Deck 5: Categorical Logic: Statements

Question 1

To be in standard form, the elements of a categorical statement must appear in the following order:

A) subject term, copula, predicate term, quantifier.
B) predicate term, copula, quantifier, subject term.
C) quantifier, subject term, copula, predicate term.
D) copula, subject term, quantifier, predicate term.

Answer 1

quantifier, subject term, copula, predicate term.

Question 2

The subject term of "All students who skip classes and party on weekends are students who receive low grades" is

A) students who skip classes and party on weekends.
B) students.
C) students who skip classes.
D) students who party on weekends.

Answer 2

students who skip classes and party on weekends.

Question 3

In "All dogs are things that go to heaven," "All" is called the

A) copula.
B) subject term.
C) quality.
D) quantifier.

Answer 3

quantifier.

Question 4

"Some cows are Jerseys" is a standard-form

A) A statement.
B) E statement.
C) I statement.
D) O statement.

Question 5

"No people who were murdered by Jack the Ripper are men" is a standard-form

A) A statement.
B) E statement.
C) I statement.
D) O statement.

Question 6

"All Olympic gold winners are outstanding athletes" is a standard-form

A) A statement.
B) E statement.
C) I statement.
D) O statement.

Question 7

"Some soft drinks are not high-calorie beverages" is a standard-form

A) A statement.
B) E statement.
C) I statement.
D) O statement.

Question 8

The quality of an A statement is

A) universal.
B) affirmative.
C) particular.
D) negative.

Question 9

The quantity of an O statement is

A) universal.
B) affirmative.
C) particular.
D) negative.

Question 10

"Only students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society" is a stylistic variant of the standard-form categorical statement

A) "All students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society."
B) "No members of the Tri-Lambda honor society are students with a 3.0 or higher."
C) "All members of the Tri-Lambda honor society are students with a 3.0 or higher."
D) "Some students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society."

Question 11

"All that glitters is not gold" is best translated into which of the following standard-form categorical statements?

A) "All gold things are things that glitter."
B) "No things that glitter are gold things."
C) "Some gold things are things that glitter."
D) "Some things that glitter are not gold things."

Question 12

When two standard-form categorical statements are corresponding, they

A) have the same subject term and same predicate term.
B) are logically equivalent.
C) are necessarily true.
D) have the same quantifier.

Question 13

An immediate inference is when a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of

A) experience alone.
B) a single premise.
C) the opinion of a reliable authority.
D) informed intuition.

Question 14

According to the Traditional Square of Opposition, corresponding A and E statements are

A) alternatives.
B) contradictories.
C) subcontraries.
D) contraries.

Question 15

Two statements are contradictories if

A) they cannot both be false.
B) they cannot both be true.
C) they cannot correspond.
D) they cannot have the same truth value.

Question 16

On the Traditional Square of Opposition, if "All dogs are mammals" is false, which of the following can be validly inferred?

A) "Some dogs are mammals" is false.
B) "Some dogs are not mammals" is true.
C) "No dogs are mammals" is false.
D) "Some dogs are mammals" is true.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is necessarily false?

A) "Some humans are winged creatures."
B) "No even numbers are numbers divisible by two."
C) "All cars are vehicles with combustion engines."
D) "All squirrels are grey animals."

Question 18

The converse of a standard-form categorical statement is formed by

A) interchanging its subject and predicate terms.
B) replacing the predicate term with its complement.
C) changing its quality and replacing its predicate with the predicate-complement.
D) changing the quantity.

Question 19

Two statements are logically equivalent if

A) each validly implies the other.
B) they have the same subject term and the same predicate term.
C) they are both universal statements.
D) they have the same standard form.

Question 20

The obverse of "All pigs are intelligent creatures" is

A) "Some intelligent creatures are pigs."
B) "All non-intelligent creatures are non-pigs."
C) "No pigs are non-intelligent creatures."
D) "Some pigs are not intelligent creatures."

Question 21

A categorical statement is a statement that relates two classes or categories.

Question 22

"Sometimes people are very kind" is a standard-form categorical statement.

Question 23

In "All romance novelists are reformed tabloid journalists," "novelist" is the subject term.

Question 24

The quality of a standard-form categorical statement is either affirmative or negative.

Question 25

An E statement ("No S are P") is a universal negative statement.

Question 26

A particular statement is a statement about a specific individual or thing such as Tom or Tom's car.

Question 27

A universal statement is one that is universally accepted as

Question 28

"Some people are never satisfied" is a standard-form O statement.

Question 29

"Something's a mammal only if it's a warm-blooded animal" is a stylistic variant of "All mammals are warm-blooded animals."

Question 30

"Nothing worth doing is an easy thing to do" is a stylistic variant of "No things worth doing are easy things to do."

Question 31

"Not all lawyers are crooks" is a stylistic variant of "Some lawyers are crooks."

Question 32

"Some philosophers are wealthy people" and "No philosophers are wealthy people" are corresponding statements.

Question 33

On the Traditional Square of Opposition, I and E statements are contraries.

Question 34

Two standard-form categorical statements are contradictories if they cannot have the same truth value.

Question 35

A necessary truth is one that cannot be false under any possible circumstances.

Question 36

On the Traditional Square of Opposition, if "All unicorns are white horses" is

Question 37

The complement of a class X is the class containing all things that are not members of X.

Question 38

The rule of obversion is valid only for E and I statements.

Question 39

The contrapositive of "All parakeets are budgies" is "All budgies are parakeets."

Question 40

The inference from "Some capitalists are not wealthy people" to "Some wealthy people are not capitalists" is a valid inference.

Question 41

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: All rubies are red gems.

Question 42

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: All lab-created rubies are clear red gems.

Question 43

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: Some parakeets are birds attracted to shiny objects.

Question 44

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: Some molecular biologists are Swedish water volleyball team members.

Question 45

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: No coconut crabs are hippopotami.

Question 46

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: Some philosophers are not dualists.

Question 47

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: Some miniature horses are animals trained to assist people with disabilities.

Question 48

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: All beverages containing aspartame are known carcinogens.

Question 49

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: No subsidiaries of the Philip Morris company are morally praiseworthy companies.

Question 50

Name the form of the following categorical statement (A, E, I, or O); identify the subject term and predicate term; and state the quantity and quality: Some scientific geniuses are not college graduates.

Question 51

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
All people who smoke are people who will get lung cancer. / No people who smoke are people who will get lung cancer.

Question 52

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
No yellow submarines are nuclear submarines. / Some yellow submarines are not nuclear submarines.

Question 53

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
No students who study regularly are slackers. Some students who study regularly are slackers.

Question 54

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
Some feral felines are friendly cats. / Some friendly cats are feral felines.

Question 55

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
Some philosophers are not materialists. / Some nonmaterialists are not nonphilosophers.

Question 56

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
Some police dogs are not dogs trained to track criminals. / Some police dogs are dogs trained to track criminals.

Question 57

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
All people who seek truth are philosophers. / No people who seek truth are nonphilosophers.

Question 58

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
All world-renowned chefs are skilled chemists. / No world-renowned chefs are skilled chemists.

Question 59

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
No sailors are navigators. / Some nonnavigators are not nonsailors.

Question 60

Name the logical relation that holds between the two categorical statements that follow. In the case of subalternation, indicate which statement is the superaltern and which is the subaltern. If the pair does not exemplify any of the logical relations we have discussed, simply write "None."
All lawyers are crooks. / Some crooks are lawyers.

Question 61

Put this statement into standard form: There are no philosopher kings.

Question 62

Put this statement into standard form: Most horses at the Wilderness Park Stables are easy to ride.

Question 63

Put this statement into standard form: Only philosophers know the meaning of life.

Question 64

Put this statement into standard form: Anyone who gets too much sun will get skin cancer.

Question 65

Put this statement into standard form: Corporate lawyers are not ethical people.

Question 66

Put this statement into standard form: Only members can use the front door.

Question 67

Put this statement into standard form: If you want to pass this class, then you have to study hard.

Question 68

Put this statement into standard form: Steve buys nothing but the best for his kids.

Question 69

Put this statement into standard form: At least one person appreciates my talent!

Question 70

Put this statement into standard form: Not all high-paying jobs are rewarding.

Question 71

If "All Ferengi are entrepreneurs" is true, what may be inferred about "Some entrepreneurs are not non-Ferengi"? Explain.

Question 72

If "Some alien races are pacifists" is true, what may be inferred about "No alien races are nonpacifists"? Explain.

Question 73

If "All sesquipedalians are polyglots" is true, what may be validly inferred about "Some nonpolyglots are not sesquipedalians"? Explain.

Question 74

If "Some salacious sages are not prosaic prophets" is true, what can be inferred about "No prosaic prophets are nonsalacious sages"? Explain.

Question 75

If "No prestidigitators are masters of illusion" is true, what can be inferred about "All nonprestidigitators are masters of illusion"? Explain.

Question 76

If "All Burmese are Asians" is true, what can be inferred about "Some non-Asians are non-Burmese"?

Question 77

If "Some Swedes are Danes" is false, what can be inferred about "All Swedes are Danes"?

Question 78

If "No elephants are non-pachyderms" is true, then what can we infer about "Some non-pachyderms are non-elephants"?

Question 79

If "All non-reptiles are non-turtles" is true, what can be inferred about "Some reptiles are not non-turtles"?

Question 80

If "No Martians are Venusians" is true, what can be inferred about "All Venusians are Martians"?