Deck 11: Programming

Question 1

Programmers insert documentation called facts into the program code.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Third-generation languages added a level of abstraction to machine languages by substituting abbreviated command words for the strings of 1s and 0s used in machine languages.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Structured English is a subset of the English language with a limited selection of sentence structures that reflect processing activities.​

Question 5

A low-level language uses command words and grammar based on human languages.​

Question 6

Algorithms are usually written in a format that is specific to a particular programming language.​

Question 7

Agile methodologies tend to be used for large software development projects involving more than ten developers, geographically dispersed development teams, and life-critical applications.​

Question 8

A simple example of a repetition control structure is the if...else command.​

Question 9

The core of a computer program is a sequence of instructions.

Question 10

Another way to express an algorithm is with pseudocode.​

Question 11

An important characteristic of third-generation programming languages is that the source code can be written with simple tools, such as a word processor, and this code can be easily understood by programmers.​

Question 12

An API is a set of application or operating system functions that programmers can add to the programs they create.​

Question 13

Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 14

Prolog and other declarative languages were classified as fifth-generation languages.​

Question 15

When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s, they were dubbed second-generation languages because they seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.​

Question 16

A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm is called a declarative language.​

Question 17

The process of planning a computer program begins with a problem statement that clearly define the program's purpose.​

Question 18

Some software engineering activities overlap with the systems analysis and design activities​

Question 19

you can specify the actual solution in the problem statement.​

Question 20

Microprocessors only understand machine language, so there has to be some way to convert assembly language instructions into 1s and 0s.​

Question 21

When taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution.​

Question 22

A(n) _________ provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than typing lines of code.​

A) ​repetition control structure
B) ​interprete
C) ​VDE
D) superclass​

Question 23

The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.​

Question 24

The declarative paradigm is fundamentally quite similar to the procedural paradigm.​

Question 25

____________ encompasses a broad set of activities that include planning, coding, testing, and documenting while a related activity, __________, is a development process that uses mathematical, engineering, and management techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability.​

A) ​Software engineering, computer programming
B) ​Computer programming, software engineering
C) ​Application programming, systems programming
D) ​Systems programming, application programming

Question 26

Prolog programming is all about facts and rules.​

Question 27

The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​

Question 28

Declarative languages are commonly used for production applications.​

Question 29

Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact.​

Question 30

The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as __________.​

A) ​code
B) ​control
C) encapsulation​
D) ​function

Question 31

​A(n) __________ is a factor that remains the same throughout a program.

A) ​algorithm
B) ​variable
C) ​object
D) ​constant

Question 32

programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data​

Question 33

In a problem statement, you can limit complexity by making ____________.​

A) ​objects
B) ​variables
C) ​constants
D) ​assumptions

Question 34

The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.​

A) ​known information
B) ​assumption
C) algorithm​
D) ​predicate

Question 35

As a general rule, declarative programming languages are most suitable for problems that pertain to words and concepts rather than to numbers.​

Question 36

Procedural languages encourage programmers to approach problems by breaking the solution down to a series of steps.​

Question 37

The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.​

Question 38

​A subclass is any class that inherits attributes from a superclass

Question 39

In Prolog, facts can have no more than two arguments.​

Question 40

​Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement?

A) ​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem.
B) ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.
C) ​It clearly specifies the known information.
D) ​It specifies when the problem has been solved.

Question 41

A(n) ___________ converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called ________, is placed in a new file.​

A) ​constant, variable
B) object code, compiler​
C) ​compiler, object code
D) ​interpreter, compiler

Question 42

A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.​

A) ​function
B) ​goto
C) ​method
D) ​iteration

Question 43

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.​

A) ​paradigm
B) ​flowchart
C) ​pseudocode
D) ​VDE

Question 44

A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family.​

A) ​flow control
B) ​abstraction
C) ​syntax
D) ​iteration

Question 45

What is the term that refers to the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions?​

A) ​control structure
B) ​Flow control
C) ​walkthrough
D) ​none of the above

Question 46

Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?​

A) ​Prolog
B) Pythod​
C) ​Java
D) ​Javascript

Question 47

Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?​

A) ​Declarative
B) Procedural​
C) ​Object-Oriented
D) ​Predictive

Question 48

The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that interact with each other.​

A) ​declarative
B) ​object-oriented
C) ​procedural
D) ​none of the above

Question 49

A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________ can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.​

A) ​public attribute, class attribute
B) ​private attribute, class attribute
C) ​public attribute, private attribute
D) ​class attribute, public attribute

Question 50

__________-generation languages, such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and scientific applications.​

A) ​First
B) ​Second
C) ​Third
D) ​Fourth

Question 51

In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which more closely= resembled human languages.​

A) ​second
B) ​third
C) fourth​
D) ​none of the above

Question 52

Which of the following is a scripting language?​

A) ​Ruby
B) ​Perl
C) ​PHP
D) ​all of the above

Question 53

In a repetition control structure, the computer is directed to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met. The section of code that repeats is usually referred to as a(n) ___________.​

A) ​algorithm
B) ​compiler
C) ​iteration
D) ​rule

Question 54

A(n) _____________ changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​

A) ​sequential execution
B) ​formal method
C) ​programming paradigm
D) ​sequence control structure

Question 55

A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.​

A) sequence control structure​
B) ​selection control structure
C) ​repetition control structure
D) ​walkthrough

Question 56

_______________, such as BASIC, Python, Java, Prolog, and C++, make the programming process easier by replacing unintelligible strings of 1s and 0s or cryptic assembly commands with understandable commands, such as PRINT and WRITE.​

A) ​Low-level languages
B) ​High-level languages
C) ​First generation languages
D) ​Multiparadigm languages

Question 57

A(n) ____________ for a computer program is a set of steps that explains how to begin with known information specified in a problem statement and how to manipulate that information to arrive at a solution.​

A) ​control
B) ​algorithm
C) ​syntax
D) ​parameter

Question 58

Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​

A) ​Prolog
B) COBOL​
C) ​C++
D) ​Objective C

Question 59

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called __________.​

A) ​source code
B) op code​
C) ​object code
D) structured English​

Question 60

A(n) _____________ defines the characteristics of a set of objects.​

A) ​class attribute
B) ​control structure
C) ​function
D) ​method

Question 61

_________________ refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their methods.​

A) ​Abstraction
B) ​Encapsulation
C) ​Assumption
D) ​Polymorphism

Question 62

Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.​

A) ​instantiation
B) ​abstraction
C) ​argument
D) ​inheritance

Question 63

In the context of programming, a problem ____________ defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal.​

Question 64

In a programming language, a(n) ______, or command, is a word with a predefined meaning​

Question 65

Regarding OO programming, which of the following terms best matches with the term "method"?​

A) ​algorithm
B) ​pseudocode
C) ​syntax
D) ​main()

Question 66

In a problem statement, a(n) ____________ is something you accept as true in order to proceed with program planning.​

Question 67

___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​

A) ​Polymorphism
B) ​Inheritance
C) ​Encapsulation
D) ​Abstraction

Question 68

Keywords can be combined with specific ____________, which provide more detailed instructions for the computer to carry out.​

Question 69

In a problem statement, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.​

Question 70

Within the agile development framework, the process of developing each iteration of a program is called a(n) _________.​

Question 71

The _______________ paradigm describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.​​

A) ​procedural
B) declarative​
C) object-oriented​
D) ​none of the above

Question 72

A(n) _________ methodology focuses on flexible development and specifications that evolve as a project progresses.​

Question 73

In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .​

A) ​argument, predicates
B) ​predicate, rules
C) ​rule, arguments
D) ​predicate, arguments

Question 74

In the context of Prolog programming, a(n) ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.​​

A) ​selection control structure
B) ​decision table
C) ​formal method
D) ​storyboard

Question 75

​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods.

A) ​COBOL
B) ​SIMULA
C) ​Python
D) ​Java

Question 76

_____________ programmers create productivity applications such as Microsoft Office, as well as enterprise applications such as CRM and ERP.​

Question 77

____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 78

Programmers sometimes start with a set of _____________ that simplify a problem.​

Question 79

Prolog allows you to ask open-ended questions by replacing constants with __________.​

A) ​parameters
B) variables​
C) ​functions
D) ​rules

Question 80

A computer _____________ is a set of step-by-step instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task.​