Deck 1: Why Study Community-Based Corrections: Using Evidence-Based Practices, Risk Assessment, and Intermediate Sanctions to Reduce Crime and Protect the Community

Question 1

Which one of the following does not belong?

A) Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels
B) Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, and evaluation
C) Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate.
D) Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs.

Answer 1

Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels

Question 2

Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation of indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems?

A) community policing
B) community-based prosecution
C) ^{community-based defender services}
D) community courts

Answer 2

^{community-based defender services}

Question 3

Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems?

A) community policing
B) community-based prosecution
C) community-based defender services
D) community courts

Answer 3

community-based prosecution

Question 4

Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence-based corrections (EBC)?

A) EBC has a definable outcome.
B) The outcome is measurable.
C) The outcome is defined according to practical realities.
D) ^{Once evidence-based always evidence-based.}

Question 5

Criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration are called:

A) intermittent sanctions
B) intermediate sanctions
C) indeterminate sanctions
D) intercriminal sanctions

Question 6

A form of community supervision with frequent contact between offenders and their supervision officers is referred to as:

A) intermediate supervision probation (or parole)
B) indeterminate supervision probation (or parole)
C) intensive supervision probation (or parole)
D) intermittent supervision probation (or parole)

Question 7

Non-residential community correctional centers to which an offender reports either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required are referred to as:

A) day reporting centers
B) residential reporting centers
C) halfway houses
D) work release centers

Question 8

This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours.

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home release

Question 9

This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home except for pre-approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home release

Question 10

This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes.

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home release

Question 11

The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called:

A) electric punishment
B) e-punishment
C) remote punishment
D) remote location monitoring

Question 12

A financial sanction that compensates victims for financial, physical, or emotional loss is a:

A) reimbursement
B) ^restitution
C) recompense
D) recognizance

Question 13

This intermediate sanction is sometimes called a "fine of time."

A) Community sanction
B) community supervision
C) ^{community service}
D) community servitude

Question 14

Structured and military-like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, and education are:

A) boot camps
B) work camps
C) prison camps
D) intermediate sanction camps

Question 15

Minimum-security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatment services, and access to community resources for employment and education are:

A) non-residential intermediate sanctions
B) residential intensive treatment centers
C) non-residential community centers
D) residential community centers

Question 16

State laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections programs are called:

A) community corrections acts
B) community decentralized provisions
C) community intermediate sanctions
D) community intermittent sanction acts

Question 17

The first state to adopt a CCA was:

A) Massachusetts
B) Minnesota
C) Mississippi
D) Montana

Question 18

The theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is:

A) restorative justice
B) revenge justice
C) retributive justice
D) vengeance justice

Question 19

The theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is:

A) restorative justice
B) revenge justice
C) retributive justice
D) vengeance justice

Question 20

This goal of retributive justice consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain than that which was originally inflicted on the victim.

A) revenge
B) retribution
C) just deserts
D) deterrence

Question 21

This goal of retributive justice claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished.

A) revenge
B) retribution
C) just deserts
D) deterrence

Question 22

A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the individual offender is:

A) individual deterrence
B) ^{specific deterrence}
C) personal deterrence
D) general deterrence

Question 23

A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the population as a whole is:

A) Individual deterrence
B) specific deterrence
C) personal deterrence
D) general deterrence

Question 24

A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by isolating them is:

A) deterrence
B) revenge
C) just deserts
D) ^{incapacitation}

Question 25

A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and social-skills training is:

A) deterrence
B) restitution
C) rehabilitation
D) compensation

Question 26

Which one of the following is not one of the four key values to a restorative justice approach?

A) a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members who want to meet to discuss the crime and its consequences
B) a restorative approach provides opportunities for offenders to take steps to repair the harm they have caused
C) a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members who want to meet to discuss the crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing offenders
D) a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims and offenders to once again become whole, contributing members of society

Question 27

The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately:

A) 4.3 million
B) 5.3 million
C) 6.3 million
D) ^{7.3 million}

Question 28

Which one of the following is a key component of the Pew Center's policy framework for creating a national agenda for community corrections?

A) impose swift and certain sanctions for violation
B) impose swift and severe sanctions for violation
C) delay pursuing violations until an offender has committed a new crime or a significant number of technical violations, at which point return to prison is likely
D) treat all violations the same

Question 29

The philosophy of community corrections embraces centralization of authority from local to state levels.

Question 30

Community policing is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are most affected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems.

Question 31

Community courts is a strategy of harnessing the power of the justice system to hearing criminal cases in the community that are most affected by the case.

Question 32

Evidence-based practices refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures.

Question 33

The traditional approach to offender supervision in the United States has emphasized evidence-based practices.

Question 34

In evidence-based corrections probation and parole officers rely on their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients.

Question 35

Evidence-based practices are dismissive of scientific knowledge, training, and expertise.

Question 36

Researchers in the United States and Canada refer to evidence-based corrections as "correctional quackery."

Question 37

Evidence-based practice is the opposite of "correctional quackery."

Question 38

Evidence-based practices do not have to be implemented like the original approach in order to replicate their results.

Question 39

Intermittent sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration.

Question 40

If a judge orders you to report to a non-residential community correctional centers either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required, you have been sentenced to a day reporting center.

Question 41

If the judge orders you to stay in you residence during specified hours as part of your probation, you have been given a curfew.

Question 42

If a condition of your probation requires you to stay home except for pre-approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes, you have been given home incarceration.

Question 43

If a condition of your parole requires you to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes, you are on home detention.

Question 44

If a condition of your community supervision requires you to wear an ankle bracelet, you are under remote location monitoring.

Question 45

"Fines" and "restitution" mean the same thing

Question 46

Fines are financial sanctions paid to the court; restitution may be made through the court, but goes to the victim.

Question 47

Community service is sometimes called a "fine of time."

Question 48

If the judge sentences an offender to a structured and military-like punishment that focuses on discipline, physical labor, and education, the offender has been sentenced to a boot camp.

Question 49

Work release centers are a type of residential community centers.

Question 50

Drug courts are more punitive than regular courts.

Question 51

Only convicted offenders are given intermediate sanctions.

Question 52

Offenders under jail supervision are not given intermediate sanctions.

Question 53

Community corrections acts give economic grants to states to establish community corrections programs.

Question 54

CCAs transfer some state functions to local communities.

Question 55

The goal of CCAs in most states is to divert certain prison-bound offenders into local-, city-, or county- level programs.

Question 56

The first state to adopt a CCA was Minnesota.

Question 57

The majority of Minnesota's offenders are sentenced to prison.

Question 58

Retributive justice is a theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve.

Question 59

Retributive justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.

Question 60

The goal of revenge usually consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain than that which was originally inflicted on the victim.

Question 61

Just deserts claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished.

Question 62

Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the population as a whole.

Question 63

Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the individual offender.

Question 64

Incapacitation is a theory of justice that argues that we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by isolating them.

Question 65

Restitution is a structured effort to alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and social-skills training.

Question 66

Retributive justice goals define crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing offenders.

Question 67

Retributive justice focuses on allowing offenders to make amends to their victims.

Question 68

There are approximately 4.3 million Americans under correctional supervision.

Question 69

The Pew Center's policy document on creating a national agenda for community corrections advocates separating offenders who are more likely to cause great harm from those who may cause relatively little harm.

Question 70

______ is a law enforcement strategy to get residents involved in making their neighborhoods safer by focusing on crime prevention.

Question 71

______ is a strategy founded on the idea that prosecutors have a responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems.

Question 72

______ is a strategy that provides continuity in representation of indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems that can lead to legal troubles.

Question 73

______ refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures.

Question 74

The______approach to offender supervision in the United States emphasized individual accountability from offenders, and probation and parole officers were expected to rely on their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients.

Question 75

______ are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration.

Question 76

______ are non-residential community correctional centers to which an offender reports either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required.

Question 77

______ requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours.

Question 78

______ requires an offender to stay home except for pre-approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.

Question 79

______ requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes.

Question 80

The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called______.