Deck 6: Populations, Samples, and Sample Size

Question 1

A population is:

A) selected from the sample.
B) selected from the sampling frame.
C) determined by identifying the characteristics the researcher wants participants to have.
D) is based on access and availability.
E) c and d

Answer 1

c and d

Question 2

Probability sampling means that selection of participants is:

A) random.
B) probable, but not plausible.
C) probably good enough to generalize the results to the population.
D) based on one characteristic of the population while ignoring another.
E) none of the above.

Answer 2

random.

Question 3

Sampling error is:

A) the number of times a person is contacted before they agree to participate in a research project.
B) the degree to which a sample differs from population characteristics.
C) always present.
D) the number of mistakes a researcher makes in selecting the sample.
E) b and c

Answer 3

b and c

Question 4

Simple random sampling is:

A) Also called systematic sampling.
B) When every person has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study.
C) A two-stage or multistage process.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Every person has an equal chance of being selected; individuals are selected one at a time and independently.

A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling

Question 6

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Population is divided according to homogeneous groups; randomly select participants from each group.

A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling

Question 7

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-A two-stage sampling process used when the researcher cannot identify a complete listing of the population.

A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling

Question 8

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Divide the population by the desired sample size to establish that every nth person should be selected; select a random number to establish where in the list to begin selection.

A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling

Question 9

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Using the individuals who offer to participate in a research study.

A) Volunteer sample
B) Snowball sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Purposive sample
E) Quota sampling

Question 10

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Researcher seeks a specified number of participants who fit the characteristics of subgroups important to the research project.

A) Volunteer sample
B) Snowball sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Purposive sample
E) Quota sampling

Question 11

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Choosing individuals who are convenient and easily available as research participants.

A) Volunteer sample
B) Snowball sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Purposive sample
E) Quota sampling

Question 12

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Finding additional research participants by asking current participants to recommend individuals with similar characteristics.

A) Volunteer sample
B) Snowball sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Purposive sample
E) Quota sampling

Question 13

Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures:

-Choosing individuals to participate in research because they are considered "typical" of the critical characteristics important to the research project.

A) Volunteer sample
B) Snowball sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Purposive sample
E) Quota sampling

Question 14

A sampling frame is the available population in which a researcher is interested and from which research participants are selected.

Question 15

Generalizability is the extent to which conclusions developed from data collected from a population can be extended to the sample.

Question 16

The smaller the sample, the greater the proportion of participants needed for the sample.

Question 17

Convenience samples are never an appropriate choice for identifying research participants.

Question 18

Sample size is the same as the number of people you ask or select to participate.

Question 19

Explain the relationship among population, sampling frame, and sample.

Question 20

Describe the advantages and weaknesses of using a convenience sample.

Question 21

Explain the principles a researcher should follow in determining sample size.

Question 22

Describe the information a researcher needs to include in a description of the population and sample to convince others of population validity.