Question 1

An inductive argument can never guarantee the truth of its conclusion.

Accepted Answer

An inductive argument, by its nature, reasons from specific instances to general conclusions and thus cannot guarantee the truth of its conclusion, only suggest its likelihood or probability.

Question 2

An inductive argument in which the reasoning is strong is called a valid argument.

Accepted Answer

In an inductive argument, when the reasoning is strong, it is called a strong argument, not a valid argument. Validity is a term used for deductive arguments where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

Question 3

Arguments from analogy are commonly used in legal reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Arguments from analogy are frequently used in legal reasoning to draw comparisons between similar cases, helping to establish precedents or interpret laws in a consistent manner.

Question 4

Causal arguments are typically inductive rather than deductive.

Accepted Answer

Causal arguments often rely on observing patterns, correlations, or trends to infer a causal relationship, which is an inductive process. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, starts with a general premise and reaches a specific conclusion, which is not the typical approach for establishing causality.

Question 5

An inductive argument in which the reasoning is strong and the premises are true is called a cogent argument.

Accepted Answer

A cogent argument is indeed an inductive argument where the reasoning is strong and all of its premises are true, making the conclusion likely to be true.

Question 6

An inductive argument is strong when its premises are relevant to the conclusion and the conclusion is true.

Accepted Answer

An inductive argument is considered strong if its premises provide strong support for its conclusion, regardless of whether the conclusion is actually true. The truth of the conclusion is not a criterion for the strength of an inductive argument.

Question 7

Which of the following is an indicator word or phrase for an inductive argument:&#10;A) definitely&#10;B) certainly&#10;C) likely&#10;D) conclusively

Accepted Answer

Inductive arguments are characterized by reasoning from specific instances to general conclusions, often with a degree of uncertainty. The word "likely" indicates a probability or tendency, which aligns with the nature of inductive reasoning, suggesting that the conclusion is probable rather than certain.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of epistemic probability?&#10;A) there is a good chance I'll see friends this weekend.&#10;B) the chances of picking the winning numbers in your state lottery.&#10;C) the chances of a random freshman getting all A's in his/her first semester.&#10;D) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

Epistemic probability refers to the probability based on knowledge or beliefs rather than on physical properties or frequencies. The statement about seeing friends this weekend is based on personal knowledge or belief about one's plans and social interactions, making it an example of epistemic probability.

Question 9

Which of the following has nothing to do with individual preferences?&#10;A) relative value&#10;B) a priori value&#10;C) diminishing marginal value&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

A priori value refers to value determined by logic or reason independently of specific experiences or empirical evidence, thus not directly related to individual preferences which are subjective and vary from person to person. Relative value and diminishing marginal value, on the other hand, are concepts that inherently consider individual preferences and circumstances.

Question 10

Inductive arguments that are well reasoned and are such that a reasonable person would act or bet on them are said to be&#10;A) strong&#10;B) properly convincing&#10;C) cogent&#10;D) strong and reliable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inductive arguments that are well reasoned and...

Question 11

A comparison of things based on similarities those things share is:&#10;A) an analogy&#10;B) a hyperbole&#10;C) a generalization&#10;D) a causal explanation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A comparison of things based on similarities...

Question 12

The gambler's fallacy is the mistaken belief that:&#10;A) slot machines are a worse bet than roulette&#10;B) a past event can have an impact on a current random event&#10;C) your odds of winning increase as you continue to play&#10;D) &#34;you gotta know when to fold 'em&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gambler's fallacy is the mistaken belief...

Deck 9: Inductive Reasoning