Deck 1: Introduction and Methods of Research

Question 1

An abnormal behavior pattern that is associated with states of intense emotional distress or an impaired ability to function is a(n) ______.

A) abreaction
B) reaction formation
C) perceptual set
D) psychological disorder

Answer 1

psychological disorder

Question 2

Thomas, the young man with paranoid schizophrenia and major depression, experienced severe symptoms until he ______.

A) received two months of treatment in the psychiatric hospital
B) found the correct medication
C) underwent electroconvulsive therapy
D) was given a prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 2

found the correct medication

Question 3

Abnormal psychology deals chiefly with ______.

A) diseases
B) traits
C) abnormal behaviors
D) problems of immaturity

Answer 3

abnormal behaviors

Question 4

Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal?

A) feeling anxious in anticipation of an important job interview
B) feeling sad after failing a test
C) feeling panic whenever entering a department store
D) feeling depressed about losing a loved one

Question 5

______ societies have norms or standards that define the kinds of behavior acceptable in given contexts.

A) Very few
B) Around 1/3 of
C) Around 2/3
D) All

Question 6

The Surgeon General's report states that treatment for mental disorders ? is most effective when

A) pharmacological treatment is monitored weekly by a health care professional.
B) psychological and pharmacological treatments are combined.
C) the social and financial needs of the individual are addressed prior to treatment.
D) clinicians serving an individual are from the same ethnic group.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the unusualness criteria for determining abnormality is correct?

A) It is the only criteria used to determine abnormality
B) It is the best criteria for determining abnormality
C) Statistical deviance or rarity is sufficient to judge abnormality
D) Just because a behavior is unusual does not necessarily mean that it is considered abnormal.

Question 8

In "Cowering Under the Covers," the woman with bipolar disorder reports that when she goes beyond the stage of feeling exhilaration, she _________.

A) becomes manic
B) experiences calm
C) develops suicidal thoughts
D) argues with her husband

Question 9

The term mental disorder is derived from which of the following models?

A) epigenetic
B) sociological
C) medical
D) psychological

Question 10

About one in ______ adult Americans experiences a diagnosable mental illness in a given year.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 11

Which emotional concern has developed in the police photographer who described his crime scene experiences?

A) anger
B) sadness
C) fear
D) loneliness

Question 12

The authors of your text prefer to use the term "psychological disorder" rather than "mental disorder" because___________.

A) the term "psychological disorder" puts the study of abnormal behavior squarely within the purview of the field of psychology.
B) the term psychological disorder carries less of a stigma.
C) the term psychological disorder implies that behavioral change is possible whereas mental disorder suggests a less malleable condition.
D) the term "mental disorder" implies some type of serious illness, whereas the term "psychological disorder" does not

Question 13

The ______ model considers abnormal behavior patterns to be symptoms of underlying illness.

A) biogenic
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) medical

Question 14

The authors use the report of the ______ as a backdrop for this text's study of abnormal behavior.

A) World Health Organization
B) Surgeon General
C) Secretary of Health and Human Services
D) President's Commission on Mental Health

Question 15

Who is affected by abnormal behavior?

A) Only those who are mentally ill themselves
B) Only those who are related to individuals with a mental illness
C) Only those who work with individuals with a mental illness
D) Virtually everyone

Question 16

According to the 1999 Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, what percentage of American adults receives some form of help for mental health problems each year?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 17

According to the World Health Organization, which of the 17 countries surveyed had the highest rates of diagnosable psychological disorders?

A) France
B) United States
C) Haiti
D) Latvia

Question 18

Nearly one in ______ Americans is directly affected by a diagnosable mental illness at some point in their lives.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 19

The branch of psychology that deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns is ______ psychology.

A) abnormal
B) social
C) evolutionary
D) developmental

Question 20

What is the view about the medical model stated by the authors of your text?

A) It is not currently a prominent model for understanding abnormal behavior.
B) It puts the study of abnormal behavior directly in the purview of the field of psychology.
C) It provides terms such as "symptom" and "disease" which will be emphasized in the text.
D) It is a major contemporary model, but psychological and sociocultural perspectives also warrant consideration.

Question 21

In our culture, models based on ______ have achieved prominence in explaining abnormal behavior.

A) spiritual corruption
B) demonology
C) medical disease
D) anthropomorphism

Question 22

Compared to the United States, the rates of schizophrenia in countries such as Colombia India, Denmark, Nigeria, and the former Soviet Union are_______.

A) lower
B) about the same
C) higher
D) lower for women and higher for men

Question 23

Which of the following is one of the criteria for determining abnormal behavior as presented in the text?

A) The behavior is time consuming.
B) The behavior is selfish.
C) The behavior results in loss of income.
D) The behavior is socially unacceptable.

Question 24

Abigail is suffering from a combination of chronic anxiety and depression, and these conditions cause her to experience many troublesome emotions. Which criterion of abnormal behavior most closely matches her symptoms?

A) significant personal distress
B) self-defeating behavior
C) unusual behavior
D) faulty perception of reality

Question 25

In a number of African cultures, anxiety is expressed as ______.

A) fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft
B) trancelike states
C) physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness
D) feelings of guilt or sadness

Question 26

Archibald has recurring delusions that he is the King of England. He also hallucinates that the Queen of England sits next to him and he talks to her throughout the day. Which criterion of
Abnormal behavior most closely reflects his behavior?

A) significant personal distress
B) self-defeating behavior
C) socially unacceptable behavior
D) faulty perception of reality

Question 27

Kathy has recurring visions of demons chasing her around her house. She also hears them telling her, "We have come for you!" She is experiencing ______.

A) delusions
B) compulsions
C) hallucinations
D) obsessions

Question 28

Native Americans often seek help for "White Man's Illness" (e.g., alcoholism) through ______.

A) "White Man's Medicine"
B) native women healer's
C) shamans
D) medicine men

Question 29

In ______folk society, psychological problems are often attributed to the influence of "spirits" or the possession of a "weak soul."

A) Malaysian
B) Kurdish
C) Nigerian
D) Filipino

Question 30

Among Native Americans, hearing the voices of recently deceased loved ones is considered ______.

A) normal
B) abnormal
C) unusual but not abnormal
D) a hallucination due to extreme grief

Question 31

Seeing things and hearing voices that are not present are considered ______.

A) delusions
B) compulsions
C) hallucinations
D) obsessions

Question 32

Megan has an intense fear of being stuck in an elevator or a similar enclosed place. Her fears are best described as ______.

A) claustrophobia
B) delusions
C) agoraphobia
D) ideas of persecution

Question 33

Which criterion of abnormal behavior most closely matches a college student who must withdraw due to alcoholism?

A) faulty perception of reality
B) maladaptive or self-defeating behavior
C) unusual behavior
D) socially unacceptable behavior

Question 34

Unfounded ideas, or false beliefs which have no basis in fact, are considered ______.

A) delusions
B) compulsions
C) hallucinations
D) obsessions

Question 35

Traditional native cultures attribute most mental illnesses to ______.

A) supernatural causes
B) poor child-rearing practices
C) immorality
D) psychic abilities

Question 36

Which statement is true about the view of homosexuality as abnormal?

A) Until the mid-1970s, homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder by the psychiatric profession.
B) After World War I, homosexuality was not viewed as a mental disorder in the United States but it was in Europe.
C) Homosexuality is classified as a mental disorder in the current psychiatric classification system in the United States but not in Europe.
D) Homosexuality is currently classified as a disorder in men but not in women.

Question 37

In judging whether a person's behavior is socially unacceptable or violates social norms, clinicians must take into account ______.

A) ideas of persecution
B) cultural differences
C) universal truths
D) subjects' expectations

Question 38

People are said to have ______diagnoses when they have more than one disorder.

A) coexisting
B) comingled
C) comorbid
D) simultaneous

Question 39

Alexander believes that aliens from outer space are working together with the CIA in an elaborate plot to brainwash him with secret messages transmitted through static on his
Television. His beliefs are most likely what psychologists would call ______.

A) delusions
B) compulsions
C) hallucinations
D) obsessions

Question 40

In Eastern cultures, depression is experienced largely in terms of ______.

A) fears of failure in procreation, in dreams, and complaints about witchcraft
B) trancelike states
C) physical or somatic symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or weakness
D) feelings of guilt or sadness

Question 41

The ancient Greeks attempted to cure mental illness by ______.

A) sending people to temples where they were given rest, a nutritious diet, and exercise
B) trephining
C) performing exorcisms
D) torturing them in order to force the evil spirits out of their bodies

Question 42

Andy is a quick-tempered individual. According to Hippocrates, Andy would be described as having an excess of_____.

A) phlegm
B) blood
C) green bile
D) yellow bile

Question 43

In ancient Greece, people who behaved abnormally were often sent to temples dedicated to ______.

A) Aphrodite
B) Aesculapius
C) Zeus
D) Apollo

Question 44

Hippocrates would label a person who is lethargic and sluggish, with little or no energy, as ______.

A) sanguine
B) choleric
C) phlegmatic
D) melancholic

Question 45

Theo is lethargic and sluggish, always acting like he is in "slow motion." According to Hippocrates's theory, Theo has an excess of ______.

A) phlegm
B) blood
C) yellow bile
D) black bile

Question 46

Zorba is constantly depressed. According to Hippocrates' theory, Zorba has an excess of ______.

A) phlegm
B) blood
C) green bile
D) black bile

Question 47

According to Hippocrates, a person who is chronically sad and depressed is said to be ______.

A) sanguine
B) choleric
C) phlegmatic
D) melancholic

Question 48

A person who is cheerful, confident, and optimistic is said to be ______.

A) sanguine
B) choleric
C) phlegmatic
D) melancholic

Question 49

Hippocrates labeled individuals that were quick-tempered, or bilious, as ______.

A) sanguine
B) choleric
C) phlegmatic
D) melancholic

Question 50

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of phlegm. The patient is probably ______.

A) lethargic and sluggish
B) quick-tempered
C) confident and optimistic
D) sad and depressed

Question 51

The process of cutting a hole in the skull to provide a pathway for demons to leave a possessed person's body is called _______.

A) exorcism
B) trephination
C) spiritual incision
D) expurgating

Question 52

Throughout much of history in Western societies, abnormal behavior was often taken as a sign of ______.

A) psychic powers
B) biological imbalances
C) spiritual enlightenment
D) demonic possession

Question 53

The celebrated ancient Greek physician who argued that illnesses of the body and mind resulted from natural causes rather than the wrath of the gods was ______.

A) Socrates
B) Hippocrates
C) Demosthenes
D) Aristotle

Question 54

According to Hippocrates, abnormal behavior results from ______.

A) biological imbalances
B) angering the gods
C) demonic possession
D) spiritual deprivation

Question 55

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of blood. The patient is probably ______.

A) lethargic and sluggish
B) quick-tempered
C) confident and optimistic
D) sad and depressed

Question 56

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from an excess of yellow bile. The patient is probably ______.

A) lethargic and sluggish
B) quick-tempered
C) confident and optimistic
D) sad and depressed

Question 57

George is cheerful, confident, and optimistic. According to Hippocrates' theory, George has an excess of ______.

A) phlegm
B) blood
C) yellow bile
D) black bile

Question 58

Before Hippocrates, the ancient Greeks believed that abnormal behavior, or madness, resulted from ______.

A) natural forces
B) demonic possession
C) punishment by the gods
D) psychic powers

Question 59

Archaeologists have unearthed human skeletons with holes in the skull. It has been suggested that the holes were drilled into the skulls to _________.

A) release fluid associated with brain swelling
B) relieve the individual of a headache
C) release "evil spirits" from the individual
D) treat epilepsy

Question 60

The idea that the health of the body depends on a balance of four vital bodily fluids, or humors, was first proposed by ______.

A) Galen
B) Plato
C) Socrates
D) Hippocrates

Question 61

The Greek physician who expanded on the teachings of Hippocrates was ______.

A) Homer
B) Themistocles
C) Leonidas
D) Galen

Question 62

In Medieval England, most explanations of mental illness involved _______.

A) sociological causes
B) demonic possession
C) physical illness or brain trauma
D) spiritual impropriety

Question 63

If a suspected witch was subjected to the "water-float test" and was found to be spiritually pure, the suspect _______.

A) was released
B) was allowed to join a convent
C) was given an exorcism to prevent future demonic possession
D) drowned

Question 64

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from mania. The patient is probably ______.

A) excessively depressed
B) excessively excited
C) schizophrenic
D) autistic

Question 65

Fear of witches reached its height during the ______.

A) Middle Ages
B) Renaissance
C) Age of Enlightenment
D) Victorian Age

Question 66

The behavior confessed by supposed "witches" was often akin to modern conceptualizations of _________, although it was likely that such confessions resulted from the effects of torture.

A) major depression
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) brain damage
D) schizophrenia

Question 67

The "water-float" test was used during the 16th and 17th centuries to test for ______.

A) being a witch
B) loyalty to the King or Queen
C) problem-solving skills
D) melancholia

Question 68

In medieval times, the doctrine that abnormal behavior was a sign of possession by evil spirits or the devil was espoused by the ______ church.

A) Episcopalian
B) Muslim
C) Roman Catholic
D) Anglican

Question 69

Torture, starvation, and beatings were among the ______.

A) methods of persuasions used by exorcists
B) methods of treatment used in medieval psychotherapy for depression
C) threats made to hospitalized mental patients until electroshock therapy was developed
D) forms of punishment used in the Renaissance by parents of rebellious male teenagers

Question 70

Which of the following are the three categories of abnormal behavior identified by Hippocrates?

A) melancholia, mania, and exhilaration
B) melancholia, phrenitis, and mania
C) mania, depression, and hypoactivity
D) phrenitis, agitation, catatonia

Question 71

Until the physician Galen found that arteries carried blood, it was thought by most people that they carried ______.

A) bile
B) phlegm
C) air
D) water

Question 72

The ethical oath that medical students take when they become physicians honors ______.

A) Galen
B) Thalen
C) Aristotle
D) Hippocrates

Question 73

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from melancholia. The patient is probably ______.

A) excessively depressed
B) excessively excited
C) schizophrenic
D) autistic

Question 74

Renaissance physician Johann Weyer was noted for arguing that abnormal behavior and thought patterns were caused by _______.

A) physical problems
B) demonic possession
C) spiritual impurity
D) sociological factors

Question 75

During the Middle Ages, the treatment of choice for curing abnormal behavior was ______.

A) trephining
B) bleeding
C) exorcism
D) meditation

Question 76

The "Malleus Maleficarum" was ______.

A) a medical manual designed to help Renaissance physicians treat abnormal behavior
B) the first diagnostic manual that correctly labeled some mental health problems according to their behavioral symptoms
C) the holy ritual used to help priests perform exorcisms
D) a manual for helping inquisitors identify suspected witches

Question 77

Most scholars today believe that accusations of witchcraft during the Middle Ages and Renaissance were _______.

A) based on valid fears of the unknown
B) based on misinterpretations of abnormal behaviors resulting from mental illness
C) convenient means of disposing of social nuisances and seizing property
D) part of a general trend by the poor to seek revenge against the wealthy by accusing them of crimes which would cause them to be disgraced

Question 78

The Greek physician who discovered that arteries carry blood, not air, as had been previously thought, was ______.

A) Hippocrates
B) Galen
C) Socrates
D) Themistocles

Question 79

Hippocrates' view that abnormal behavior could result from biological imbalances foreshadowed today's ______ model.

A) medical
B) eclectic
C) psychoanalytic
D) phenomenological

Question 80

Hippocrates diagnoses one of his patients as suffering from phrenitis. The patient is probably ______.

A) excessively excited
B) excessively depressed
C) suffering from schizophrenia
D) autistic