Deck 4: Values,Attitudes,and Work Behaviour

Question 1

In a collective culture

A)it may be a good idea to reward groups rather than individuals.
B)power distance tends to be low.
C)privacy and personal initiatives are stressed.
D)loyalty to one's family or clan are downplayed.
E)interdependence is minimized.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What are Gen X and Y more inclined to value than boomers?

A)Money, challenge, and rapid career growth
B)Money, flexibility, and status
C)Flexibility, status, and rapid career growth
D)Money, flexibility, and rapid career growth
E)Money, status, and rapid career growth

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is an accurate description of how Gen Ys and Xers differ from Boomers?

A)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
B)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
C)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.
D)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure less, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
E)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure less, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more

A)collective cultures.
B)masculine cultures.
C)power distance cultures.
D)distant countries.
E)distant cultures.

Question 5

In Geert Hofstede's survey of values across cultures,individualistic societies can be contrasted most readily with ________ societies.

A)low power distance
B)collective
C)masculine
D)weak uncertainty avoidance
E)feminine

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning values is FALSE?

A)Values are randomly distributed across the population.
B)Members of different occupational groups tend to hold different values.
C)Value differences may be responsible for conflict between people from different occupational groups.
D)Values are relatively stable.
E)Values are learned through reinforcement processes.

Question 7

In general,greater cultural distance

A)impedes communication.
B)impedes decision making.
C)impedes employee performance.
D)impedes problem solving.
E)impedes employee development.

Question 8

Cultural intelligence refers to

A)the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.
B)the capability to understand differences between cultures.
C)the capability to understand the difference between one's own culture and other cultures.
D)the capability for organizations to work in different cultures.
E)the capability to understand how organizations function in different cultures.

Question 9

The capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments is known as

A)cultural astuteness.
B)cultural intelligence.
C)cultural ability.
D)cultural capacity.
E)cultural mobility.

Question 10

In which of the following is work viewed as most important and central in life?

A)Germany
B)The United States
C)Britain
D)Japan
E)The Netherlands

Question 11

According to Geert Hofstede's large survey,the United States is one of the most collective societies.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of power distance is FALSE?

A)High power distance cultures tend to also be individualistic, rather than collective, cultures.
B)Superiors tend to be accessible in low power distance cultures.
C)In high power distance cultures the unequal distribution of power is acceptable to members of the culture.
D)Denmark has lower power distance than Mexico.
E)Japan has higher power distance than Canada.

Question 13

Mika has just interviewed a job applicant for a position in her organization.She asked the applicant what the most important thing to him/her was.The answer was money.What can we conclude about the job applicant?

A)The applicant is a baby boomer.
B)The applicant is a traditionalist.
C)The applicant is a boomer or Gen X.
D)The applicant is a Gen X or Gen Y.
E)The applicant is a boomer or Gen Y.

Question 14

A large scale survey of values has shown that Americans rank slightly above the Japanese in the extent to which work is a central life interest.

Question 15

Which of the following makes negotiations,mergers,acquisitions,and joint ventures more difficult?

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)cultural deviance
D)cultural distance
E)generational distance

Question 16

What does cultural distance refer to?

A)the extent to which cultures differ in beliefs
B)the extent to which cultures differ in attitudes
C)the extent to which cultures differ in work centrality
D)the extent to which cultures differ in values
E)the extent to which cultures differ in geography

Question 17

According to Geert Hofstede's research,the most individualistic culture is that of

A)Venezuela.
B)Japan.
C)the United States.
D)Colombia.
E)Pakistan.

Question 18

Cultural intelligence encompasses

A)knowledge, skills, and abilities.
B)knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
C)knowledge, motivation, and attitudes.
D)knowledge, motivation, and behaviour.
E)knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour.

Question 19

According to Geert Hofstede's research,the most masculine culture is that of

A)Norway.
B)the United States.
C)Japan.
D)Sweden.
E)Canada.

Question 20

According to Geert Hofstede's large survey,Japan is the most masculine society.

Question 21

Cultural distance can make negotiations,mergers,acquisitions,and joint ventures more likely.

Question 22

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more distant cultures.

Question 23

All work generations share the same values but express them differently.

Question 24

Cultural distance has to do with exporting OB theories while cultural intelligence has to do with importing OB theories.

Question 25

More collective cultures tend to de-emphasize differences in power among their members.

Question 26

Generation Y is also known as the Millennials.

Question 27

Theories of organizational behaviour,such as motivation,are easily transferred to all other cultures.

Question 28

Baby boomers are more accepting of diversity than the other generations.

Question 29

Cultural distance refers to the extent to which cultures differ in work centrality.

Question 30

In general,cultural distance impedes communication.

Question 31

Gen Y is more inclined to value money,status,and rapid career growth than are Gen Xers and boomers.

Question 32

In an individualistic culture,distributing rewards according to equity principles rather than equality principles seems like a sensible strategy.

Question 33

Cultural intelligence refers to the capability to understand the differences between one's own culture and other cultures.

Question 34

Values are a product of beliefs and attitudes.

Question 35

Most research points to more similarities than differences in values across generations.

Question 36

Values usually change greatly from day to day.

Question 37

Gen Ys and Xers compared to Boomers,see work as less central,value leisure more,and are more inclined towards work-life balance.

Question 38

In societies characterized by high power distance,organizations would tend to emphasize differences in rank and position.

Question 39

Generation X is also known as the Millennials.

Question 40

In general,baby boomers are seen as more accepting of diversity compared to other generations.

Question 41

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge,________,and behaviour.

Question 42

Quality circles,total quality management,and just-in-time production are examples of ________ management techniques.

Question 43

People with high cultural intelligence score high on intercultural adjustment,________ leadership,and performance in intercultural settings.

Question 44

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural research,Venezuela,Colombia,and Pakistan exhibited highly ________ cultures that favoured interdependence over individualism.

Question 45

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge,motivation,and performance.

Question 46

The requirement to express positive emotions,especially when you really are feeling positive,boosts job satisfaction and reduces stress.

Question 47

Popular literature contains many generational stereotypes.For example,Generation Y are portrayed as being confident,social,demanding of feedback but somewhat ________.

Question 48

Expatriates working abroad will generally find it more difficult to adjust to more distant ________.

Question 49

Cultural ________ is the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.

Question 50

In general,cultural distance impedes ________.

Question 51

Cultural intelligence refers to the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.

Question 52

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural terminology,a high degree of participation in work decisions might not be preferred in high ________ societies.

Question 53

________ dictate a broad preference for certain states of affairs over others.

Question 54

The requirement to express positive emotions,especially when you really are feeling positive,boosts job satisfaction and reduces absenteeism.

Question 55

Cultural ________ refers to the extent to which cultures differ in values.

Question 56

Cultural intelligence encompasses knowledge,motivation,and behaviour.

Question 57

In Geert Hofstede's cross-cultural research ________ was the country that exhibited the most masculine of cultures.

Question 58

People with high cultural intelligence tend to score high on intercultural adjustment,global leadership,and performance in intercultural settings.

Question 59

The study on generational values conducted by the Center for Creative Leadership concluded that all generations share the same values but ________.

Question 60

Cultural distance makes negotiations,mergers,acquisitions,and joint ventures more ________.

Question 61

Describe different generations in the workplace and how they differ in values.

Question 62

Discuss the implications of cultural variation in values for organizational behaviour.

Question 63

The ________ theory portrays job satisfaction as the difference between desired and received job outcomes.

Question 64

________ fairness is determined by the processes used to allocate rewards and resources.

Question 65

A fairly evaluative tendency to respond consistently to some specific object,situation,person,or category of people is called a(n)________.

Question 66

Beliefs are made up of values and attitudes.

Question 67

Explain the difference between values,beliefs,and attitudes.How are they linked to behaviour? Give a hypothetical example of how a value,belief,and attitude may lead an individual to quit their job.

Question 68

Hofstede identified four basic dimensions along which work-related values differ across cultures.Describe all four dimensions and indicate how Canada ranks on each.

Question 69

________ fairness is a function of the actual amount of work rewards or resources received.

Question 70

When is behaviour most likely to correspond to attitudes?

A)When people have held the attitude for a long time and the attitude is held confidently
B)When people have held the attitude for a long time and the attitude is held in different situations
C)When people have direct experience with the target of the attitude and the attitude is held confidently
D)When people have direct experience with the target of the attitude and the attitude is held in different situations
E)When people have direct experience with the type of attitude and the attitude is held in different situations

Question 71

Emotional labour is an informal term for emotional contagion.

Question 72

What is cultural distance and why should organizations be concerned about it? What are the benefits of being exposed to distant cultures?

Question 73

Which of the following equations is accurate?

A)Attitude + value = belief.
B)Belief + value = attitude.
C)Attitude + belief = value.
D)Input + outcome = equity.
E)Belief + behaviour = attitude.

Question 74

A fairly stable evaluative tendency to respond consistently to some specific object,situation,person,or category of people is called a(n)

A)belief.
B)value.
C)attitude.
D)facet.
E)cognitive dissonance.

Question 75

Emotional labour is an informal term for

A)emotional contagion.
B)emotionally challenging work.
C)emotional regulation.
D)emotional work conditions.
E)emotional dispositions.

Question 76

The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire measures attitudes.

Question 77

Although one's behaviour is not necessarily consistent with attitude,behaviour is most likely to correspond to attitude when one has a direct experience with the target of the attitude and

A)the target person is about to be fired from their position.
B)the target person is of a lower organizational rank.
C)the attitude is held confidently.
D)the attitude is socially acceptable.
E)All of the above

Question 78

People who experience interactional unfairness are more likely to be dissatisfied with their co-workers.

Question 79

What is cultural intelligence and what does it encompass? What are its benefits?

Question 80

Attitudes are a function of

A)what we think and what we see.
B)what we do and what we want.
C)what we think and what we feel.
D)what we obtain and what we want.
E)what we feel and intend to do.