Deck 9: An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Question 1

The science of classification is generally known as

A) nomenclature
B) taxonomy
C) morphology
D) dichotomy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The five kingdom system of classification was set up by

A) Charles Darwin
B) Robert Hooke
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Whittaker

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are organisms in the same ________.

A) phylum, genus
B) class, order
C) family, phylum
D) phylum, order

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following levels of classification would contain the greatest number of organisms?

A) phylum
B) order
C) genus
D) class

Question 5

Classification is necessary to

A) establish criteria for identifying organisms
B) arrange related organisms into groups
C) provide information on how organisms evolved
D) all of the above

Question 6

All of the following are considered eukaryotes except

A) Archea
B) Fungi
C) Protozoa
D) Humans

Question 7

A strain is a subgroup of a

A) phylum
B) class
C) family
D) species

Question 8

Organisms are generally classified according to

A) cell size
B) evolutionary relationships
C) colony color
D) alphabetically

Question 9

The binomial name of a microbe is composed of its

A) kingdom and genus names
B) genus name and a species modifier
C) family and class names
D) genus and species names

Question 10

Which one of the following is a prokaryote without a cell wall?

A) virus
B) cyanobacterium
C) mycoplasma
D) rickettsia

Question 11

Which one of the following microorganisms has its own kingdom in the five-kingdom classification?

A) viruses
B) algae
C) protozoa
D) fungi

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason that bacteria cannot be classified in the same way as animals?

A) some bacteria are not motile
B) bacteria don't reproduce sexually
C) bacteria are single celled organisms
D) bacteria are prokaryotic organisms

Question 13

Which one of the following microorganisms was once called blue-green algae?

A) mycoplasmas
B) cyanobacteria
C) chlamydiae
D) rickettsia

Question 14

Binomial nomenclature was originated by

A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Hans Delbruck
D) Carolus Linnaeus

Question 15

A tool used by biologists that involves asking a series of "either-or" questions which eventually leads to the identification of an organism is a

A) species key
B) evolutionary tree
C) dichotomous key
D) binary chart

Question 16

Which of the following organisms shows the proper use of binomial nomenclature?

A) Escherichia Coli
B) Escherichia coli
C) escherichia coli

Question 17

In the name Escherichia coli,Escherichia refers to the ________ of the bacteria.

A) class
B) phylum
C) species
D) genus

Question 18

Which of the following questions would not be a good choice for a dichotomous key?

A) Are the cells rod shaped?
B) Are the cells Gram negative?
C) Do the cells ferment glucose?
D) Where is the cell usually found?

Question 19

A bacterial strain contains

A) several species
B) several families
C) a subgroup of a species with some of the same characteristics
D) a subgroup of a genus which has permanent genetic differences

Question 20

The correct order of taxonomic hierarchies (from most broad to most specific)is

A) class, order, family, phylum
B) order, family, class, phylum
C) phylum, class, order, family
D) phylum, class, family, order

Question 21

All members of the Kingdom Monera are

A) cyanobacteria
B) prokaryotes
C) fungi
D) protists

Question 22

The Kingdom Monera is also known as the Kingdom

A) Bacteria
B) Eubacteria
C) Prokaryotae
D) Archaeobacteria

Question 23

Which groups of animals are not usually of concern to the microbiologist?

A) ticks
B) tapeworms
C) fleas
D) moth

Question 24

The three domain system of classification does not include the

A) archaea
B) eukarya
C) monerya
D) bacteria

Question 25

According to the three domain classification system an organism with cells measuring more than 10 micrometers across would most likely belong to the

A) eukarya
B) bacteria
C) archaea
D) eukarya, bacteria and archaea would be equally likely

Question 26

Which of the following characteristics is not found in all living organisms?

A) cells that are bounded by a membrane
B) genetic information carried in the form of DNA
C) ability to convert light energy to chemical energy
D) ribosomes that produce proteins

Question 27

A eukaryotic,unicellular organism with no cell wall would be classified as a

A) Monera
B) Animal
C) Fungi
D) Protista

Question 28

According to the three domain classification system an organism with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan would belong to the

A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) none of the above

Question 29

Within the Kingdom Monera,the group of most interest to medical microbiologists is the

A) cyanobacteria
B) eubacteria
C) archaeobacteria
D) prokaryotic bacteria

Question 30

Which Kingdom includes all animals derived from zygotes?

A) Fungi
B) Plantae
C) Animalia
D) Protista

Question 31

Bacteria found in extreme environments (high heat,very high salt concentration)would best be described as a member of the

A) eubacteria
B) prokaryotae
C) cyanobacteria
D) archaeobacteria

Question 32

Fungi can be differentiated from plants by the fact that

A) fungi are all unicellular, plants are all multicellular
B) fungi do not have a cell wall, plants have a cell wall
C) fungi cannot photosynthesize, plants can photosynthesize
D) fungi are prokaryotic, plants are eukaryotic

Question 33

Fossil studies indicate that life on earth first arose about 4 billion years ago. How many billion years ago did multicellular living organisms appear in the fossil record?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 34

In the five Kingdom scheme of classification,Algae are classified in the Kingdom

A) Monera
B) Protista
C) Plant
D) Fungi

Question 35

Before bacteria received a kingdom of their own they were generally classified along with

A) plants
B) animals
C) fungi
D) viruses

Question 36

In the five kingdom system of classification

A) viruses can't be classified
B) all prokaryotic organisms are found in the kingdom eubacteria
C) all organisms that can photosynthesize are found in the plant kingdom
D) a domain is a division of a kingdom

Question 37

A prokaryotic cell would be assigned to which of the taxonomic Kingdoms

A) Monera
B) Animalia
C) Fungi
D) Protista

Question 38

According to the three domain classification system,modern plants and animals belong to what Domain?

A) bacteria
B) eukarya
C) archaea
D) none of the above

Question 39

A eukaryotic,multicellular organism that has no cell wall would be classified as a

A) Monera
B) Animal
C) Fungi
D) Protista

Question 40

The two Kingdom system of classification divided all organisms into either ________ or ________.

A) animals, bacteria
B) plants, animals
C) eukaryotic, prokaryotic
D) motile, nonmotile

Question 41

A useful technique for comparing different bacterial species based on if they are susceptible to infection by the same virus is called

A) protein profile
B) virus profile
C) phage typing
D) serology

Question 42

Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae are unusual in that they

A) are sometimes gram negative and sometimes gram positive
B) have no cell walls
C) must live inside other living cells
D) are extremely large

Question 43

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is used to separate

A) DNA by GC content
B) proteins by size
C) DNA by nucleotide sequence
D) proteins by amino acid sequence

Question 44

The 16S ribosomal subunit is used to study evolutionary relatedness because

A) it is the easiest type of RNA to sequence
B) ribosomes have evolved very slowly
C) ribosomes evolve very quickly so differences are easy to spot
D) none of the above

Question 45

In phage typing,bacteria that are lysed by the same type of bacteriophage are thought to be

A) more closely related to one another
B) less closely related to one another
C) more closely related to the bacteriophage
D) less closely related to the bacteriophage

Question 46

In DNA hybridization experiments,DNA from two closely related organisms will show

A) very little annealing
B) a high percentage of annealing
C) 100% annealing
D) it is impossible to tell

Question 47

How do lateral gene transfer and symbiosis complicate both the three domain and five kingdom treelike structure? Where do viruses,viroids and prions fit in today's taxonomy? Are they classified based on phylogeny or morphology?

Question 48

Organisms that degrade organic molecules to methane belong to the domain

A) archaea
B) eukarya
C) bacteria
D) moreara

Question 49

If an organism contains 13% adenine in its DNA,its GC content is

A) 13%
B) 26%
C) 74%
D) 37%

Question 50

In a bacterial species with multiple chromosomes

A) having one or two chromosomes has no evolutionary impact
B) it is very simple to distinguish between a chromosome and plasmid purely based on size
C) there is evidence for spindles that insure all the daughter cells get one of each chromosome
D) duplicate genes that differ by mutations classify the organism as diploid

Question 51

To classify new microbes,modern genetic techniques are employed. Why would the evolutionary relatedness of genes (genetic homology)be more useful than morphology? How are ribosomal RNAs used to study evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Question 52

Viruses are not assigned to any Kingdom because

A) there are too few viruses to bother
B) viruses are not alive
C) virology is not a recognized branch of microbiology
D) none of the above, viruses are grouped with the bacteria

Question 53

In the three domain classification system

A) all prokaryotes are grouped into the same domain
B) eukaryotes are found in two of the domains
C) archea may be more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria
D) two of the above

Question 54

What is a species? How are species determined for bacteria and plants/animals? Discuss whether you believe that the species concept is better than identifying microbes based on their ecological niche (habitat,functions,etc.)or based on phylogenetic/evolutionary relationships.

Question 55

Genetic homology determines evolutionary relationships among organisms based on

A) the similarity of ribosomal RNA between species
B) the similarity of DNA between species
C) morphological similarities between species
D) the number of traits shared by two organisms

Question 56

Which of the following criteria is not commonly used to classify bacteria?

A) morphology
B) shape of ribosomes
C) staining characteristics
D) biochemical characteristics