Deck 17: Using Counseling Theories in Multicultural Contexts

Question 1

__________ is founded on one's experiences.

A) Culture
B) Theory
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Answer 1

Both of the above.

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes theory?

A) It cannot encompass all human experiences.
B) It belongs to us as counselors.
C) It seeks to provide an all-encompassing response.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

Theoretical orientation describes both

A) our rationale and our action.
B) our client and our plan of action.
C) ourselves as counselors and our clients.
D) our personal beliefs and the beliefs of our clients.

Answer 3

our rationale and our action.

Question 4

According to the Kluckhohn and Strodbeck (1961) theoretical model, which of the following are value orientations?

A) Human nature
B) Human activity
C) Time sense
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the nine assumptions counselors use to create and support their approaches to counseling?

A) holism/elementalism
B) constitutionalism/rationalism
C) subjectivity/objectivity
D) homeostasis/heterostasis

Question 6

__________ facilitates stronger client-counselor alliance and counselor empathy.

A) Active listening
B) Congruence in worldviews
C) Openness to other's worldviews
D) The counselor's experience

Question 7

Theory has typically been characterized as a collection of

A) interrelated ideas.
B) constructs.
C) principles.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

Exclusion of the targeted culture from a counseling theory may result in

A) misdiagnosis.
B) misunderstanding of particular meanings of concepts and behaviors.
C) clients running the risk of being considered deficient.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

A person's ______ is comprised of personal constructs that are created within familial, cultural, and societal contexts.

A) worldview.
B) theory.
C) culture.
D) nature.

Question 10

__________ have been called the greatest unifier and the greatest divider of people.

A) Worldviews
B) Religion and Spirituality
C) Languages
D) Values and morals

Question 11

Religious and spiritual beliefs affect

A) how one defines mental health.
B) thoughts, emotions, and motivation for behavior.
C) worldview.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

When applying a theory to counseling it is important to

A) ask the client which theory he/she prefers.
B) consider how the theory interacts with the client's beliefs about the divine.
C) consider how the counselor's beliefs can be imposed upon the client.
D) be open to using many theories at the same time.

Question 13

Governments

A) set parameters for what it means to be an accepted member of society.
B) influence laws to reinforce lifestyle choices.
C) are direct expressions of worldviews.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

__________ is a social system with the greatest potential for shaping notions of mental health.

A) Family
B) Government
C) Religion
D) Culture

Question 15

Which of the following would NOT be a helpful question in determining the role of family within a particular society?

A) What constitutes a family?
B) How are family relations connected to social status?
C) Who are the parents of the client?
D) How are families created?

Question 16

Most of the major theories have been developed to serve

A) the greater populations of the world.
B) White, middle class men of European heritage.
C) all cultures who support counseling.
D) adults between the ages of 25 and 55.

Question 17

Grand theories in counseling

A) evolve and adapt over time.
B) seek to integrate all dimensions of human experience.
C) incorporate many different models.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

In order to be culturally responsive in counseling,

A) clients must be willing to divulge a great deal of information to the counselor.
B) counselors must be self-aware of their own cultural identities and cultural contexts for their approach to counseling.
C) counselors should ignore any views that differ from the client's.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

__________ allows a counselor to remain grounded in their client conceptualization while exploring new ways to apply theory.

A) Culturally responsive counseling
B) Eclecticism
C) Theoretical adaptation
D) Morita therapy

Question 20

Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) includes

A) feminist theory.
B) Afrocentric theory.
C) indigenous healing practices.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

The practice of Naikan therapy has been shown to be effective in treating

A) anxiety.
B) alcoholism.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

In __________ therapy, clients are encouraged to consider how their behavior and attitudes contribute or detract from a greater social system.

A) Morita
B) Ntu
C) Naikan
D) humanistic-existential

Question 23

The goal of Ntu psychotherapy is to

A) create a sense of holism in one's life.
B) restore harmony, genuineness, and interconnectedness.
C) restore a sense of belonging to society.
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the distinct phases of Ntu psychotherapy?

A) alignment
B) actualization
C) restoration
D) synthesis

Question 25

In the __________ phase of Ntu psychotherapy, congruence of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings is the goal.

A) harmony
B) alignment
C) actualization
D) synthesis

Question 26

Both __________are founded on persons' experiences. So as people experience more, including one another, their theoretical orientations change.

A) health and dysfunction
B) beliefs and insight
C) culture and theory
D) thoughts and behavior

Question 27

For counselors, the phrase theoretical orientation best describes our

A) rationale and our action.
B) purpose and our direction.
C) research and our practice.
D) None of the above.

Question 28

Many people become aware of their motivation for living or their personal theory for life

A) following a traumatic event.
B) while in counseling.
C) at times of change or crisis.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

A person's worldview can be best characterized as

A) founded exclusively on cultural expectations.
B) explanations, motivations, or reasons for living their lives.
C) motivation for transformation.
D) mutable and transient.

Question 30

A person's worldview is typically constructed from all of the following value orientations EXCEPT

A) human nature.
B) person/nature relations.
C) social relations.
D) family structure.

Question 31

When clients do not fit the cultural expectations for a particular theory

A) they are beyond help.
B) they should not seek counseling.
C) they could be inaccurately viewed as deficient from the start.
D) counselors are advised to improvise.

Question 32

All of the following social systems affect clients understanding of mental health EXCEPT

A) religion.
B) government.
C) family.
D) All of the above affect a client's understanding of mental health.

Question 33

The fourth force in counseling has been characterized as

A) transpersonal.
B) integrative.
C) multicultural.
D) All of the above.

Question 34

Counseling theories generally are developed in and support a particularly __________ worldview.

A) Westernized
B) evolved
C) individualized
D) collective

Question 35

The concept of a grand theory is best described as

A) integrating all dimensions of human experience into a single overarching theoretical framework.
B) incorporating many different models for counseling and spawning variations on a particular theme.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 36

The process of theoretical adaptation includes

A) Eliminate Assumptions, Identify Limitations, Codify Concepts, and Interventions.
B) Illuminate Assumptions, Specify Limitations, Evaluate Clients, and Diversify Interventions.
C) Eliminate Assumptions, Specify Limitations, Evaluate Clients, and Diagnose Interventions.
D) Determine Assumptions, Identify Limitations, Simplify Concepts, and Diversify Interventions.

Question 37

Contextual-systemic models of theory and intervention are supported by

A) constructivist paradigms.
B) positivist paradigms.
C) post-positivist paradigms.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

Multicultural counseling and therapy (MCT) has been presented as __________ that encompasses many different conceptual models and approaches to counseling.

A) a model for counseling
B) a meta-theory
C) an intervention
D) an evaluative method

Question 39

The practice of __________ encourages individuals to consider their roles in and reliance on larger social systems and engage inward reflection for greater understanding and appreciation for the benefits of an external system.

A) Naikan
B) mediation
C) yoga
D) counseling

Question 40

__________ therapy is a culturally contextualized approach to counseling that emphasizes the importance of self-in-relation.

A) Person-centered
B) Morita
C) Group
D) Jungian

Question 41

The concept of __________ comes from Central Africa (Bantu) and refers to universal energy or sense of being that is shared by all things.

A) Naikan
B) Ayurveda
C) Prana
D) Ntu

Question 42

The primary goal for __________ is to balance all systems in the individual and a wide variety of treatments are integrated at both the individual and environmental levels.

A) Naikan
B) Ayurveda
C) Prana
D) Ntu

Question 43

Empowerment theory

A) has roots in feminist theory.
B) has roots in multicultural theories.
C) allows counselors to incorporate social advocacy into their sessions.
D) All of the above.

Question 44

________ focuses on the shift from working for clients to working with clients toward a more complete picture of traditionally underserved populations.

A) Empowerment theory
B) Relational-cultural theory
C) Meta-theory
D) Meditation

Question 45

All of the following are considered alternative therapies EXCEPT

A) yoga
B) Ayurveda
C) empowerment theory
D) indigenous ways of knowing (IWOK)

Question 46

Explain grand theory and list the grand theories in counseling.

Question 47

Define culturally responsive counseling and explain why it is important in today's society.

Question 48

Define theoretical adaptation and eclecticism and explain how the two terms are related.

Question 49

List the six propositions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT).

Question 50

Compare and contrast Naikan therapy with Morita therapy.

Question 51

Describe the process of Ntu psychotherapy.

Question 52

What are some of the challenges related to integrating traditional counseling theories with cultural variables?

Question 53

Discuss and provide support for the following statement: "Theory is something that belongs to us as counselors."

Question 54

How does a client's worldview impact the counseling relationship?

Question 55

How does a counselor's worldview impact the counseling relationship?

Question 56

Describe the connection between counseling theory and personal worldview.

Question 57

How does theory attempt to provide a comprehensive explanation for human experience?

Question 58

Describe some of the challenges that arise when worldviews of counselors and clients differ.

Question 59

How do the social systems of religion, government, and family influence clients and shape a culture's understanding of mental health?

Question 60

Describe what is meant by the following statement: Limiting theoretical and treatment options to approaches based solely on Western worldviews can prove to be both useless and potentially harmful to some clients.

Question 61

Identify and describe at least three of the alternative therapies presented in the chapter.