Deck 10: Control II - Procedures and Environments

Question 1

Pass by name is included in all Algol60 descendants.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

If a pointer is passed by value,the procedure cannot modify the contents of the pointer.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Pass by value is the default mechanism in C++ and Pascal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A procedure is a mechanism for abstracting a group of actions or computations.

Question 5

In C and Java,parameters passed by value behave as local variables of the procedure.

Question 6

Pass by value-result is also known as copy-in,copy-out.

Question 7

In pass by name parameter passing,arguments are not evaluated until their actual use as parameters in the procedure.

Question 8

Pass by name can be described as an advanced inlining process for procedures.

Question 9

You call a procedure by stating its name,together with arguments to the call.

Question 10

Pass by value implies that changes cannot occur outside the procedure through the use of parameters.

Question 11

A procedure specification includes its name,the names and types of its formal parameters and its return type,if any.

Question 12

An activation record is a stored log recording each time a procedure or function is activated.

Question 13

When parameters are passed by value,the arguments are expressions that are evaluated at the time of the call,with the arguments' values becoming the values of the parameters during the execution of the procedure.

Question 14

Procedures were first introduced when memory was scarce,as a way of splitting a program into small,separately compiled pieces.

Question 15

When you define a procedure,the parameters you list in the interface are the formal parameters.

Question 16

Pass by reference is also known as copy-restore.

Question 17

A procedure declaration creates a constant procedure value and associates a symbolic name with that value.

Question 18

A call to a procedure transfers control to the beginning of the body of the called procedure.

Question 19

Another name for activation record is stack record.

Question 20

An activation of a block cannot communicate with the rest of the program.

Question 21

The group of actions in a procedure is called the ____ of the procedure.

A) parameters
B) arguments
C) activation record
D) body

Question 22

Variables declared in the calling method are said to be in the ____ environment.

A) calling
B) defining
C) static
D) stack

Question 23

A procedure with no nonlocal dependencies is considered to be in ____ form.

A) independent
B) closed
C) control
D) structured

Question 24

Reference counting is a lazy method of storage reclamation.

Question 25

A procedure communicates with the rest of the program through its parameters and through ____.

A) constants
B) functions
C) nonlocal references
D) overloaded variables

Question 26

The ____ environment houses global variables.

A) calling
B) dynamic
C) defining
D) universal

Question 27

____ are known as actual parameters.

A) Arguments
B) Global variables
C) Control statements
D) Normal parameters

Question 28

In Ada,parameters can be declared as in or out,but not both.

Question 29

A procedure is defined by providing a(n)____ and a body.

A) name
B) interface
C) activation record
D) error handler

Question 30

Recursion is allowed in Fortran77.

Question 31

A procedure communicates with its calling environment through ____.

A) parameters
B) local variables
C) constants
D) shared memory

Question 32

In strongly typed languages,procedure calls must be checked so that the arguments agree in type and number with the parameters of the procedure.

Question 33

A ____ is a mechanism in programming for abstracting a group of actions or computations.

A) statement
B) procedure
C) block
D) method

Question 34

If the parameter becomes an alias for the argument,the parameter is passed ____.

A) by reference
B) by address
C) by value
D) by type

Question 35

The ____ is the memory allocated for the local objects of a procedure block.

A) call record
B) activation record
C) activation heap
D) heap record

Question 36

Mark and sweep is a lazy method of storage reclamation.

Question 37

The ____ determines the allocation of memory.

A) stack
B) environment
C) memory manager
D) translator

Question 38

____ are used to revert control back to a method caller.

A) Return-statements
B) Revert-statements
C) Control-statements
D) Redirect-statements

Question 39

If a parameter behaves as a constant value during execution,the parameter is passed ___.

A) by address
B) by reference
C) by type
D) by value

Question 40

Pass ____ copies in the parameter value,and at the end of execution,copies out the final value of the parameter.

A) by value
B) by reference
C) by value-result
D) by address

Question 41

In a(n)____ environment,all memory allocation can be performed at load time,and the location of all variables are fixed for the duration of program execution.

A) dynamic
B) universal
C) global
D) fully static

Question 42

Historically,the interpretation of pass by name arguments as functions to be evaluated was expressed by referring to them as ____.

A) chunks
B) objects
C) thunks
D) expressions

Question 43

The process of joining a block of free memory with immediately adjacent blocks to form a larger contiguous block of free memory is called ____.

A) consolidation
B) defragmenting
C) reference counting
D) coalescing

Question 44

Reference counting is a form of ____.

A) tracking parameter use
B) reclamation of storage that is no longer referenced
C) allocating memory
D) accessing nonlocal variables

Question 45

In a(n)____ environment,activation records are not removed as long as there are references to any of its local objects.

A) closed
B) fully dynamic
C) type safe
D) fully static

Question 46

The access link provides access to ____.

A) local variables
B) nonlocal variables
C) parameters
D) imported variables

Question 47

The local variable ____ stores the distance from the environment pointer.

A) distance
B) locator
C) offset
D) pointer

Question 48

____ occurs when multiple access links must be followed to arrive at a nonlocal variable.

A) Access chaining
B) Lexical chaining
C) Environmental linking
D) Global linking

Question 49

The pointer to the previous activation record is the ____ link.

A) reverse
B) history
C) control
D) return

Question 50

The ____ maintains the location of the current activation record.

A) environment pointer
B) activation pointer
C) stack pointer
D) stack register