Deck 10: Digital System Projects Using HDL

Question 1

The first step in structured project development is:

A) system integration.
B) break the project into small, manageable pieces.
C) overall definition.
D) synthesis and testing of each piece.

Answer 1

overall definition.

Question 2

Synthesis and testing of each piece of the project building blocks:

A) is necessary at all system levels.
B) is unnecessary because most subsystems have already been built and tested.
C) would require too much time reproving known technology.
D) is necessary for important subsystems but can be avoided for small, easily developed subsystems.

Answer 2

is necessary at all system levels.

Question 3

The last step in the small project development process is:

A) synthesis and testing of each piece.
B) overall definition.
C) strategic planning.
D) system integration and testing.

Answer 3

system integration and testing.

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be considered a definition of scope?

A) What components are available for implementation?
B) What sources of power will be utilized?
C) What are the project design limits?
D) Will inferred technology work or will RF be needed?

Question 5

Small project development should be managed with deliberation that is equal to that of large project development. The only issue large and small projects don't have in common is:

A) small projects are already divided into small pieces so further division is unnecessary.
B) small project definition is obvious.
C) size of project.
D) large project management requires professional planning.

Question 6

A problem statement is developed because a need exists. The statement should:

A) be considered the blueprint for development.
B) include every need.
C) develop as the project begins to take shape.
D) be specific and include all known obstacles.

Question 7

During the strategic planning mode, it has become apparent that a required subsystem does not fit the planned application as assumed. Planners have made the decision to use a completely different technology to achieve the same end. In keeping with structured project development:

A) the original problem statement must be redesigned.
B) each system must be tested and or addressed form comparability.
C) all subsystems must be individually tested again.
D) No changes are required: continue to develop project on an as built basis.

Question 8

After repeated simulated testing, a stepper motor drive was considered fully functional in every aspect. At this point:

A) the drive should be tested under actual conditions.
B) simulated testing should be continued until failure results. Then document failure and decide if it is acceptable or unacceptable.
C) unusual or extraordinary conditions should be developed and tested on the drive.
D) the drive is ready for quality testing and prototyping.

Question 9

"Synchronously cascaded" refers to:

A) multiple output or inputs processed by the same clock pulse.
B) development of a signal through repeated division of original signal.
C) any clock signal.
D) a process in which 60 Hz clock signals are produced.

Question 10

The outputs enable function:

A) activates Hi- Z mode or tri- state buffer.
B) activates high output on tri- state buffer.
C) activates low output on tri- state buffer.
D) allows tri- state buffer to go either high or low as needed.

Question 11

A 4- bit ring counter that requires only four possible output combinations would disregard eleven combinations. What effect would the clock frequency have on the output?

A) The output frequency would be equal to a MOD 4 counter.
B) The output frequency would be equal to a MOD 16 counter.
C) The output frequency would equal the input frequency.
D) None of the above

Question 12

Schmitt- trigger integrated circuits:

A) buffer data bus from output/input devices.
B) generate Hz clock pulses.
C) condition input signals.
D) require RC networks.

Question 13

From 60 Hz wave input, what is required for reliable clock signal?

A) Schmitt- Trigger, and then a MOD 60 counter
B) MOD 60 counter
C) MOD 6 counter, and then a Schmitt- Trigger
D) Schmitt- Trigger, and then a MOD 2 counter

Question 14

A digital clock model decodes a 1 pulse per second input into seconds, minutes and hours; sixty seconds advance minutes, and sixty minutes advance hours. How do hours recycle back to one after 12?

A) The 1 for tens of hours and 2 for ones of hours is detected and resets hours back to zero.
B) The 2 is detected and resets the new tens and ones of hours to zero.
C) A MOD 6 counter automatically resets hours to zero.
D) The 1 for tens of hours and 2 for ones of hours is detected and resets hours back to 1 o'clock.

Question 15

City planners know that 20,000 square feet of government office space must be built on the west edge of the city within the next two years. This kind of project development qualifies as:

A) project synthesis.
B) top- down hierarchical design.
C) strategic planning.
D) problem statement.

Question 16

In general, digital clock hours and minutes can be adjusted by:

A) using thumbwheel style BCD preloading.
B) using a second, high speed clock pulse and enabling it only during time set mode.
C) designing a clock set circuit to preload counter.
D) routing the seconds counter to the hours and minutes clock as needed.

Question 17

Sine wave clock pulses are not appropriate for most clock inputs because:

A) the negative going portion of the waveform would reverse bias input circuitry and cause circuit failure.
B) the negative going waveform would introduce unwanted noise.
C) sine waves have no defined on/off values.
D) off would not be at ground potential. It would have a negative potential.
E) C or D

Question 18

A 60 Hz line voltage is supplying a MOD 60 counter through a Schmitt trigger. The clock frequency:

A) would still be dependent on line frequency.
B) is generated by an oscillator powered from the line frequency.
C) would be conditioned and independent from line frequency.
D) Both B and C

Question 19

Dark box design is similar to thevenizing an unknown analog output voltage. The black box represents:

A) one system in a group of systems.
B) unknown systems inside the box and unknown outputs outside the box.
C) a system of unknowns with a known output.
D) a system of known values cloaked because the details are unimportant.

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the reasons a digital clock project is a valuable learning tool for project development?

A) Low power consumption
B) Low parts count
C) Everyone is familiar with clocks
D) Inexpensive parts

Question 21

All the components of small project management work together:

A) synchronously, beginning with strategic planning.
B) synchronously, beginning with synthesis and testing.
C) synchronously, beginning with definition.
D) asynchronously after definition is complete.

Question 22

After the dark box is defined:

A) specifications should be stated.
B) synthesis and testing begin.
C) planning should begin.
D) problem statement should be made.

Question 23

At the point where all possible inputs and outputs of a digital project are known:

A) break problem down to as few sections as possible.
B) break problem down to two sections.
C) break problem down to manageable sections.
D) re- examine problem statement and check that all issues have been covered.

Question 24

MOD 10 counters are:

A) retentive counters.
B) BCD counters.
C) decade counters.
D) Both A and B

Question 25

Without the benefit of 60 Hz line voltage input, 1 pulse per second clock frequency could be generated by:

A) a 555 timer and Schmitt- trigger.
B) a crystal oscillator.
C) a Schmitt- trigger and MOD 60 counter.
D) Either A or B

Question 26

Project conception may be top- down hierarchy but:

A) strategic planing is always conceived as a whole.
B) integration and testing must be performed on all system prior to project definition.
C) each basic clock should be carefully built from the most insignificant to the most sophisticated.
D) each block must be built prior to system planning.

Question 27

When the building blocks of a project have been defined, created and individually simulated to verify that they work correctly:

A) begin integration.
B) begin project synthesis.
C) check to see if product still meets original definition.
D) combine blocks and sections and make final product.

Question 28

A frequency counter will overflow if:

A) sampling interval is too long.
B) sampling interval is too short.
C) the input frequency is too low.
D) All of the above

Question 29

A short sampling interval will:

A) produce poor precision.
B) help prevent counter overflow.
C) yield high precision.
D) Both A and B

Question 30

Regarding the frequency counter project, which statement best represents the black box?

A) Accuracy of the counter depends on the accuracy of the system clock.
B) An accurate frequency counter is needed.
C) The display must be updated periodically.
D) The counter will have four major blocks.

Question 31

The amplitude of a frequency being measured:

A) needs to be compatible with signal conditioning circuits.
B) will not be measured.
C) must be higher than 12 volts.
D) All of the above

Question 32

State diagrams are useful for:

A) determining next states.
B) establishing ring counter sequence.
C) determining unused bit sequence.
D) All of the above

Question 33

Stepper motors operate in full steps, half steps, and modified half step sequences like the wave drive sequence shown in table 10- 1. The wave drive sequence:

A) has equal torque at all speeds but higher speeds achievable.
B) has more torque than full step sequences.
C) operates stepper motors much more smoothly but consumes up to three times the current.
D) has less torque but operates more smoothly than full step at moderate steps.

Question 34

Small project management techniques only apply to small projects and could not be used for projects on a large scale such as building a house.

Question 35

The first step in any project is the thorough definition of its scope.

Question 36

The second step in project management is synthesis and testing.

Question 37

The worst mistake a project manager could make is to assume that existing technologies will easily combine and work together.

Question 38

Every aspect of project development must be thoroughly tested through simulation and by actual implementation.

Question 39

The steps of project management, in order, are: definition, planning, testing, and system integration.

Question 40

One example of definition includes who will buy this product.

Question 41

Stepper motor drives will provide output through the Q output only.

Question 42

Stepper motors can be operated sequentially through specific binary sequence or by straight DC voltage.

Question 43

An active low ring counter sequences a zero through each flip- flop.

Question 44

Invalid states in a state transition diagram indicate states that will be sequenced but will be all zeros or all ones.

Question 45

Digital clocks are really modified, cascaded, asynchronous counters.

Question 46

Digital clocks are a combination of MOD 60, MOD 6, MOD 10, and MOD 2 counters.

Question 47

Top- down hierarchical design considers every project detail first.

Question 48

From a 60 Hz line voltage, a MOD 60 counter will output 1 pulse per second on 1 Hz.

Question 49

The job of a prescalar is to divide the 60 Hz incoming signal down to 1 Hz.

Question 50

A MOD 10 counter could not be built from a MOD 12 counter.

Question 51

A frequency counter is an assembly of basic digital building blocks. No new technology exists.

Question 52

A crystal controlled clock generator and Schmitt- trigger would make an excellent clock source.

Question 53

A Schmitt- trigger is a pulse shaper.

Question 54

In the microwave oven project, each block has an output called TC. It is used to indicate that a counter has reached zero.

Question 55

The first step of small project management is______.

Question 56

Surveys of graduates show that most of the professionals in the electrical and computer
engineering and technology fields have the responsibility of_____.

Question 57

Applying project management principles will reduce the_____factor.

Question 58

The first step in any project is the thorough _____of its scope.

Question 59

The second step in any project is coming up with a _____.

Question 60

The third step in any project is_____and_____ .

Question 61

The counter for the tens of seconds in the microwave oven project is a _____counter.

Question 62

The last step in project management includes system_____and ______.

Question 63

The clean feature in the microwave oven counter block is_____ and active _____.

Question 64

In a real project the first step of definition often involves some _____on the part of the project manager.

Question 65

Using one construct inside of another is known as_____.

Question 66

The magnetron control block in the microwave oven project must make sure that the magnetron remains turned on after the start button has been released. This is accomplished by using an _____.

Question 67

The examination and representation of sequenced bits can be demonstrated with a_____ transition diagram.

Question 68

A 1 pulse per second signal is used as asynchronous clock for all of the counter states,which are _______ cascaded.

Question 69

A _____ counter is used to count the tens of minutes section of a digital clock.

Question 70

A _____counter divides a 60 Hz signal into 1 Hz.

Question 71

_____hierarchical design means that we want to start at the highest level of hierarchy.

Question 72

Transforming incoming frequencies to useable pulses is called frequency_____.

Question 73

A frequency_____is a circuit that can measure and display the frequency of a signal.

Question 74

The tens of hours section of a digital clock will require a_____ counter.

Question 75

Counting the number of cycles of an incoming waveform during a precisely specified period of time is called the_____interval.

Question 76

The shorter time a waveform is sampled, the less _____ it will be measured at.

Question 77

A _____counter is also called a MOD 10 counter.