Deck 3: Basic Logical Concepts

Question 1

A syllogism is an argument with two premises and a conclusion.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Modus tollens is a deductively valid pattern of reasoning.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Some valid arguments have false conclusions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Some arguments, while not completely valid, are mostly valid.

Question 5

Every hypothetical syllogism has two premises and a conclusion.

Question 6

If an argument is unsound, then it has at least one false premise.

Question 7

Every sound argument has a true conclusion.

Question 8

Modus ponens is a valid pattern of reasoning.

Question 9

Every hypothetical syllogism is valid.

Question 10

Every chain argument is valid.

Question 11

No categorical syllogism has only one premise.

Question 12

Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises are

A) inductive
B) abductive
C) plausibility arguments
D) deductive

Question 13

__________ have the following pattern: If A then B; not B; so, not A.

A) modus ponens
B) chain arguments
C) modus tollens
D) denying the antecedent

Question 14

Which of the following combinations can a valid argument never have?

A) true premises, false conclusion
B) false premises, true conclusion
C) false premises, false conclusion
D) all of the above

Question 15

With a deductive argument, if you can imagine a possible scenario in which an argument's premises would all be true and the conclusion would be false, then the argument is:

A) invalid
B) weak
C) uncogent
D) unsubstantiated

Question 16

In 1930 Harry lived at 212 Sycamore Drive. In 1970 Harry lived at 212 Sycamore Drive. In 2010 Harry lived at 212 Sycamore Drive. Therefore, in 2040 Harry will live at 212 Sycamore Drive. This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 17

Josie has ski racks on her Toyota Pathfinder. It is logical to assume, therefore, that Josie is a skier. This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 18

Ollie got violent ill only minutes after he ate a large red mushroom in the woods. Clearly, the mushroom caused him to be sick. This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 19

What makes me think Regina isn't a vegetarian? On Tuesday, she went to Kentucky Fried Chicken for lunch. On Wednesday, she went to Burger King for lunch. On Thursday, she went to the Hungry Heifer Steakhouse for lunch. What more proof do you need? This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 20

If Wendy got an "A" in her Anatomy and Physiology class, then her boyfriend took her out to celebrate. Her boyfriend did take her out to celebrate. Therefore, Wendy did get an "A" in her Anatomy and Physiology class. This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 21

No welfare recipients are NBA all-stars. All welfare recipients are poor. Therefore, no NBA all-stars are poor. This argument is

A) deductive, valid
B) deductive, invalid
C) inductive, strong
D) inductive, weak

Question 22

An argument in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises is

A) implicative.
B) inductive.
C) deductive.
D) none of the above

Question 23

If an argument contains the words "it must be the case that," then the argument is definitely

A) inductive.
B) deductive.
C) logically reliable.
D) none of the above

Question 24

If a deductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, then the argument is

A) weak.
B) uncogent.
C) strong but not necessarily uncogent.
D) invalid.

Question 25

An inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises is

A) sound.
B) cogent.
C) valid.
D) valid but not necessarily sound.