Deck 3: Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?

A) anchoring
B) receptors
C) recognition
D) channels
E) all of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following about cytoplasm is False ?

A) Extracellular fluid contains more protein.
B) the material that fills a cell
C) semi-rigid texture
D) includes cytoskeleton
E) includes cytosol

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The plasma membrane is composed of

A) a bilayer of proteins.
B) a bilayer of phospholipids.
C) carbohydrate molecules.
D) carbohydrates and proteins.
E) carbohydrates and lipids.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 3-1
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions
Which molecule is a combination of a sugar and a lipid?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

A) bind to ligands
B) regulate the passage of water and small solutes
C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes
D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E) serve as cell nutrients

Question 6

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except

A) lysosomes.
B) cilia.
C) centrioles.
D) ribosomes.
E) cytoskeleton.

Question 7

Figure 3-1
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions
Which molecule is a combination of a sugar and a protein?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 8

Figure 3-1
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions
Microfilaments are labeled with which number?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 9

The plasma membrane includes

A) integral proteins.
B) glycolipids.
C) phospholipids.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 10

Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, except

A) microfilaments.
B) intermediate filaments.
C) microsomes.
D) microtubules.
E) thick filaments.

Question 11

Figure 3-1
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions
Which structure has a "gate" to control transport?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7
E) 8

Question 12

Figure 3-1
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions
Which structure is water most likely to pass through?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8

Question 13

The smallest living unit within the human body is

A) a protein.
B) the cell.
C) a tissue.
D) an organ.
E) an organ system.

Question 14

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

A) ribosomes.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) flagella.
E) microvilli.

Question 15

Functions of the glycocalyx include

A) lubricating and protecting the cell membrane.
B) identifying the cell for the immune system.
C) binding extracellular compounds.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 16

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

A) cytosol.
B) protoplasm.
C) extracellular fluid.
D) interstitial fluid.
E) a colloidal gel.

Question 17

Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following, except

A) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.
B) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment.
C) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid.
D) thermal insulation.
E) structural support.

Question 18

What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?

A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) the cytosol
D) plasma membrane
E) cytoskeleton

Question 19

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) thick filaments
D) microtubules
E) basal bodies

Question 20

Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

A) cell wall
B) cell membrane
C) plasma membrane
D) organic membrane
E) All of the above are used for the definition given.

Question 21

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus.
1) Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles.
2) Exocytosis.
3) Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4) Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face.
5) Vesicles arrive at the forming face.
6) Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.
The proper order for these is

A) 5, 6, 1, 4, 2, 3.
B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 1, 4.
C) 4, 3, 1, 6, 5, 2.
D) 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2.
E) 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5.

Question 22

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) nucleoli
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except

A) synthesis of glycogen.
B) modification of protein.
C) synthesis of steroid hormones.
D) synthesis of triglycerides.
E) synthesis of cholesterol.

Question 24

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A) ribosomes.
B) rough ER.
C) smooth ER.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) mitochondria.

Question 25

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

A) digestive enzymes
B) steroid hormones
C) protein hormones
D) transport proteins
E) antibodies

Question 26

Organelles that catabolize fats and neutralize toxic compounds are

A) lysosomes.
B) peroxisomes.
C) endocytic vesicles.
D) nuclei.
E) toxisomes.

Question 27

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is False ?

A) supports organelles
B) controls cell shape
C) provides cell strength
D) made of cytobones
E) moves organelles

Question 28

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

A) ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum
B) proteosomes reticulum
C) raised endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

The components of ribosomes are synthesized by

A) the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Golgi complexes.
C) lysosomes.
D) mitochondria.
E) nucleoli.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is False ?

A) receives transport vesicles from the RER
B) sends transport vesicles to the RER
C) produces lysosomes
D) supplies new membrane components
E) produces secretory vesicles

Question 31

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A) microtubules.
B) mitochondria.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ribosomes.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 32

Tubulin is

A) a carbohydrate that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubules).
B) a lipid that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubules).
C) a protein that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubules).
D) a protein that forms the tubular portion of the cytosol.
E) a lipid that forms the ER.

Question 33

Peroxisomes

A) contain enzymes that break down toxic substances.
B) absorb and break down fatty acids, generating toxic substances in the process.
C) is another name for lysosomes.
D) both contain enzymes that break down toxic substances, and absorb and break down fatty acids, generating toxic substances in the process.
E) none of the above

Question 34

When activated, lysosomes function in

A) formation of new cell membranes.
B) synthesis of proteins.
C) digestion of foreign material.
D) synthesis of lipids.
E) cell division.

Question 35

Microfilaments

A) are usually composed of myosin.
B) are hollow, filamentous structures.
C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
D) interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions.
E) are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.

Question 36

Which of following properties of microfilaments is True ?

A) made of myosin
B) made of tubulin
C) concentrated in the terminal web
D) another term for microtubule
E) interact with dynein and kinesin

Question 37

Microfilaments

A) anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.
B) control the consistency of cytoplasm.
C) with myosin, produce cell movement.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 38

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for

A) glycogen synthesis.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) protein synthesis.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 39

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A) cytoplasm.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) mitochondria.
E) cilia.

Question 40

Microtubules have which of the following functions?

A) They form structural components of organelles.
B) They move chromosomes during cell division.
C) They provide a mechanism for moving organelles.
D) They provide strength.
E) all of the above

Question 41

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) chromosome
D) proteosome
E) mitochondria

Question 42

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

A) edited to remove introns.
B) edited to remove exons.
C) transported into the cytoplasm.
D) edited to remove introns, and transported into the cytoplasm.
E) edited to remove exons, and transported into the cytoplasm.

Question 43

The process of forming mRNA is called

A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) ribolation.
E) auscultation.

Question 44

The anticodon for the triplet UCA is

A) AGU.
B) AGC.
C) TCA.
D) TGT.
E) AGT.

Question 45

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.

A) multiple enzymes; three types of RNA
B) multiple enzymes; two types of RNA
C) multiple carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D) multiple proteins; three types of DNA
E) multiple enzymes; three types of DNA

Question 46

Histones are found in

A) nucleosomes.
B) proteasomes.
C) lysosomes.
D) vesicles.
E) endosomes.

Question 47

A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides is termed a(n)

A) amino acid.
B) tRNA.
C) anticodon.
D) codon.
E) gene.

Question 48

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is True , except one. Identify the exception.

A) The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
B) The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production.
C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae.
D) The mitochondria do not require oxygen to produce ATP
E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

Question 49

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

A) ATC.
B) TAG.
C) UAG.
D) AUG.
E) AUC.

Question 50

mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) phospholipids
E) all of the above

Question 51

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

A) cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived.
B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
C) cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply.
D) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand.
E) some cells are older than others.

Question 52

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its

A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) nucleus.
E) nucleolus.

Question 53

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

A) chromosomes.
B) genes.
C) ribosomes.
D) codons.
E) RNA.

Question 54

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

A) nucleoplasm.
B) chromosomes.
C) histones.
D) nucleases.
E) mitochondria.

Question 55

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

A) cytoplasm.
B) gene.
C) codon.
D) anticodon.
E) polypeptide itself.

Question 56

In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

A) actin.
B) microvilli.
C) cytosol.
D) basal body.
E) matrix.

Question 57

Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.

A) RNA; carbohydrates
B) DNA; lipids
C) DNA; proteins
D) water; RNA
E) RNA; proteins

Question 58

Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because

A) mRNA can leave the nucleus.
B) mRNA cannot leave the nucleus.
C) DNA can leave the nucleus.
D) DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
E) mRNA can leave the nucleus, and DNA cannot leave the nucleus.

Question 59

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it

A) can repair itself readily.
B) is malformed.
C) can only divide once more.
D) will be a long-lived cell.
E) cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

Question 60

The control center for cellular operations is the

A) nucleus.
B) mitochondria.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) ribosome.

Question 61

Osmotic pressure

A) forces water to move toward the higher solute concentration.
B) forces water to move across a semipermeable membrane.
C) can be opposed by hydrostatic pressure.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 62

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) mitosis.
E) auscultation.

Question 63

If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur?

A) The blood osmotic pressure will increase.
B) The blood osmotic pressure will decrease.
C) The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same.
D) The blood hydrostatic pressure will increase.
E) The blood hydrostatic pressure will decrease.

Question 64

Red blood cell shrinkage is to ________ as cell bursting is to ________.

A) crenation; hemolysis
B) lysis; crenation
C) hypotonic; isotonic
D) isotonic; hypotonic
E) isotonic; hypertonic

Question 65

"Spikes" form on a blood cell when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) merotonic
E) homotonic

Question 66

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

A) channels formed by integral proteins.
B) peripheral proteins.
C) lipid channels.
D) peripheral carbohydrates.
E) defects in the lipid layer of the membrane.

Question 67

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

A) osmosis.
B) active transport.
C) diffusion.
D) facilitated transport.
E) filtration.

Question 68

Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation?

A) Water will continue to move from side 1 to side 2.
B) Water will continue to move from side 2 to side 1.
C) The hydrostatic pressure will be higher in side 1.
D) The hydrostatic pressure will be higher in side 2.
E) There is no way to tell what the situation will be.

Question 69

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following, except

A) hydrolysis of ATP.
B) the presence of the membrane channels.
C) the charge of the substance.
D) concentration gradient.
E) lipid solubility.

Question 70

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into

A) isotonic solution.
B) hypertonic solution.
C) hypotonic solution.
D) merotonic solution.
E) homotonic solution.

Question 71

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions.

A) potassium; calcium
B) sodium; calcium
C) potassium; sodium
D) sodium; potassium
E) calcium; sodium

Question 72

The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid.

A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) hypertonic
D) diffusion
E) toxic

Question 73

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) endocytosis.
E) exocytosis.

Question 74

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,

A) the cells will shrink.
B) the cells will swell.
C) the fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic.
D) the fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic.
E) the cells will not change.

Question 75

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

A) facilitated diffusion consumes no ATP.
B) facilitated diffusion moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
C) the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules.
D) facilitated diffusion never eliminates the concentration gradient.
E) the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules.

Question 76

Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances

A) more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood in the lungs.
B) more carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood in the lungs.
C) less carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood in the lungs.
D) less carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood in the lungs.
E) the amount of carbon dioxide diffusion will remain unchanged.

Question 77

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon. This molecule is called

A) DNA.
B) mRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) tRNA.
E) RER.

Question 78

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

A) merotonic.
B) hypertonic.
C) isotonic.
D) hypotonic.
E) homotonic.

Question 79

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

A) active transport.
B) passive transport.
C) facilitated transport.
D) osmosis.
E) diffusion.

Question 80

The principal cations in our body fluids are ________ and ________.

A) sodium; potassium
B) calcium; magnesium
C) sodium; calcium
D) chloride; bicarbonate
E) sodium; chloride