that fills a cell
C)variable consistency
D)includes cytoskeleton
E)includes cytosol

Question 19

Microfilaments

A)anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.
B)control the consistency of cytoplasm.
C)with myosin,produce cell movement.
D)consist of the protein called actin.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?

A)nucleus
B)nucleolus
C)the cytosol
D)plasma membrane
E)cytoskeleton

Question 21

Microtubules have which of the following functions?

A)They form structural components of organelles.
B)They move chromosomes during cell division.
C)They provide a mechanism for changing the cell shape.
D)Molecular motors move along them.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for

A)drug and toxin neutralization.
B)lipid synthesis.
C)modification of new proteins.
D)shipping molecules to the Golgi apparatus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 23

Organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are

A)lysosomes.
B)peroxisomes.
C)endocytic vesicles.
D)nuclei.
E)toxisomes.

Question 24

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

A)ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum
B)proteosomes reticulum
C)raised endoplasmic reticulum
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Which of following properties of microtubules is correct?

A)made of myosin
B)made of actin
C)found only in the terminal web
D)another term for microfilaments
E)interact with dynein and kinesin

Question 26

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)nucleus.
D)mitochondria.
E)cilia.

Question 27

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A)rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondria
D)nucleoli
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 28

Match the organelle (1-4)with the correct description (5-8).
1)mitochondrion 5.intracellular transport
2)centriole 6.liquid in cell
3)endoplasmic reticulum 7.provides cell energy
4)cytosol 8.aids the formation of the spindle apparatus

A)1 and 7,2 and 6,3 and 8,4 and 5
B)1 and 8,2 and 5,3 and 6,4 and 7
C)1 and 7,2 and 8,3 and 5,4 and 6
D)1 and 5,2 and 6,3 and 7,4 and 8
E)1 and 6,2 and 8,3 and 5,4 and 7

Question 29

Peroxisomes

A)contain enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide.
B)absorb and break down fatty acids,generating hydrogen peroxide in the process.
C)are produced from other peroxisomes.
D)are more abundant in cells with higher metabolic rates.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A)microtubules.
B)mitochondria.
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)ribosomes.
E)Golgi apparatus.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false?

A)It receives transport vesicles from the RER.
B)It sends transport vesicles to the RER.
C)It produces lysosomes.
D)It supplies new membrane components.
E)It produces secretory vesicles.

Question 32

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

A)nucleus
B)nucleolus
C)chromosome
D)proteasome
E)mitochondria

Question 33

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is incorrect?

A)supports organelles
B)controls cell shape
C)provides cell strength
D)made of cytobones
E)moves organelles

Question 34

If an animal cell lacked centrioles,it would not be able to

A)move.
B)synthesize proteins.
C)produce DNA.
D)metabolize sugars.
E)form the mitotic spindle.

Question 35

When activated,lysosomes function in

A)formation of new cell membranes.
B)synthesis of proteins.
C)digestion of materials.
D)synthesis of lipids.
E)cell division.

Question 36

In the mitochondrion,folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

A)actin.
B)microvilli.
C)cytosol.
D)basal body.
E)matrix.

Question 37

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A)ribosomes.
B)rough ER.
C)smooth ER.
D)Golgi apparatus.
E)mitochondria.

Question 38

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A)microfilaments
B)intermediate filaments
C)thick filaments
D)microtubules
E)basal bodies

Question 39

Molecular motors that carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules are called

A)kinesin and myosin.
B)actin and myosin.
C)dynein and myosin.
D)dynein and actin.
E)dynein and kinesin.

Question 40

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

A)ribosomes.
B)microfilaments.
C)intermediate filaments.
D)flagella.
E)microvilli.

Question 41

Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:
Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion?

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7
E)8

Question 42

Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.

A)RNA; carbohydrates
B)DNA; lipids
C)DNA; proteins
D)water; RNA
E)RNA; proteins

Question 43

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its

A)ribosomes.
B)lysosomes.
C)Golgi apparatus.
D)nucleus.
E)nucleolus.

Question 44

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

A)chromosomes.
B)genes.
C)ribosomes.
D)codons.
E)RNA.

Question 45

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

A)nucleoplasm.
B)chromatin and histones.
C)histones.
D)nucleases.
E)mitochondria.

Question 46

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum except

A)storage and release of calcium ions.
B)modification of protein.
C)synthesis of steroid hormones.
D)synthesis of triglycerides.
E)detoxification of drugs.

Question 47

The components of ribosomes are formed within

A)the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Golgi complexes.
C)lysosomes.
D)mitochondria.
E)nucleoli.

Question 48

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

A)digestive enzymes
B)steroid hormones
C)protein hormones
D)transport proteins
E)antibodies

Question 49

Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:
The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to

A)attach to neighboring cells.
B)produce more cells.
C)increase surface area for increased absorption.
D)swim in extracellular fluid.
E)trap bacteria.

Question 50

Histones are found in

A)nucleosomes.
B)proteasomes.
C)lysosomes.
D)vesicles.
E)endosomes.

Question 51

The control center for cellular operations is the

A)nucleus.
B)mitochondria.
C)Golgi apparatus.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.
E)ribosome.

Question 52

Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure produces ATP for the cell?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)6

Question 53

Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled

A)4)
B)5)
C)6)
D)7)
E)8)

Question 54

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)gene.
C)codon.
D)anticodon.
E)polypeptide itself.

Question 55

Chemical analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin filaments.This tissue probably contains

A)nerve cells.
B)reproductive cells.
C)bone cells.
D)muscle cells.
E)liver cells.

Question 56

Figure 3-1 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)6

Question 57

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none.This suggests that

A)cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived.
B)cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
C)cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply.
D)cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand.
E)some cells are older than others.

Question 58

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore,it

A)can repair itself readily.
B)is malformed.
C)can only divide once more.
D)will be a long-lived cell.
E)cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

Question 59

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus.What is the proper order for these steps?
1) Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles.
2) Exocytosis
3) Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4) Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face.
5) Vesicles arrive at the forming face.
6) Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.

A)5,6,1,4,2,3
B)2,3,5,6,1,4
C)4,3,1,6,5,2
D)3,5,6,1,4,2
E)1,3,6,4,2,5

Question 60

Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false?

A)The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
B)The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in ATP synthesis.
C)Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae.
D)The mitochondria require carbon dioxide and produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation.
E)The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

Question 61

The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________,the same unit of mRNA is called a ________,which,during protein synthesis,is matched by the ________ of tRNA.

A)triplet; codon; anticodon
B)nitrogen base; sugar; phosphate
C)codon; anticodon; ribosome
D)gene; triplet; amino acid
E)triplet; co-triplet; gene

Question 62

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of multiple ________ and ________.

A)enzymes; three types of RNA
B)enzymes; two types of RNA
C)carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D)proteins; three types of DNA
E)enzymes; three types of DNA

Question 63

The process of forming mRNA is called

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)translation.
D)ribolation.
E)auscultation.

Question 64

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

A)ATC.
B)TAG.
C)UAG.
D)AUG.
E)AUC.

Question 65

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

A)osmosis.
B)active transport.
C)diffusion.
D)facilitated transport.
E)filtration.

Question 66

mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.

A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)phospholipids
E)salts

Question 67

A DNA nucleotide is composed of

A)three amino acids.
B)a codon and an anticodon.
C)one nitrogen base,deoxyribose sugar,and a phosphate group.
D)four nitrogen bases.
E)protein,lipid,and ribose sugar.

Question 68

What is the correct order of occurrence for the steps of protein synthesis?
1) mRNA is produced in nucleus.
2) Ribosome moves along mRNA
3) DNA uncoils for transcription.
4) Polypeptide is produced.
5) tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome.
6) mRNA moves to ribosome.

A)3,1,6,2,5,4
B)2,4,6,1,3,5
C)2,1,5,4,3,6
D)3,5,1,6,2,4
E)1,5,3,4,2,6

Question 69

The DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder.What molecules form the "sides" of the DNA ladder?

A)alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups
B)carbohydrates and lipids
C)repeating molecules of acids and bases
D)amino acids and protein
E)nitrogen bases and sugar molecules

Question 70

The anticodon for the triplet UCA is

A)AGU.
B)AGC.
C)TCA.
D)TGT.
E)AGT.

Question 71

The duplication of DNA is called ________,the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________,and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________.

A)replication; transcription; translation
B)interphase; replication; active transport
C)replication; translation; transcription
D)mitosis; duplication; protein synthesis
E)reproduction; duplication; initiation

Question 72

The molecule that brings the proper amino acid into place at the ribosome for the elongation of a new protein is called

A)mRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)ATP.
D)Na-K.
E)rRNA.

Question 73

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following except

A)hydrolysis of ATP.
B)the presence of the membrane channels.
C)the charge on the ion.
D)concentration gradient.
E)lipid solubility.

Question 74

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)translation.
D)mitosis.
E)auscultation.

Question 75

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome,it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon.This molecule is called

A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)tRNA.
E)RER.

Question 76

What would the complimentary DNA template strand be to produce the mRNA sequence of UGU - CAA?

A)ACA - GTT
B)UCU - GUU
C)CGC - ATT
D)ACA - GUU
E)TCT - GTT

Question 77

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein,it must be

A)edited to remove introns.
B)edited to remove exons.
C)transported into the cytoplasm.
D)edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.
E)coated with phospholipids for transport out of the nucleus.

Question 78

What would the complimentary (matching)mRNA and tRNA molecules be from a DNA molecule that has the following triplets? coding strand: ATG-CAA
Template strand: TAC-GTT

A)mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: TAC-GTT
B)mRNA: ATG-CAA, tRNA: TAC-GTT
C)mRNA: UAC-GUU, tRNA: AUG-CAA
D)mRNA: TAC-GTT, tRNA: AUG-CAA
E)mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: UAC-GUU

Question 79

Thymine is replaced by which nitrogen base in RNA?

A)ribose
B)uracil
C)guanine
D)thymine is not replaced in RNA
E)cytosine

Question 80

A gene is a set of specific instructions that

A)produces amino acids for proteins.
B)copies DNA strands for mitosis.
C)controls the process of mitosis.
D)indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
E)directs carbohydrate synthesis.