Question 1

Describe each of the three techniques researchers use when deciding whether a relationship exists between two variables.

Accepted Answer

Not answer

Question 2

What are five measures of association that are useful when interpreting bivariate statistics? Describe each one and also specify which level of data each one is applicable to.

Accepted Answer

Not answer

Question 3

Is a Type I or Type II error more likely if a 0.05 level is used? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Not answer

Question 4

Describe four ways a researcher can display information about univariate statistics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe four ways a researcher can display...

Question 5

Why is knowing the variability or dispersion of a variable as important as knowing its central tendency? How is variation measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is knowing the variability or dispersion...

Question 6

Describe,as simply as possible,what is meant by the statement &#34;It is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe,as simply as possible,what is meant by...

Question 7

A &#34;codebook&#34; is&#10;A)only used in existing statistics research.&#10;B)a document that tells the researcher where variables are located in the data file and what numbers go with what variable attributes.&#10;C)the set of instructions that tell interviewers or experimenters how to treat respondents or subjects.&#10;D)an unnecessary part of data analysis since computers were invented.&#10;E)a sheet of paper with a grid of 80 columns corresponding to data card columns,with rows representing an individual card.

Accepted Answer

A codebook is a document that provides information about the variables in a dataset, including their location in the data file and the attributes associated with each variable. It is a crucial tool for researchers who need to understand the contents of a dataset and analyze the data effectively. While codebooks are commonly used in statistics research, they can be helpful in many other fields that rely on data analysis, including social sciences, healthcare, and business.

Question 8

You discover that the years of marriage before a divorce for nine whites and nine nonwhites are as follows:Whites 12,1,8,9,10,17,3,6,6 Non-Whites 1,9,15,18,11,13,14,7,3

Which statement about this data is true?a.There is no difference in the range for the two groups.
B)The median years of marriage prior to divorce is three years longer for whites than nonwhites.
C)The mean years of marriage prior to divorce are the same for both groups.
D)On average,nonwhites stay married longer prior to divorce than whites.
E)The mode for the two groups is the same.

Accepted Answer

To compare the average years of marriage prior to divorce, we need to find the mean for both groups. For whites, the mean is (12+1+8+9+10+17+3+6+6)/9 = 8.33 years. For non-whites, the mean is (1+9+15+18+11+13+14+7+3)/9 = 11.11 years. Therefore, on average, non-whites stay married longer prior to divorce than whites.

Question 9

Explain how a researcher codes,enters,and cleans data so that it can be used for statistical analysis.What procedures are involved in each of these steps?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a researcher codes,enters,and cleans data...

Question 10

Calculate the mode for the following six shoe sizes: 9,10,10,8,12,11.&#10;A)8&#10;B)8.5&#10;C)9&#10;D)9.5&#10;E)10

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a set of data. In this case, the shoe size that appears most frequently is 10, so the mode is 10. Therefore, the best choice is E.

Question 11

An elementary school teacher has three classes.She finds the following mean and standard deviations for student IQ scores.

	Mean	Standard Deviation
Class #1	106	32
Class #2	104	9
Class #3	110	16

She knows she is most effective when the students all have similar IQ levels.Which class is she likely to be most effective with?a.Class #1 B)Class #2 C)Class #3 D)Classes #1 and #2 equally E)Classes #1 and #3 equally

Accepted Answer

The answer of An elementary school teacher has three classes.She...

Question 12

Discuss the concepts of control variables and trivariate tables.What are three limitations of trivariate tables?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the concepts of control variables and...

Question 13

A researcher wants to express the middle of a distribution of numbers whereby half the cases are higher and half the cases are lower than the middle value.What statistical measure should the researcher use?

A)Mean
B)Median
C)Mode
D)Standard deviation
E)Correlation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher wants to express the middle...

Question 14

Calculate the mean for the following six shoe sizes: 9,10,10,8,12,11.&#10;A)8&#10;B)8.5&#10;C)9&#10;D)9.5&#10;E)10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the mean for the following six...

Question 15

Calculate the median for the following six shoe sizes: 9,10,10,8,12,11.&#10;A)8&#10;B)8.5&#10;C)9&#10;D)9.5&#10;E)10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the median for the following six...

Question 16

What are two ways in which statistical relationships can be described? Provide an example for each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are two ways in which statistical...

Question 17

Which neighbourhood(s)has an income distribution resembling a normal curve?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has an income distribution resembling a...

Question 18

Which neighbourhood(s)has an income distribution resembling a skewed curve?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has an income distribution resembling a...

Question 19

Which neighbourhood(s)has the greatest differences in family income?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has the greatest differences in family...

Question 20

Describe each of the three measures of central tendency.What are the main differences between them? How are they affected by a normal versus a skewed distribution of data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe each of the three measures of...

Question 21

How many individuals with 17+ years of education engaged in a level of violence defined as medium?a.20&#10;B)180&#10;C)160&#10;D)55&#10;E)5

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many individuals with 17+ years of...

Question 22

Which neighbourhood(s)has the greatest variation in years of education?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has the greatest variation in years...

Question 23

Which neighbourhood(s)has the 50th percentile of education as a college education?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has the 50th percentile of education...

Question 24

If the true situation in the world is that there is no causal relationship,but a researcher states that there is a causal relationship,what error occurs?&#10;A)Type I&#10;B)Type II&#10;C)Falsely reject the null hypothesis&#10;D)Falsely accept the null hypothesis&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the true situation in the world...

Question 25

Which of the following research topics is an example of multivariate analysis?&#10;A)An analysis of the ages of all women who are corporate executives&#10;B)An analysis of the relationship between age,sex,and type of restaurant frequented in Saskatoon&#10;C)An analysis of the relationship between undergraduate majors and level of position held in a major corporation&#10;D)An analysis of the relationship between type of offense and length of prison sentence&#10;E)The relationship between socio-economic status and annual income

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following research topics is...

Question 26

Fatima Fashionista wears a size 2 blazer.She went to her favourite clothing store and found that the mean size of the store's stock of blazers is a size 10 with a standard deviation of 4 sizes.What is her z-score in the distribution of the store's blazers?

A)zero
B)1
C)2
D)-1.5
E)-2

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fatima Fashionista wears a size 2 blazer.She...

Question 27

Susan weighs 140 pounds.You learn that for the women in her sorority the mean weight is 130 pounds,the median is 125,the mode is 120,and the standard deviation is 10 pounds.What is Susan's z-score in the distribution weight in the sorority?

A)zero
B)1
C)2
D)1.5
E)-1

Accepted Answer

The answer of Susan weighs 140 pounds.You learn that for...

Question 28

Connie and Tom both received 75 percent on the social research methods final exam.The mean for all women who took the test was 80 percent and the median was 75 percent with a standard deviation of 5 percent.The mean and median for the men was 65 percent with a standard deviation of 10 percent.What is the z-score for Connie and Tom relative to those of their own sex?

A)Connie’s z-score is +1 and Tom’s is -2,so Connie did better.
B)Connie’s z-score is -1 and Tom’s is +1,so Tom did better.
C)Both Connie and Tom have the same z-score,1.
D)Connie’s z-score is 0 and Tom’s is +1,so he did worse.
E)Connie’s z-score is -2 and Tom’s is -1,so Tom did better.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Connie and Tom both received 75 percent...

Question 29

What type of relationship exists between level of violence and level of education?&#10;A)There is no relationship.&#10;B)There is a negative relationship.&#10;C)There is a positive relationship.&#10;D)There is a nonlinear relationship.&#10;E)There is a recursive relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of relationship exists between level...

Question 30

If the true situation in the world is that there is a causal relationship,but a researcher states that there is no causal relationship,what error occurs?&#10;A)Type I&#10;B)Type II&#10;C)Falsely reject the null hypothesis&#10;D)Falsely accept the null hypothesis&#10;E)B and D

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the true situation in the world...

Question 31

Which of the following tells how well a set of variables explains a dependent variable?&#10;A)Z-score&#10;B)Standard deviation&#10;C)Chi-square&#10;D)R-squared&#10;E)Gamma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following tells how well...

Question 32

Which neighbourhood(s)has a small number of very high income people and a greater proportion of families earning $26,000?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has a small number of very...

Question 33

What feature of experimental research allows it to demonstrate causality without control variables?&#10;A)Experimental researchers cannot demonstrate causality without control variables.&#10;B)Experimental researchers eliminate alternative explanations by choosing a research design that physically controls potential alternative explanations for results.&#10;C)Experimental researchers eliminate alternative explanations by testing temporal order and association.&#10;D)Experimental researchers can be assured causal relationships are not spurious because they use random sampling procedures.&#10;E)Experimental researchers make use of partials instead of control variables in order to demonstrate causality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What feature of experimental research allows it...

Question 34

What does it mean if someone tells you that they calculated a correlation of -0.75?&#10;A)There is a strong negative relationship between two ratio or interval level variables.&#10;B)There is statistical independence between the two variables.&#10;C)The variables that were used were measured at the nominal level and the relationship between them is strong.&#10;D)The researcher looked at two ordinal-level variables and found no relationship between them.&#10;E)The person made an error in calculation: correlations can never be negative numbers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean if someone tells...

Question 35

Which neighbourhood(s)has the highest number of families with the lowest incomes?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has the highest number of families...

Question 36

Among the violent offenders in the following table,what is the ratio of males to females? &#160;&#10;A)1 male to 1 female,or 1:1&#10;B)2 males to 3 females,or 2:3&#10;C)4 males to 1 female,or 4:1&#10;D)2 males to 1 female,or 2:1

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the violent offenders in the following...

Question 37

Your research assistant finds a positive relationship between mother's education and income at age 40.The relationship remained after controlling for the family's social class.This means that&#10;A)social class is really the causal variable.&#10;B)social class does not have an impact on the relationship.&#10;C)the original relationship is spurious.&#10;D)income is caused by neither the mother&#8217;s education level nor her social class.&#10;E)the mother&#8217;s education has no effect on her future income.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your research assistant finds a positive relationship...

Question 38

Which neighbourhood(s)has the smallest differences in family income?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neighbourhood(s)has the smallest differences in family...

Question 39

In which neighbourhood(s)do half the families have incomes of $28,000 or more?&#10;A)Glenbrook&#10;B)Meadowbrook&#10;C)Elmbrook&#10;D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook&#10;E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which neighbourhood(s)do half the families have...

Question 40

All the sales representatives at Acadia Insurance are female,and their mean annual salary is $60,000 with a standard deviation of $5000.All customer account managers are male and they have a mean salary of $80,000 with a standard deviation of $15,000.Heather knows she is one standard deviation above the mean of the sales representatives.She wants to transfer to become the first female customer account manager and will begin at her same salary.After she transfers,compared to the customer account managers her salary will be at what z-score?

A)-2
B)-1
C)0
D)+1
E)+2

Accepted Answer

The answer of All the sales representatives at Acadia Insurance...

Question 41

Define the following:code sheet

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:code sheet...

Question 42

Define the following:bar chart

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:bar chart...

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a multivariate statistic?&#10;A)Multiple regression&#10;B)Standard deviation&#10;C)Z-score&#10;D)Chi-square&#10;E)Age

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 44

Define the following:control variable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:control variable...

Question 45

Usually,when constructing a scattergram,the __________ goes on the X axis and the __________ goes on the Y axis.&#10;A)independent variable;dependent variable&#10;B)dependent variable;independent variable&#10;C)form;direction&#10;D)direction;form&#10;E)control variable;causal variable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Usually,when constructing a scattergram,the __________ goes on...

Question 46

Define the following:body of a table

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:body of a table...

Question 47

Which of the following cannot be learned from a scattergram?&#10;A)Form&#10;B)Intensity&#10;C)Direction&#10;D)Precision&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following cannot be learned...

Question 48

What do social scientific researchers call the process of checking the categories of all variables for impossible codes?&#10;A)Possible code cleaning&#10;B)Contingency cleaning&#10;C)Wild code checking&#10;D)A and B&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do social scientific researchers call the...

Question 49

Define the following:cell of a table

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:cell of a table...

Question 50

Define the following:bimodal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:bimodal...

Question 51

After administering a measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder to eight-hundred randomly sampled participants,Dr.Winkler calculated the mean GAD-scores for men and for women.Dr.Winkler found the mean GAD-score for men was higher than the mean-GAD score for women,but concluded that the difference between the two means was not statistically significant.What is the difference between the sample means tell us about the relationship between the mean GAD-scores of men and women in the population?

A)The mean GAD-score for men is higher than the mean GAD-score for women in the population
B)The mean GAD-score for women is higher than the mean GAD-score for men in the population
C)There is no difference between the mean GAD-score for men and the mean GAD-score for women in the population
D)The mean GAD-score for men is equal to or higher than the mean GAD-score for women in the population,but not lower
E)The difference in sample means tells us nothing about the difference in population means

Accepted Answer

The answer of After administering a measure for Generalized Anxiety...

Question 52

Define the following:codebook

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:codebook...

Question 53

Which of the following statements about the following numbers is true: 2,7,6,9,4,6,2,8?&#10;A)The median is a whole number&#10;B)The distribution is bimodal&#10;C)The mean is higher than half of the numbers in the distribution&#10;D)A and B&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about the...

Question 54

Define the following:contingency cleaning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:contingency cleaning...

Question 55

Which measure of association can never take a negative value?&#10;A)Lambda&#10;B)Gamma&#10;C)Tau&#10;D)Rho&#10;E)Chi-square

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which measure of association can never take...

Question 56

Define the following:correlation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:correlation...

Question 57

Professor Quincy Quacker found a statistically significant relationship between variable X and variable Y.It is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.What does this mean?&#10;A)There are 95 chances in 100 that the results are true.&#10;B)There is a 5 percent chance that the results are true.&#10;C)If 100 samples were drawn,results like these could be obtained by pure random chance 10 percent of the time.&#10;D)A person could be 95 percent sure that the results of the study were a reflection of the population if random sampling was used.&#10;E)A and D.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor Quincy Quacker found a statistically significant...

Question 58

Define the following:contingency table

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:contingency table...

Question 59

What should you see in a scattergram if the bivariate relationship depicted in the scattergram is characterized by a high level of precision?&#10;A)Data points widely spread around the line&#10;B)Data points hugging the line&#10;C)A low number of data points&#10;D)A high number of data points&#10;E)A curved line

Accepted Answer

The answer of What should you see in a scattergram...

Question 60

Define the following:bivariate statistics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:bivariate statistics...

Question 61

Define the following:partials

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:partials...

Question 62

Define the following:normal distribution

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:normal distribution...

Question 63

Define the following:percentile

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:percentile...

Question 64

Define the following:marginals

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following:marginals...

Deck 11: Analysis of Quantitative Data